THE PERIODONTIUM - APP Eldof3a€¦ · periodontium cementum alveolar process periodontal ligament...
Transcript of THE PERIODONTIUM - APP Eldof3a€¦ · periodontium cementum alveolar process periodontal ligament...
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THE PERIODONTIUM
Stomatognathic
physiology
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Components
Two hard and two soft tissues
PERIODONTIUM
CEMENTUMALVEOLAR PROCESS
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
GINGIVA
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Gingiva
Marginal gingiva forms a collar around the cervical margins of the teeth.
Attached gingiva acts as a protective covering for the alveolar process.
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Gingiva
Contain mechanoreceptors for touch and pressure (Stereognosis).
These receptors regulate mandibular movement & influence ability of edentulous patients to accommodate and use artificial dentures.
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Cementum.
It is an avascularmineralized connective tissue covering the dentin of roots. Cementum undergoes limited remodeling, and resists resorption under normal occlusal forces.
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Alveolar process
highly vascularized and mineralized connective tissue.
Remodeling comprises change in number and orientation of bone trabeculae and change in mineralization.
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Periodontal Ligament
It is a layer of highly active, vascularized, and innervated connective tissue rich of cellular elements.
Cells of the ligament are osteoblasts, osteoclasts cementoblasts, fibroblasts, and epithelial and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
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Functions of periodontal
ligament
Attachment of tooth root to its bony socket.
Absorption of occlusal force.
Permission of adaptive tooth movements.
Provision of sensory input to control mandibular movements.
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Sensory input of the periodontal
ligament
Two receptors
Two neurons
pain receptors
mechanoreceptors
Multiple objects
Single object
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Functions of the Mechanoreceptors
Tactile sensibility. 10 micron for natural
Load sensibility. 1:8 (ant. : post.)
Sudden disocclusion.
Silent period initiation. (muscle pausing)
Limit the maximal clenching force that can be developed between antagonistic teeth.
Modification of the mandibular closure.
Modify swallowing patterns, habits and speech
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