THE PLEASURE OF MUSIC

Chapter 1

What you will learn

Describe the various ways music enhances our lives.

Discuss the role of the family in two musical dynasties.

Describe how globalization affects the music we hear.

Identify use of the “clave” in various music styles.

Vocabulary

FormCall and responseClaveBeatMelodyPitchCanon

Musician Profiles

Johann Sebastian BachAngelique Kidjo

Listening

For each song, answer the following questions. What is the genre of this music. (rock, jazz, classical,

etc.) When do you think this music was written? What is the mood of the piece? What emotions is the

composer trying to convey? What would be a good title?

A Unique Record of Humanity

Our ability to make music makes us uniqueMusic reflects the very essence of human

creativityTime Capsule to the stars

Gold plated, copper phonograph records were attached to Voyager 1 and 2 which were launched in 1977

Voyager

Gold records include: Greeting is 51 languages Digitized photos Sounds A pictorial account of humanity’s most notable

achievements Clips of Earth’s most important music

Voyager’s music - assignment

Music was included as “a creditable attempt to convey human emotions”

Activity 1, p. 5 – CD1:1-6 listen to 6 musical selections. Use the listening guide to answer the following questions. Name the culture associated with each piece of music What type of music (rock, opera, Jazz) does each selection

represent Is the music from our era or from some time in history long

ago? Are there common characteristics among the six pieces? If

so, name them. If you were to choose six selections that would define the

music of you generation, which ones would you choose? Why?

Activity 1, p. 5Ex. 1

“El Cascabel” – Mexican culture, Mariachi music, current eraEx. 2

“Johnny B. Goode” – North American/African-American culture, sung by Chuck Berry, early Rock, current era

Ex. 3 “Queen of the Night” – Western culture, classical opera aria by

Mozart, classical, late 18th century, still performed todayEx. 4

“Prelude and Fugue in C” – Western culture, keyboard composition by J.S. Bach, early 18th century, still studied and played today

Ex. 5 “Izlel je Delyo Hagdutin” – East European culture, traditional

Bulgarian, older but still sung todayEx. 6

“Dark Was the Night” - North American/African-American, blues, not heard often today

Activity 1, p. 5 - continued

Are there common characteristics among the six pieces? If so, name them. Most use instruments All are musical entertainment Most tell a story

The Future of Voyager and Its Cargo

By 2003 Voyager I had left the solar system.

Listening to the Music of Earth - assignment

What might a life form discovering the records think of Earth and its people?

What devices are used to create the soundsAssignment – Write a brief paragraph

answering “Why do you think music was included on the voyager recordings? What messages do you think the music would convey about human beings to alien life forms?” due tomorrow

Music and the Individual

In what ways are your musical tastes similar to your friends? In what ways are they different?

Musical Connections to childhood Exposure to music begins in childhood What were your favorite songs as a child? Childhood songs play an important role in a culture

Form- The structure and design of a composition, incorporating

repetition, contrast, unity, and varietyCall and response –

Question and answer pattern in which a group responds to a leader

Activity 2, p. 8 – “Kye Kye Kule” CD1:7

Call and response in an African game song- figure 1-2 on p. 9 Who sings the call and who sings the response

The leader sings the call and children imitate the call In what way does the call and response structure seem

to fit this childhood song? This is a traditional way children learn music in many

cultures What is the mood of the song?

Playful and childlike What game do you imagine the children playing while

they sing this song? What musical characteristics in the song made you envision this game?

Musical Preferences

Do you enjoy the music of your parents?Activity 3, p. 10 CD 1:8-13 – Musical Identity

worksheetLabel and rate types of music

If you could be in the audience of any of these performers at a live concert, which would it be? (Rate each piece from 1 to 6, where 1 is identify with most and 6 is identify with least.) Why?

If you could join any of these performers on stage as an actual performing musician, which would it be? (Rate each piece form 1 to 6) What would your musical role be? Why?

What do you think your ratings of these pieces reveal about who you are?

Which of these songs do you think the majority of your classmates identify with most? Least? Why?

Family and Musical Identity

Assignment – Create a list of songs that you associate with certain family members or that you recall being played in your home. Write a brief description of the memory associated with each song.

Family and Musical Identity

Did your family members’ musical tastes influence your own?

Are there songs you associate with family traditions and gatherings?

Musical families Music plays a more important role in some families

than others In some families it takes on a professional role.

Johann Sebastian Bach (German: 1685-1750)

One of the world’s greatest composersMost members of the family were professional

musicians – seven generationsHe played harpsichord as a childHe spent his life as a court or church organistIn his day he was most famous for his organ

playing and improvisational skills1000 of his works survive todayHis children were famous for their musical

achievements.

Bach and family

Carl Philip Emanuel Bach

Johann Christian Bach

Marsalis Family

Ellis Marsalis – father, pianist, composer, and teacher

“Twelve's It” Ellis Marsalis Trio

Marsalis Family

Bradford – saxophone Several Grammy awards Cherokee – Branford Marsalis trio

Marsalis Family

Wynton – trumpet Pulitzer prize Director of Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra Wynton Marsalis & Eric Clapton – Layla Portrait of Louis Armstrong - Wynton Marsalis

Marsalis Family

Delfeayo – producer Sultry Serenade / Ellis & Delfeayo Marsalis

Jason – drums Ellis Marsalis Trio & Jason Marsalis

Marsalis Family Swinging At The Haven / Marsalis Family

Activity 4, p. 13

Compare the works of the Marsalis family Bachianas Brasileiras CD 1:14 – Branford “Mood Indigo”CD 1:15 – Ellis “Allegro” CD 1:16 from Concerto in D major - Wynton

The Global Reach of Music

Music is a global expressionOur capacity to respond to and derive

pleasure from music is universalWorld influences

Modern technology has made it possible to access and share music from different countries

Angelique Kidjo (b. 1960), African singer

She fuses West African music with characteristics of America, Europe, and Latin America

As a youth she learned about African musicAs an adult she learned about jazz, rock,

salsa, and rumbaShe’s won 3 Grammy nominationsShe works with a diverse group of singers

Activity 5, p. 15 CD 1:17

Listen “tche-tche” – an Afro-pop rendition of “Kye Kye Kule” During which part of Kidjo’s song can you hear the

traditional version of the Ghanian song? It is heard in the refrain

What other influences can you hear in this song? Do you hear any elements that you might characterize as American, European, or Latin American? Traditional influences, pop style, African drumming, Latin

instruments Who do you think was the intended audience of this

version of the song? Explain. Universal popular music market

West African rhythms

The music of West Africa has made an important contribution to our own culture

Jazz especially, has been influenced by the rhythms of African drumming

Clave – A basic rhythmic pattern that provides the foundation

for the complex rhythms played by multiple drums Usually played on an iron bell or claves Beat –

A steady recurring pulse

Activity 6, p. 16

Recognize the clave pattern Gome drumming – drumming performed by the Ga

people of Ghana Video CD 1:18

Cha-cha – Afro –Cuban Dance CD 1:19

Activity 7, p. 17

Clave patterns can be heard in many kinds of music 1955 – Bo Diddley, rock and roll

“CD 1:20” – rhythm closely related to the West African clave

“Vamanos P’al Monte” – dance tune Pattern is reversed Video CD 1:21

The European Influence on World Music

A large part of America’s population finds its roots in Europe

Germany and Austria have had a large influence on musical culture

Melody: An intentionally organize

succession of musical tonesPitch:

The highness or lowness of sound determined by its frequency

Ellis Island

Activity 8, p. 18 CD 1:22

Canon in D by Johann Pachelbel (1653-1706) Canon:

A musical form where parts enter at different times by have the same melody throughout.

Pachelbel’s focused on one pitch instead of rhythm

He wrote a variety of works for organ and harpsichord.

Activity 9, p. 19

Compare two types of music “The Best Times of Our Lives” Symphony No. 40

Which of the two pieces was more challenging?What are some similarities between the two

pieces of music?Were you surprised by these similarities? Why

or why not?What do you think about when you hear such

divergent music sharing the same beat pattern

Technology and the Future of Music

It is now easy to hear a variety of music anytime, anywhere. Itunes Shazam

Meet the Musician – Halie Silverman, trumpet, p. 20 Performing Concert Etude

Music to me - video

What were some of the reasons the musicians shared about why the play music?

Why do you play or listen to music?Based on what you heard from the young musicians,

what does it take to get really good at music?Does this apply to other activities, like sports or

academics? How?What were some examples the musicians shared about

classical music in popular culture?What are some of the stereotypes about classical music

that the musicians shared?What else could you add? Do you agree?What are some stereotypes about other kinds of music?

Review – terms

Beat A steady recurring pulse

Call and response A question and answer pattern in which a group

responds to a leaderCanon

A musical form where parts enter at different times but have the same melody throughout

Clave A basic rhythmic pattern that provides the foundation

for the complex rhythms played by multiple drums

Form The structure and design of a composition,

incorporating repetition, contrast, unity, and varietyMelody

An intentionally organized succession of musical tonesPitch

The highness or lowness of sound determined by its frequency of vibration

Review - people

Composed “Mood Indigo” Ellis Marsalis

Composed Symphony No. 40 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Contemporary trumpeter from musical family Wynton Marsalis

Head of a twentieth century musical dynasty Ellis Marsalis

Member of the Marsalis family who plays the saxophone Branford

Composer who influenced the development of classical music Johann Sebastian Bach

Fused West African music with American styles of rhythm and blues, funk, and jazz Angelique Kidjo

Composer credited with Canon in D Johann Pachelbel

Composer who wrote Concerto in D Major Michael Haydn

Famous for playing and improvising on the organ Johann Sebastian Bach

Review – misc.

From what country is the children’s song “Kye Kye Kule”? Ghana

In most cultures, when does a child’s exposure to music begin? From a very early age

What did the music included on the Voyager time capsule represent? A broad range of cultures

What are the time capsules of music on Voyager Phonograph records

In what types of music can clave patterns be heard? Latin jazz, West African drumming, and rhythm and

bluesWhich country’s music reflects a British

influence, yet still retains a flavor all its own? Ghana

Review - Essay

Discuss globalization in today’s music. Technology makes it possible to hear a variety of

music from different countries Contemporary composers and musicians are influenced

by the music of other countries They blend elements to create music with a universal

appeal

In what ways does music enhance lives? Entertaining, amusing, and inspiring Enhances celebrations, rituals, and commemorative

ceremonies Provides people with a means of self-expression

Bach Marsalis

Guided by fatherProduced

composers and musicians

Active during the 18th century

Influenced the development of classical music

Guided by fatherProduced

composers and musicians

Active currentlyMainly known for

jazz

Compare and contrast the Bach and Marsalis families. Why are the know as “musical

dynasties”?

Called musical dynasties because family members from different generations achieved fame as musicians.