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The PIE-Concept- Decoding the Proto-Indo-European Language -

J. Richter 

 Fig. 1: The Provençal pronoun of the first 

 Person singular 

i é u

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Introduction

This overview investigates the correlation between a number of divine names, the pronouns and their bipolar elements.

European languages derived their linguistic concepts from thecommon Indo-European sky-god  Dyaus, which in its purestform has been copied to god's name ( Diéu) in Provençallanguage. The personal pronoun of the first person singular (iéu) is correlating to the divine name ( Diéu)1.

Simultaneously the creation legend has been coded as bipolar structures (a male symbol i  and a female symbol u) in the personal pronoun of the first person singular (e.g. iéu, iau or iou).

IU-, IO- and IOU-combinations have been identified in the pronouns for  Aromanian, Lengadocian, Romansch, Sursilvan,

Sutsilvan, Sicilian,   Aragonese, Aromanian, Catalan,

 Interlingua, Italian, Gascon (Occitan) and Spanish languages.Generally the Indo-European core *iou has been used toencode a divine name (e.g.  IU -piter),  pronouns (e.g. iu ) and supreme justice  ( ius ) and as a  joint , especially a matrimonial joint . Romance languages may also symbolize the AdamKadmon-concept inside the personal pronoun of the first person singular (*iou, e.g. iéu, iau or iou).

In contrast to Romance languages the Germanic languages donot reveal female symbols (o and/or  u) inside the personal pronouns for the 1st person singular. For this reason they do notreveal the Adam Kadmon-concept.

1 Details are documented in: The Keywords in God's Name 

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Provençal language

European languages derived their linguistic concepts from thecommon  Indo-European sky-god  Dyaus, which in its purestform has been copied to god's name ( Diéu) in Provençallanguage. The personal pronoun of the first person singular (iéu) has been integrated inside god's name ( Diéu).

The strong correlation between the pronoun (iéu) and thedivine name ( Diéu) may symbolize a biblical legend, in which

God created man according to His image

2

.Simultaneously the creation legend may have been coded as bipolar structures in the personal pronoun of the first personsingular (iéu): male and female he created them.

male ( i  ) and female ( u ) he created i é u.

In order to analyse this thesis for a number of other languagesthe personal pronoun of the first person singular will be

compared to the corresponding divine names.

2 Details are documented in: The Keywords in God's Name 

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Proto-Indo-European language3

The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the unattested,reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-Europeanlanguages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The existenceof such a language has been accepted by linguists for over acentury, and reconstruction is far advanced and quite detailed.

Scholars estimate that PIE may have been spoken as a singlelanguage (before divergence began) around 4000 BC, though

estimates by different authorities can vary by more than amillennium. The most popular hypothesis for the origin andspread of the language is the Kurgan hypothesis, which postulates an origin in the Pontic-Caspian steppe of EasternEurope and Western Asia. In modern times the existence of thelanguage was first postulated in the 18th century by Sir William Jones, who observed the similarities between Sanskrit,Ancient Greek, and Latin. By the early 1900s well-defined

descriptions of PIE had been developed that are still acceptedtoday (with some refinements).

As there is no direct evidence of Proto-Indo-Europeanlanguage, all knowledge of the language is derived byreconstruction from later languages using linguistic techniquessuch as the comparative method and the method of internalreconstruction. PIE is known to have had a complex system of 

morphology that included inflections (adding prefixes andsuffixes to word roots, as is common in Romance languages),and ablaut (changing vowel sounds in word roots, as iscommon in Germanic languages). Nouns used a sophisticatedsystem of declension and verbs used a similarly sophisticatedsystem of conjugation.3 Source: Proto-Indo-European language (PIE)

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PIE-Personal Pronouns4

PIE had personal pronouns in the first and second person, but

not the third person, where demonstratives were used instead.The personal pronouns had their own unique forms and 

endings, and some had two distinct stems; this is most obviousin the first person singular, where the two stems are still preserved in English I  and me. According to Beekes, therewere also two varieties for the accusative, genitive and dativecases, a stressed and an enclitic form.

Personal pronouns (Beekes)First person Second person

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Nominative*h eǵ(oH/H₁

om)*wei *tuH *yuH

Accusative*h mé,₁  

*h me₁

*nsmé,

*nōs

*twé*usmé,

*wōsGenitive

*h méne,₁  *h moi₁

*ns(er)o-,*nos

*tewe,*toi

*yus(er)o-,*wos

Dative*h méǵʰio,₁  *h moi₁

*nsmei,*ns

*tébʰio,*toi

*usmei

Instrumental *h moí₁ ? *toí ?

Ablative *h med₁ *nsmed *tued *usmed

Locative *h moí₁ *nsmi *toí *usmi

4 Source: Proto-Indo-European language (PIE)

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According to the Swadesh list of words in  English and Proto-Indo-European the personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd personare the most important words in any language. This rank 

suggests to investigate the special religious character for these pronouns, by comparing the words with the divine names.

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PIE-Entry for God

The following entry has been found in List of Proto-Indo-European nouns 

*deiw-os god, i.e. 'shining'

Skr. deva, 

 Av. daēva, 

 Lith. dievas, 

 Latv. dievs, 

Old Prussian deiws, 

 Lat. deus, 

Oscan diúveí, 

Umbrian di, Gaulish Dēvona, 

Gk. Zeus, 

 Phrygian tios, 

OCS. divo, 

 Russ. divo, 

 Polish dziw, 

 Kamviri di, 

 Eng. Tiw/Tuesday, 

Gm. Ziu/--, 

ON. Týr, 

Goth. Tyz, 

Welsh duw, 

 Irish día/día,  Lycian ziw, 

 Luwian tiwat-, 

 Lydian Divi-, 

 Palaic tiyaz, 

 Arm. tiv/--/-- 

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Descendants from the pronoun Ego5

Proto-Indo-European root *éǵh₂.Language Ego (I) God

Aragonese yo 

Aromanian iou , io

Catalan  jo  Deus, Déu

French (oldFrench)  je  Dieu, Diex , Dex 

Galician eu  Deus 

Interlingua io 

Italian io  Dio

Gascon (Occitan)  jo 

Lengadocian ieu , jo Dieu 

Portuguese eu  Deus Romanian eu  Zeu, Dumnezeu

Romansch   jau, eau Dieu

Sursilvan   jeu Dieu

Sutsilvan jou Dieu

Sardinian eo Déu

Sicilian iu Diu

Spanish yo  Dios 

Vulgar Latin eo Deus

5 Source (Wikionary): Etymology for Ego

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The personal pronouns in Lengadocian: ieu, Aromanian6: iou 

and Romansch7:  jau, including the variants Surselvisch:  jeu

and Sutselvisch:  jou. A similar variant may be Sicilian: iu. A

number of io- and iu-combinations will also be included in thelist.

The following correlations may be identified in this table:

• In French the pronoun “ je” is found included in “Dieu”.

• In Galician the pronoun “eu” is found included in“Deus”.

• In Italian the pronoun “io” is found included in “Dio”.

• In Lengadocian the pronoun “ieu” is found included in“Dieu”.

• In  Portugese the pronoun “eu” is found included in“Deus”.

• In  Romanian the pronoun “eu” is found included in“Zeu”.

• In Sicilian the pronoun “iu” is found included in “Diu”.

• In Spanish the pronoun “yo” is found included in“Dios”.

• In Sursilvan the pronoun “ jeu” is found included in“Dieu”.

Obviously the divine name and the pronoun are correlating inthe languages  French, Galician, Italian, Lengadocian,

 Portuguese, Romanian, Sicilian, Spanish and Sursilvan .

6 mainly spoken in Greece7 one of the four national languages of  Switzerland

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Creation Legends

A creation legend may have been coded as bipolar structures (a

male symbol i  and a female symbol u or  o) in the personal pronoun of the first person singular (e.g. iéu).

Suitable IU-combinations have been identified in the pronounsfor  Aromanian, Lengadocian, Romansch Sursilvan, Sutsilvan

and Sicilian.

Equivalent IO-combinations have been identified in the pronouns for   Aragonese, Aromanian,Catalan, Interlingua,

 Italian, Gascon (Occitan), Lengadocian, Sutsilvan, Spanish.

Genuine  IOU-cores  have been identified in the pronouns for  Aromanian and Sutsilvan (Romansch) languages.

Bipolar Symbolism in *Iou 

The supreme Roman god was Iuppiter (Jupiter), whose name

shares the Indo-European root * Iou (→dyeu) with the Greek Zeus (dyeus) and the Sanskrit dyaus (“the sky”). Although theearly Roman gods were in some senses personal, they weregenerally not anthropomorphic.

Iuppiter originated as a vocative compound of the Old Latinvocative *Iou and pater ("father") and came to replace the OldLatin nominative case *Ious.

The Indo-European core *iou has also been explained assupreme  justice8 and as a  joint  in uniting the people and thehuman matrimonial couples, symbolized by joining the male

8 *ious, from Proto-Indo-European *yAus- (“ritual purity; supreme justice”). Source →  justice

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(I) and female (U) elements9.

Matrimony has been considered a sacred act, performing a re-uniting of the separated halves of a man. These religioussymbols have been encoded in the divine names and in thecorresponding personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd personsingular – the most important words in any language.

In a subtotal the Indo-European core *iou may have been usedto encode a divine name (Jupiter),  pronouns (I),   supreme

 justice (ius), and a joint , especially a matrimonial joint .

9 Details are documented in: The Keywords in God's Name 

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Adam Ḳadmon10

In the religious writings of Kabbalah,  Adam Ḳadmon is a phrase meaning "Primal Man". The oldest rabbinical source for the term "Adam ha-Ḳadmoni" is Num. R. x., where Adam isstyled, not as usually, "Ha-Rishon" (the first), "Ha-Kadmoni"(the original).

The remarkable contradictions in the Book Genesis could notescape the attention of the Pharisees, to whom the Bible was a

subject of close study. In explaining the various viewsconcerning Eve's creation, they taught that Adam was createdas a man-woman (androgynous), explaining    

(Genesis 1:27) as "male and female" instead of "man andwoman," and that the separation of the sexes arose from thesubsequent operation upon Adam's body, as related in theScripture.

Closely related to these doctrines of the heavenly Adam is the Adam Ḳadmon (called also Adam 'Ilaya, the "High Man," the"Heavenly Man") of the Zohar . 

The Indo-European core *iou may now represent anandrogynous  Adam Ḳadmon, in which I is representing themale, respectively O or U the female half.

In fact the pronoun iou may originally have been interpreted as

a joined “Adam” instead of “I”, in which “Adam” has beenconsidered as representing a couple. If a man said: “Adam promises to pay 10 cows” he represented his wife as well byusing the *iou- pronoun.

10 Source (Wikipedia): Adam Ḳadmon 

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In a total the Indo-European core *iou may have been used toencode a divine name (Jupiter),  pronouns (I),  supreme justice

(ius), a  joint , especially a matrimonial  joint  and an

androgynous Adam Ḳadmon.

These symbols have been available to the ancient peoples, butsome of the symbolism may have been altered locally.

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Modified pronouns

The interpretation of the creation legend may have been alteredlocally or in the course of time, resulting in modifications inthe pronouns' structure.

Especially English and other  Germanic languages seems tohave developed a unique combination of I and U-pronouns for the most important words in the Swadesh list, resulting in veryshort personal pronouns (I for the 1st person in English and U

for the 2

nd

person in Dutch).The personal pronouns for the 1st person singular in Germaniclanguages do not reveal female symbols (o and/or  u) andtherefore they do not support the Adam Kadmon-concept. TheSwadesh list for  Germanic languages contains the followingentries for these personal pronouns for the 1st person singular :I, ik , ek , ich, ish, ech, jeg,  jag, eg, ég.

Instead most of the pronouns for the 2nd

person singular inGermanic and Romance languages reveal female symbols (oand/or  u), often combined with the letters D, T or Th: you,thou, do,  dû,   jo,  jij,  je, u,  jy, du, Sie,  doe, Do, De, Ühr , tú,usted, Lei, þú, vous.

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Conclusion

This overview investigates the correlation between a number of divine names, the pronouns and their bipolar elements.

Personal pronouns and divine names

European languages derived their linguistic concepts from thecommon Indo-European sky-god  Dyaus, which in its purestform has been copied to god's name ( Diéu) in Provençal

language. The personal pronoun of the first person singular (iéu) is correlating to the divine name ( Diéu)11.

The investigation confirms the correlations of the divine nameand the pronoun for the languages  French, Galician, Italian,

 Lengadocian, Portuguese, Romanian, Sicilian, Spanish and 

Sursilvan.

Creation Legends

Simultaneously the creation legend has been coded as bipolar structures (a male symbol i  and a female symbol u) in the personal pronoun of the first person singular (e.g. iéu, iau or iou).

IU-, IO-, IAU- and IOU-combinations have been identified in

the pronouns for   Aromanian, Lengadocian, Romansch,Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Sicilian,  Aragonese, Aromanian, Catalan,

 Interlingua, Italian, Gascon (Occitan) and Spanish languages.

11 Details are documented in: The Keywords in God's Name 

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Divine Attributes

Generally the Indo-European core *iou has been used toencode a divine name (e.g.  IU -piter),  pronouns (e.g. iu ) and supreme justice ( ius12 ) and as a  joint , especially a matrimonial joint 13 (and yoke14 ). Romance languages may also symbolizethe Adam Kadmon-concept inside the personal pronoun of thefirst person singular (*iou, e.g. iéu, iau or iou).

 published for Wikimedia Commons under GNU Free Documentation

 License , by Cgoodwin 

12 derived words are: justice, just, judge, juice, etcetera13 to join = Latin: iungo14 yoke = Latin: iugum

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 Fig. 1: Bow yokes on a bullock team

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Germanic and Romance languages

In contrast to Romance languages the Germanic languages donot reveal female symbols (o and/or  u) inside the personal pronouns for the 1st person singular. For this reason they do notreveal the Adam Kadmon-concept.

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Contents

Introduction................................................................................2Provençal language....................................................................3Proto-Indo-European language..................................................4PIE-Personal Pronouns..............................................................5PIE-Entry for God......................................................................7Descendants from the pronoun Ego...........................................8Creation Legends.....................................................................10Adam Ḳadmon.........................................................................12

Modified pronouns...................................................................14Conclusion...............................................................................15

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