The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in...

45
The physics of magnetar magnetosphere: understanding recent magnetar observations from the magnetospheric point of view H. Tong ( 仝号) 2017.2 Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Homepage: www.escience.cn/people/tonghao For QCS 2017@YITP, Kyoto University

Transcript of The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in...

Page 1: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Thephysicsofmagnetar magnetosphere:understandingrecentmagnetar observationsfromthe

magnetospheric pointofview

H.Tong(仝号)2017.2

XinjiangAstronomicalObservatory,ChineseAcademyofSciences

Homepage:www.escience.cn/people/tonghao

For QCS 2017@YITP, Kyoto University

Page 2: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Content

1. Introduction:what’smagnetars?2. Progressofisolatedmagnetars:

windbrakingofmagnetarsandmagnetarwindnebula

3. Accretingmagnetars

Page 3: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

1.Pulsarsandmagnetars(upto2017)1. Rotation-poweredpulsars2. Accretion-poweredpulsars3. Magnetars (?)

• AnomalousX-raypulsars• Softgamma-rayrepeaters

4. Thermal-powered• X-raydimisolatedneutrons(XDINSs)

5. ??• Rotatingradiotransients(RRATs)• CentralCompactObjects(CCOs)• ???,e.g.1987Apulsars

Magnetar is a special kind of pulsarswhy special? how special?

Page 4: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Magnetarsmyfavorite!

updatedfromTong2016

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Page 5: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Traditionalmagnetar model(Mereghetti 2008)

Magnetar=1. youngNS(SNR&MSC)2. Bdip>BQED=4.4×1013 G(braking)3. Bmul=1014 -1015 G(burstandsuper-Eddington

luminosityandpersistentemission)

Page 6: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Giantflaresofmagnetars(Mereghetti 2008):1.Spike+pulsatingtail(hundredsofseconds)

2.10^4timessuper-Eddingtonduringthetail(10^42ergs^-1)

Explanation:10^15Gmagneticfieldastheenergypowerandcauseofsuper-Eddingtonluminosity

Page 7: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

2.Recentprogressesofmagnetars

• 2010:“lowmagneticfield”magnetar(B<7.5*10^12G)Ferminon-detectionofmagnetars

• 2013:anti-glitch;Galacticcentermagnetar• 2014:accretingmagnetar• 2016:magnetarwindnebula;super-slowmagnetars;magnetaroutburstfromaradiopulsar

Page 8: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Openquestions

Howmagnetars arespundown?• Whysomanytimingeventsinandonlyinmagnetars?

• Unifiedspindown mechanismofpulsarsandmagnetars

My answer: wind braking(Tong, Xu, Song, Qiao 2013, ApJ, 768, 144)

Page 9: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Variousalternatives(Tong&Xu2014AN)

1.NS+twistedmagnetosphere(Thompsonetal.2002;Beloborodov 2009)(fornon-rotatingmagnetars)2.Windbrakingofmagnetars(Tongetal.2013)3.Coupledmagneticandthermalevolution (Vigano+2013)4.Fallbackdiskmodel(Alpar2001)5.Accretioninducedstarquakemodel(Xuetal.2006)

6.Quarknovaremnant(Ouyedetal.2007)7.AccretingWDmodel(Paczynski1990)

Page 10: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Wingbrakingofmagnetars(Tong+2013)

• Insummary

• Magnetism-powered particlewind• WhenLp >>Edot,amuchlowermagneticfield(plushigherordereffects,magnetarcase)

工作3:

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Subsequentworks(1)

• Variablespin-downofthesecondlow-Bmagnetar (Tong&2013RAA)

• Radioupperlimitsofonemagnetar (Tongetal.2014RAA)

• Anti-glitchinthewindbrakingmodel(Tong2014ApJ)

• Timingbehaviorofthegalacticcentermagnetar (Tong2015RAA)

• Magnetar windnebula(Tong2016RAA)

Page 12: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Decreasing period derivative of the second low-B magnetar

Tong & Xu 2013 RAA

Scholz+ 2014

Decreasing Pdot a decresing particle wind

Page 13: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Spindown behavior of the Galactic center magnetar, Kaspi+ 2014

1. Decreasing Lx2. Increasing spindown rate•negative correlation betweenLx and Pdot

Page 14: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Changes of polar cap opensing angle, Tong 2015 RAA

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Anti-glitchofmagnetar1E2259+586

● Archibald+(2013)Anti-glitch

14 days interval

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Anti-glitchinthewindbrakingscenarioTong2014ApJ,citations:19

1.Duetoanenhancedparticlewind2.Anti-glitchalwaysaccompaniedbyradiativeevents

3.Noanti-glitch,butaperiodofenhancedspindown

● Futureanti-gltichwithoutradiativeeventoraverysmalltimescalecanruleoutthewindbrakingmodel

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Woods+ 2007

bursts

A period of enhanced spindown

Page 18: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

If…

• Anti-glitch:duetoastrongerparticlewind• ??????: aweakerparticlewind/theparticlewinddisappeared

Spindown behavior of intermittent pulsarsLi, Tong+ 2014 ApJ

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The first possible magnetar wind nebula (Younes et al. 2016)

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Younes et al. 2016

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My comments (Tong 2016 RAA)

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Openquestions

l 1967:discoveryofpulsars(Hewish,Belletal.)l ~1970:X-raypulsars(accretingneutronstarsinbinarysystems,Giacconietal.)

l 1982:millisecondpulsars(Backeretal.)RecycledneutronstarsvialowmassX-raybinaries

l 1990s:magnetar(Thompson/Duncan,Kouveliotouetal.)

– Whereareaccretingmagnetars?

3. accreting magnetar

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Spectraofmagnetars(Abdo etal.2010)

Cutoff?

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Mereghetti etal.(2015):comparisonbetweendifferentkindsofobjects

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Cuttoffat~130keVfor4U0142+61(Wang,Tong,Guo2014RAA;9yearsIntegraldata)

Conclusion:ultra-relativisticmodelscanberuledout!

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Thekeydifferencebetweenmagnetarsandrotation-poweredpulsars:multipole magneticfield!

Nottheirpositions ontheP-Pdot diagram(determined bythemagnetospheric torque)

Evidenceforstrongmultipole fieldinaccretingsystems(Tong&Wang2014):1.magnetar burst2.hardX-raytail3....

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Page 27: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

SuperslowX-raypulsarmaynotbeaccretingmagnetars

(Tong&Wang2014)SuperslowX-raypulsarsin HMXBs

Page 28: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Ultraluminous X-raysources(Feng &Soria 2011)

l X-raypointsourcesoffsetfromthenucleiofnearbygalaxies

l Lx=10^39-10^41ergs^-1l Intermediatemassblackhole(100-10000Msun)orsuper-Eddingtonaccretingstellarmassblackholeor...

Page 29: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the
Page 30: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Pulsation (1.37s)modulatedBytheorbitalmotion (2.5day)

Bachetti etal.2014

Page 31: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Bachetti etal.2014

Theneutronstarisspinning up!Pdot=-2*10^-10Typicalaccretion-powerX-raypulsars

Problem &Difficulity:Howtoexplainthesuper-Eddingtonluminosity (10^40ergs^-1)andspin-uprate?

Accretingmagnetar

Page 32: The physics of magnetar magnetosphereqcs2017/21/h_tong.pdf · Magnetar activities from the CCO in RCW 103 • Rea et al. arXiv:1607.04107; D’Ai et al. arXiv:1607.04264 (appear the

Models:accretingmagnetarl Observation:Bachetti etal.(arXiv:1410.3590)1. Eksi etal.(arXiv:1410.5205):accretingmagnetar,smallertorque

duringaccretionequilibrium2. Lyutikov (1410.8745):accretingmagnetar,super-Eddingtonaccretion3. Kluzniak &Lasota (1411.1005):ULXpulsar-->millisecondpulsar4. Tong(1411.3168):accretinglowmagneticfieldmagnetar5. Christodoulouetal.(1411.5434):accretingnormalneutronstar6. Dall'Osso etal.(1412.1834):accretingmagnetar7. Mushtukovetal.(1506.03600):maximumluminosityof10^40ergs^-

18. Guo etal.(1508.00390): massivepulsars(GRresponsibleforthesuper

Eddington luminosity)9. Panetal.(1510.08597):evolutionofaccretingmagnetars10. Fragos etal.(1501.02679),Shao&Li(1502.03905):formation

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Accretinglowmagneticfieldmagnetar

l Agedmagnetars aremoreliketobelowmagneticfieldmagnetars (10^6yrs old;consistentwithpopulationsynthesis)

l Super-Eddington luminosityduetothepresenceofstrongmultipole field(e.g.,10^14G)

l Rotationalbehaviorsduetotheinteractionofmuchlowerdipolefield(10^12G)withtheaccretionflow

工作4:吸积磁星

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Panetal.2015

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citations: 13

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subsequent support: Chen 2016, MNRAS

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CCO(1E1613)inRCW103(DeLuca+2006)

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Peculiarities

1. Variability2. Periodicity(6.6hour)Nature:magnetar!

Problem:P=6.6hr?Sol:fallbackdiskbrakingNewProblems:Accretionpowered?;Pdot?

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MagnetaractivitiesfromtheCCOinRCW103

• Reaetal.arXiv:1607.04107;D’Aietal.arXiv:1607.04264(appearthesamedayonthearXiv)

• burst:duration~10ms,spectra:BB,T~10keV• Timing:the6.6hrperiodisstillthere• spectra:2BB(Chandra)+PL(NuSTAR),PL

index~1.2(transienthardX-raycomponent,similartomagnetaroutburst)

• outburst:threeoutburstperiod,energyreleasecanbeashighas10^43erg

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Burst from the RCW 103 direction, Rea et al. 2016

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Outburst from the CCO in RCW 103, D’Ai et al. 2016

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NatureofCCOinRCW103

1. amagnetar!2. averyspecialmagnetar comparedwith

magnetars,CCOs,normalneutronsandaccretingneutrons:thelongestspinperiod!

3. amagnetar brakeddownbyafallbackdiskinthepast?

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3 weeks later (Aug 6th):

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Summary:magnetarsinastrophysics

1. AXP/SGR2. XDINSs:deadmagnetar3. CCO:magnetar-in-waiting/diskbrakeddown

magnetar4. HBPSR:magnetar activitiesalsoseen

(PSRJ1846-0258;andJ1119-6127)5. LowBSGR:magnetar activitiesinnormal

pulsarsinthefuture!6. Magnetars inbinarysystem?(LSI+61,

superslow X-raypulsars,ULXpulsarsetc)

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Thankyouverymuch!