The Phrase and The Phrase and the Clausethe Clause

Phrases & ClausesPhrases & Clauses

The PhraseThe Phrase

Phrase Phrase – a group of related words that is – a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subjectnot contain both a verb and its subject

Could have been looking Could have been looking (no subject)(no subject) In the backyard In the backyard (no subject or verb)(no subject or verb) To reach the highest shelf To reach the highest shelf (no subject or (no subject or

verb)verb)

Phrases continued…Phrases continued… Note:Note:

A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence.A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence. They must be used with other words to They must be used with other words to

make a complete sentence.make a complete sentence.

Ex:Ex: Phrase:Phrase: in the box in the box Sentence:Sentence: We put the CD’s in the box. We put the CD’s in the box.

ClauseClause Note:Note: If a word group has both a subject and a If a word group has both a subject and a

verb, it’s called a verb, it’s called a clauseclause

Ex:Ex: The coyote howled. The coyote howled. (Coyote is the subject of (Coyote is the subject of

the verb howled.)the verb howled.) When Al left When Al left (Al is the subject of the verb left.)(Al is the subject of the verb left.)

Hint:Hint: A clause may or may not be a complete A clause may or may not be a complete sentence.sentence.

Practice Practice Identifying Phrases…Identifying Phrases…

Some people enjoy skiingSome people enjoy skiing Not a phraseNot a phrase Ski lifts are used for Alpine skiingSki lifts are used for Alpine skiing Not a phraseNot a phrase Down the snowy hillsDown the snowy hills phrasephrase During the raceDuring the race phrasephrase Maybe I can go next yearMaybe I can go next year Not a phraseNot a phrase With tiny snowflakes on my faceWith tiny snowflakes on my face phrasephrase

The Phrase and The Phrase and the Clausethe Clause

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases Prepositional phrasePrepositional phrase – includes a – includes a

preposition, the object of the preposition, preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that objectand any modifiers of that object

Prepositional phrases are one kind of phrasePrepositional phrases are one kind of phrase Prepositions show the relationship of a noun Prepositions show the relationship of a noun

or pronoun to another word in the sentenceor pronoun to another word in the sentence

Ex:Ex: Herbie walked Herbie walked to the storeto the store.. The girl The girl with black hairwith black hair is very kind. is very kind. On the porchOn the porch we found an old rocking chair. we found an old rocking chair.

Objects of the prepositionObjects of the preposition Object of the prepositionObject of the preposition – the noun or pronoun – the noun or pronoun

that follows a prepositionthat follows a preposition

Ex:Ex: The man The man from from SingaporeSingapore was giving a speech. was giving a speech. The preposition from shows the relationship The preposition from shows the relationship

between the object Singapore and the noun man.between the object Singapore and the noun man.

The tree The tree in front of thein front of the window window blocks our view. blocks our view. The compound preposition in front of shows the The compound preposition in front of shows the

relationship between the object window and the relationship between the object window and the noun tree. The modifies window.noun tree. The modifies window.

Please hand me the book Please hand me the book on the long, greenon the long, green table. table. The preposition on shows the relationship The preposition on shows the relationship

between the object table and the noun book. The between the object table and the noun book. The adjectives the, long, and green modify table.adjectives the, long, and green modify table.

Objects of the prepositionObjects of the preposition

Note:Note: A preposition may have more A preposition may have more than one objectthan one object

Ex:Ex: Aaron showed his arrowhead collection Aaron showed his arrowhead collection

to to TranhTranh and and her.her. The preposition The preposition to to has two objectshas two objects

The dinner consisted The dinner consisted of baked of baked chickenchicken, , salad,salad,and two and two vegegables.vegegables.

The preposition The preposition of of has three objectshas three objects

Practice …Practice … Identify the prepositional phrase and the objectIdentify the prepositional phrase and the object

Dinosaurs roamed across the earth Dinosaurs roamed across the earth sixty-five million years ago.sixty-five million years ago.

Across the Across the earthearth Although some of the dinosaurs were Although some of the dinosaurs were

enormous, others were quite small.enormous, others were quite small. Of the Of the dinosaursdinosaurs Many dinosaurs fed on plants and Many dinosaurs fed on plants and

vegetables.vegetables. On On plantsplants and and vegetablesvegetables Dinosaurs with sharp teeth ate flesh.Dinosaurs with sharp teeth ate flesh. With sharp With sharp teethteeth Some people in science claim that Some people in science claim that

birds are living dinosaurs.birds are living dinosaurs. In In sciencescience