The Physics & Mechanics of the Violin
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Transcript of The Physics & Mechanics of the Violin
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The Physics & Mechanics of the Violin
Created by Cara Orji
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String Instruments
• They are not ALL the same!!!!
• Don’t confuse violin with viola!
• Or viol with viola!• Or string/double bass with
bass guitar or bass fish!• Or cello with bass!
Violin vs. Viola
Viol
Cello
String/DoubleBass Bass
guitar
Bass fish
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Sound
• Webster’s New World Dictionary, Third College Edition- Definition: “vibrations in air, water, etc. that stimulate the auditory nerves and produce the sensation of any auditory effect that is distinctive or characteristic of its source”
• # of vibrations per second = frequency
- measured in cycles per second or Hertz (Hz)
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Construction of the Violin
This diagram showing the anatomy and nomenclature of the violin is provided by Atelier Labussiere.
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Construction cont’d
Cross section at the bridge, seen from the tailpiece end.
A violin in the baroque style made by John McLennan.
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How the Violin Works• The pitch of a vibrating string depends on these four
factors:- thickness - tension - length- mode of vibration
• The bridge – between the f holes- yes, they are called “f holes,”but not for the reason that you’re thinking
• The soundpost & bass bar (inside)- for movement and vibration
• The body- belly (top plate), back plate
• The bow- articulation and sound effects
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Materials• Softwoods
- belly, bass bar, linings, purfling, soundpost- spruce, pearwood, willow
• Hardwoods- back plate, neck/fingerboard/scroll, chin rest, pegs, ribs, tailpiece, bow- maple, ebony, mahogany, oak, pine
• Resin- Definition: “any of various solid or semisolid, viscous, usually clear or translucent, yellowish or brownish, organic substances exuded from various plants and trees . . . And are used in varnishes and lacquers”
• Gut- Definition: “tough cord made from animal intestines, used for violin strings, surgical sutures, etc.”
- metal, nylon, silk, braided saltwater fishing line- synthetic core with aluminum/silver wound
• Horsehair• Hard plastics
- chin rest, tailpiece/fine tuners
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The BowCol legno
Collé
Spiccato
Tremolo
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The Bow cont’dSul ponticello Sul tasto
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More Sound Effects
• Pizzicato
• Vibrato
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Bibliography• http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw.violintro.html
• The Strad. Aug. 2008.
• Stradivari’s Genius: Five Violins, One Cello, and Three Centuries of Enduring Perfection.
• Havighurst, Jay. Making Musical Instruments by Hand. 1998
• The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments
• Neufeldt, Victoria E. Webster’s New World Dictionary, Third College Edition. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1988.