PRESENTERS: D11E41 Aqsa Zulfiqar Ali D11E42 Fareeha Hasan D11E43 Areej Amin D11E44 Hadiya Yonis D11E45 Seema Mehboob D11E46 Amrozia D11E47 Alina Rao D11E48 Anum Malik D11E49 Anum Ijaz D11E50 Qurat-ul-ain

THE PHYSICAL PLANTS

AND ITS EQUIPMENT

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Introduction:

The term “physical plant” refers to the necessary infrastructure used in the support and maintenance of a given facility.

The physical plant of the pharmacy department is responsible for the renovation, maintenance, repair and operation of facilities.Its Data Consist of:LocationFloor SpaceEquipmentAreas and roomsRefrigerationStorage FacilitiesGeneral utilities

The Hospital Pharmacist should be acquainted with the overall planning process. It consists of three parts:

1) Master program: : which sets forth goals and objectives

2) Functional Program: which specifies the operational demands upon its facilities.

3) Architectural design and equipment programming: which translates these into physical space, equipment and furnishings.

Points To Be Considered: Hospitals purpose and goals Pharmacy Objectives and Plan of Operation Functions to be Performed Workflow and Procedures Workload Work areas needed Personnel in each work area Space, shape, furniture, equipment, services needed in each work area Inter-relationship between work areas and pharmacy and between other

departments. Arrangement of work areas One or more schematic floor plans Effectiveness of each design Review of all above mentioned steps

LOCATION: It should be conveniently

placed to provide services to all departments and personnel.

The location does not matter, as long as it is convenient.

Concept of “Satellite Pharmacies” is being adopted.

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Accidents and Emergency Department Children's Outpatients Medical/ Oncology Day Unit Orthopaedic/ Fracture Clinic Outpatients Clinic Ward X-ray Department, MRI/ CT Suite Pharmacy

FLOOR SPACE: Requires a comprehensive analysis of pharmacy needs The Public Health Service Associates have recommended a floor

space in accordance with the number of beds:

AREA in square feet50 beds 100

beds200 beds

205 320 495

185 200125 200

120105

60

DEPARTMENTS

1- Compounding and Dispensing2- Parenteral 3- Storage4- Manufacturing5- Offices and Laboratories6- Circulation

EQUIPMENT:The necessary equipment should be available. Who’s responsibility is it?

Types Of Equipment:

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Fixed equipment – which require installation and become attached to building. Examples included are cabinets, counters, sinks, elevators, dumb-waiters, etc.

Moveable equipment - which are capable of being moved and are not permanently fixed to the building. Examples included are carts, desks, balances, mixers, etc.

Suggested equipment lists:“The Equipment Planning Branch” of the United States Public Health Service has prepared a suggested equipment list.The areas included are: Drug Distribution Out-Patient Pharmacy Manufacturing and Packaging Pharmacy substation Administration Control Drug Information Teaching etc.

Electrical Equipment Safety:Compliance with the N.F.P.A. (National Fire Protective Association) is

a start in the right direction.

X-ray machines

Monitoring equipment

Electric bed

AREAS AND ROOMS: There are many separate rooms and areas to organize the working.

Clean up area Pre-packaging area

Non-sterile mixing and filling room Injection reconstitution area

Injection reconstitution area

Labeling and inspection room:

This room must be adjacent to filling area

Unlabeled drug products can be transferred directly through a “PASS THROUGH WINDOW”

Appropriate space for labels, printing machine, forms, accessories.

Quarantine storage:

The manufactured and filled products in pharmacy are subject to quarantine until declared pass, after chemical and biological quality control testing.The finished products are directly transferred to the quarantine storage.

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Temperature controlled facilities:Storage requirements of drugs is important for their stability factor.Refrigerator:

Provides temperature between 2 ͦC- 8 ͦCCold Place:

Storage condition requiring temperature

not exceeding 8 ͦCCool Place:

Temperatures between 8 ͦ C – 15 ͦCRoom Temperature:

Temperatures between 15 ͦC – 30 ͦCExcessive Heat:

Temperatures above 40 ͦC.

In small hospitals, the refrigerator or

freezer or refrigerator with a built-in

freezer component provide the facility. For Large Hospitals, additional

refrigerators are used or is done

by borrowing space in the large

dietary ‘Walk –in iceboxes’ .

Environmental Controlled Facility- VENTILATION:Adequate ventilation should be provided to ensure comfort of the patients, personnel and public. Air-conditioning is a desirable feature because:It obviates the need of opening windows and doorsThe use of various autoclaves, steam jacketed

kettles and ovens may render the working

environment TOO HOT.Permits the maintenance of

temperature compatible with official

storage requirementsRemoves strong odors of various chemicalsReduces the cost of housekeeping

Electrical Lighting and Service: Essential for proper functioning

of pharmacy. Based on characteristics of

operation , location, environment. Sufficient lighting should be provided

for critical work areas like dispensing

area, manufacturing area, IV admixture

area, etc. Voltage requirement.

Conveyor and Pneumatic Tube Systems:Means of transport for nearly

all items from pharmacy to its

hospital destination.

Plumbing: The plans will properly specify:

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Acid- resistant piping

Distilled water lines and faucets

Adequate hot and cold water mixing valves

Stainless or soapstone sinks

Finishes: Work Counters: Stainless steel or some other material Material should not show peeling, distortion, erosion,

sticking, etc. Used for writing, dispensing, counting of drugs etc.

Floors: Should be resilient, smooth but not slippery, stain-resistant Floor covering used: asphalt, vinyl, rubber and heavy-duty linoleum. Carpets are also used Floor of manufacturing andparenteral rooms

Walls: Should be painted with a material which permits

periodic washing without loosing its original color.

In the manufacturing and parenteral solutions rooms, ceramic tile or other comparable material should be utilized.

Books for further reading: William Hassan, Hospital Pharmacy, Lee

& Febiger, Washington, 5thEd., 1986 N.I.Bukhari , Hospital Phamracy, Aziz

Book Depot, Lahore, Pakistan Mr.D.J. Patil, Hospital and Clinical

Phamracy, Nirali Parakshan, 2008 Dr.A.R. Paradakar, Pragati Books Pvt.

Ltd., 2008 Hospital Pharmacy, Martin Stephens,

Pharmaceutical Press, 201105/02/23

Hope you liked our presentation!

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