The Phoenicians and the Lydians

Chapter 2

Section 5

Phoenicians

Loose union of city-states Sea was vital for trade

Little fertile land Surrounding mountains

made travel difficult Very skilled sailors

One of the greatest traders in the ancient world

Lumber Metals

Gold and silver Murex- shellfish used to

make a purple dye

Phoenicians

Peaked around 1000 B.C. Culture

Very similar to Babylonians and Egyptians

Religion Very focused on winning the

favor of the gods In some cases, children were

sacrificed Usually following natural

disasters Writing

Phoencian Alphabet- became the model for Western alphabets

Phoenicians

Never established a major empire, but the Phoenician alphabet was a major contribution Greeks and Romans

adopted the alphabet Conquered by the

Assyrians

Lydians

Peaked around 600 B.C. Makes up what is today

the Asia Minor (present-day Turkey)

Major contribution: coined money Why was this so

important? No longer had to rely on

bartering for trade Their development of a

money economy spread across the ancient world

The Origins of Judaism

Chapter 2

Section 6                                                    

Hebrews

Ancestors of the modern Jews Inhabited Canaan

Small strip of land south of Phoenicia

See map on p. 41 Abraham

Founder of the Hebrew people Jacob

Grandson of Abraham Had 12 sons

Each established a tribe Twelve Tribes of Israel

Exodus

Due to droughts, the Hebrews left Canaan and traveled to Egypt Lived peacefully in Egypt for

some time Eventually fell out of favor of

the Egyptians Why?

Most scholars believe that the Hebrews may have come to Egypt with the Hyksos

When the Egyptians expelled the Hyksos in 1200 B.C., they held the Hebrews as slaves

Exodus

Hebrews held as slaves for over 400 years

Moses Led the Hebrews from slavery

(Exodus) Led the Hebrews into the

desserts of the Sinai Peninsula The Ten Commandments

Moses climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai and returned with tablets containing the commandments

Inspired, Moses set out to claim Canaan

Activity

Read the Ten Commandments on p. 45

Write a response to each commandment explaining why the rule would help to preserve the Hebrew community

Use complete sentences 10 pts.

Hint: Covet – desiring goods belonging to others

Founding of Israel

Resistance in Canaan Canaanites in the north

Conquered by the Hebrews Philistines in the south

Driven out by the Hebrews, but never fully conquered

During the fighting, the 12 Tribes united under a single kingdom- Israel Saul 1st king David succeeded Saul and

made Jerusalem a religious center

Solomon brought Israel to its height in wealth in power

Divided Kingdom

After Solomon’s death in the late 900’s B.C., the kingdom divided due to struggles for political power Northern tribes formed the

kingdom of Israel Southern tribes formed the

kingdom of Judah Lacking unity and strength,

the two kingdoms were conquered 722 B.C. Assyrians

conquered Israel 587 B.C. Chaldeans

conquered Judah

Freedom

When Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Chaldeans, he allowed the Hebrews to return to their homeland

The Hebrews rebuilt Jerusalem Torah- The first 5 books

of the Old Testament Includes the Hebrew

code of Laws

Judaism

Yahweh Hebrew God Spiritual force, not a glorified human or

nature Political rulers had no claims to divinity

According to the Ten Commandments, only Yahweh is divine

Monotheistic Ethical monotheism

Emphasizes ethics, or proper conduct Carried over to the founding of

Christianity Judeo-Christian ethics similar values

One of the most important contributions to Western civilization

Dead Sea Scrolls

Ancient manuscripts Date back to the 100’s B.C. Detailing the history and principles of Judaism

Activity/HW

Section 6 Review P. 47

#3 #4 c and d only

Ch. 2 Review P. 48 Writing About History

ONLY COMPLETE THE CHART DO NOT WRITE A REPORT

Unless you want to : )