The Planting of English America

Remember the other colonizing powers: Spain,

Swedes, France, Netherlands

Protestant Reformation in Protestant Reformation in EnglandEnglandKing Henry VIII

breaks with Roman Catholic Church

Forms Anglican Church

His daughter, Elizabeth, begins England’s Golden Age and a rivalry with Catholic Spain

Elizabeth Energizes Elizabeth Energizes EnglandEnglandElizabeth sends

English seadogs to pirate and plunder Spanish ships

Sir Francis Drake also becomes first English seadog that would circumnavigate the globe.

First attempts at EnglishFirst attempts at English colonization fail colonization fail

Sir Humphrey Gilbert fails in New Found Land

Sir Walter Raleigh and The Lost Colony (Roanoke)

1588 1588 The Defeat of Philip IIThe Defeat of Philip II’’s Spanish s Spanish Armada!Armada!EnglandEngland’’s sea dogs defeat larger s sea dogs defeat larger Spanish ships. England becomes Spanish ships. England becomes ““mistress of the shipsmistress of the ships””..

England reaches new England reaches new heightsheights

Popular strong monarchGolden Age of LiteratureSense of NationalismReligious unityMistress of the seas

Why England Sets SailWhy England Sets SailMushrooming

population Enclosure

movementUnemploymentPrimogeniture

Joint Stock Company

By the 1600s the joint stock company was perfected, forerunner to modern capitalism (pooling capital)

JamestownJamestown1606 Virginia

Company received a charter from King James I to settle in New World

Searching for gold but cash crop turned out to be tobacco

1st permanent settlement in the New World

JamestownJamestown’’s Starving Time s Starving Time Winter 1609Winter 1609

Early settlers worked little

Mosquito InfestedDisease MalnutritionStarvation 1608 Captain John

Smith saved colony by his “no work, no food” policy.

Pocahontas saves John Smith

Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeakePowhatan’s

Confederacy and the early settlers briefly coexisted – he wanted them as an ally to extend his power

Colonists raided Indian food stuffs during starving time

• Lord de la Warr – governor arrived with orders to war with the Indians

Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

First Anglo- Powhatan War (1614)

Lord de la Warr◦ Raided Indian Villages◦ Burned houses◦ Confiscated provisions◦ Torched cornfields

Ended in peace agreement

Pocahontas married John Rolfe

Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

8 years later – Natives push back

Natives pressed by land hungry whites

European diseasesVirginia Company

says “perpetual war without peace or truce”

English raids reduced population and drove remaining Indians westward

Cultural Clash in the Cultural Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeakeSecond Anglo-

Powhatan War (1646)

Last attemptPeace Treaty

signedBanishes

Chesapeake Indians from their native lands

Virginia: Child of TobaccoVirginia: Child of TobaccoJohn Rolfe –

“father of tobacco”

cash crop - tobacco

Plantation system

• First African Americans arrived in 1619

• Most farmers couldn’t afford slaves at this time

Representative self government Representative self government was born in Virginiawas born in Virginia

The Virginia House of Burgesses set America on a road towards self-rule.

James I called it a “seminary of sedition”.

1634 Maryland A 1634 Maryland A ““Catholic Catholic HavenHaven””Founded by Lord

Baltimore as a safe haven for persecuted Catholics.

Feudal estates granted by Lord Baltimore to close associates

Tobacco was cash crop

MarylandMaryland’’s Act of s Act of TolerationTolerationGuaranteed religious toleration

to all Christians but decreed death penalty to those not believe in divinity of Christ.

The British West IndiesThe British West IndiesBy 1600s Britain

was successfully colonizing the West Indies

Sugar was main crop grown by African slaves.

Slave Codes established legal status of slaves / masters

Colonizing the CarolinasColonizing the CarolinasBack in England a

brief Civil War had dispatched Charles I.

Oliver Cromwell had ruled for 10 years but the Restoration had returned Charles II to the throne of England. Colonization could begin again.

Oliver Cromwell

1670 Carolina founded1670 Carolina foundedNamed for

Charles IIClose economic

ties to West Indies because of port of Charleston

Rice a principle crop

Slaves imported

North Carolina 1712North Carolina 1712Squatters from

Virginia began to enter the Carolinas

Upset established aristocratic Charleston planters

“North Carolinians” were more independent minded than the planters

Georgia: The Georgia: The ““buffer buffer colonycolony””Georgia was

intended to be a buffer colony between Spanish Florida , French Louisiana and Indians

The Charity ColonyNamed for George IIFounded by James

Oglethrope

The Southern Plantation The Southern Plantation ColoniesColonies

Slavery found in all colonies

Bustling seaports (Charlestown)

Large plantations Because of travel issues

few schools Major crops were rice,

tobacco, and indigo Some form of religious

toleration Confrontations with

Natives