The Periodic Table YOU WILL WRITE WHAT IS RED INTO YOUR NOTES.
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Transcript of The Periodic Table YOU WILL WRITE WHAT IS RED INTO YOUR NOTES.
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
YOU WILL WRITE WHAT IS RED YOU WILL WRITE WHAT IS RED INTO YOUR NOTES INTO YOUR NOTES
Why is the Periodic Table important?Why is the Periodic Table important?
• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.
• It allows predictions about how a substance or element will react.
• It organizes a lot of useful information about all the known elements.
Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …
• …was a mess!!!• No organization of
elements.• Imagine going to a grocery
store with no organization!!• Difficult to find information.• Chemistry didn’t make
sense.
Dmitri Mendeleev:Dmitri Mendeleev:Father of the Table Father of the Table Mendeleev videovideo
HOW HIS WORKED…• Put elements in rows
by increasing atomic weight.
• Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.
SOME PROBLEMS…• He left blank spaces for
what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)
• He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.
The Current Periodic TableThe Current Periodic Table
• Mendeleev wasn’t too far off.• Now the elements are put in rows by increasing Now the elements are put in rows by increasing
ATOMIC NUMBER!!ATOMIC NUMBER!!• The horizontal rows are called periods and are The horizontal rows are called periods and are
labeled from 1 to 7.labeled from 1 to 7.• The vertical columns are called groups are The vertical columns are called groups are
labeled from 1 to 18.labeled from 1 to 18.
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Groups…Here’s Where the Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!Periodic Table Gets Useful!!
• Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!
• (Mendeleev did that on purpose.)
Why??• They have the same
number of valence valence electrons; electrons; the electrons located on the outer orbital.
Valance ElectronsValance Electrons
• Looking at your Periodic Table’s columns, what element is this?
Families on the Periodic TableFamilies on the Periodic Table• Columns are grouped into
families; Valence ElectronsValence Electrons• Families have names rather
than numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)
Families
Knowledge Keeps you AliveKnowledge Keeps you Alive
• By understanding where the elements By understanding where the elements are located in the periodic table, you can are located in the periodic table, you can make very experienced predictions as to make very experienced predictions as to how they will act with other element or how they will act with other element or compounds.compounds.
Professor Hunter
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
• Hydrogen is a explosive, reactive gas.
• Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.
• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
Hindenburg Video
Colour Hydrogen Brown on your P.T.Colour Hydrogen Brown on your P.T.
Alkali Metals Alkali Metals (1 Valance e(1 Valance e--)) • 1st column on the periodic
table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.
• Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt)
• Ex. NaCl or KCl• Soft enough to cut with a butter
knife
Brainiacs Brainiacs Alkali Metals Video
Colour the Alkali Family BlueColour the Alkali Family Blue
VideoVideo
Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline Earth Metals (2 Valance e(2 Valance e--))
• Second column on the Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2)periodic table. (Group 2)
• Reactive metals that are Reactive metals that are always combined with always combined with nonmetals in nature.nonmetals in nature.
• Several of these elements Several of these elements are important mineral are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)Ca)Colour the Alkaline Earth Family GreyColour the Alkaline Earth Family Grey
Video Start at 35sVideo Start at 35s
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
• Elements in groups 3-12.Elements in groups 3-12.• We don’t need to know We don’t need to know
them at this time…them at this time…
Boron Family (B) Boron Family (B) (3 Valance e(3 Valance e--))
• Elements below Boron.Elements below Boron.• Aluminum metal was once rare and Aluminum metal was once rare and
expensive, not a “disposable metal.”expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
VideoVideo
Colour the Boron Family PurpleColour the Boron Family Purple
Carbon Family (C) Carbon Family (C) (4 Valance e(4 Valance e--)) • Elements below CARBON. Elements below CARBON. • Contains elements important Contains elements important
to life and computers.to life and computers.• Carbon is the basis for an Carbon is the basis for an
entire branch of chemistry.entire branch of chemistry.• Silicon and Germanium are Silicon and Germanium are
important semiconductors.important semiconductors.
Colour the Carbon Family RedColour the Carbon Family Red
Nitrogen Family Nitrogen Family (5 Valance e(5 Valance e--)) • Elements below Nitrogen.Elements below Nitrogen.• Nitrogen makes up 78 % Nitrogen makes up 78 %
of the atmosphere.of the atmosphere.• Nitrogen and phosphorus Nitrogen and phosphorus
are both important in are both important in living things.living things.
Colour the Nitrogen Family OrangeColour the Nitrogen Family Orange
Oxygen Family Oxygen Family (6 Valance e(6 Valance e--))
• Elements below Oxygen.Elements below Oxygen.• Oxygen is necessary for Oxygen is necessary for
respiration (energy)respiration (energy)• Many things that stink, Many things that stink,
contain sulfur (rotten contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks, etc.) eggs, garlic, skunks, etc.)
Leave the Oxygen Family WhiteLeave the Oxygen Family White
VideoVideo
Halogens Group Halogens Group (7 Valance e(7 Valance e--))
• Elements below Fluorine.Elements below Fluorine.• Very reactive, volatile Very reactive, volatile
nonmetals.nonmetals.• Always Always found combined found combined
with other element in with other element in nature .nature .Video Video
Colour the Noble Family YellowColour the Noble Family Yellow
• Elements below Helium.Elements below Helium.• VERY unreactive, VERY unreactive,
monatomic gasesmonatomic gases• Used in lighted “neon” signs.• Used in blimps to fix the
Hindenberg problem.• Have a full valence shell.Have a full valence shell.
The Noble GasesThe Noble Gases (8 Valance e(8 Valance e--, except He with 2 valence e, except He with 2 valence e--))
VideoVideo
Colour the Noble Gas Family GreenColour the Noble Gas Family GreenTable SongTable Song
Making MoleculesMaking Molecules
Molecules are MULTI-ATOM particles.Molecules are MULTI-ATOM particles.• They are the smallest particle of a substance They are the smallest particle of a substance
that still keeps the characteristic properties that still keeps the characteristic properties of that substance.of that substance.
• It is composed of 2 or more It is composed of 2 or more atomsatoms..
• A compound forms when two or more A compound forms when two or more elementselements are bonded. are bonded.
How do they stay together?How do they stay together?
• Because atoms are made of electrical Because atoms are made of electrical charges (positives and negatives); they are charges (positives and negatives); they are either attracted to each other, or repelled either attracted to each other, or repelled from one another – like magnets.from one another – like magnets.
• The atom’s valance electrons dictate which The atom’s valance electrons dictate which element it will be attracted to. element it will be attracted to.
Simple Bonding video 15 secSimple Bonding video 15 sec
Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas• The elements found in chemical formulas easily The elements found in chemical formulas easily
show which elements are present and how many.show which elements are present and how many.• By either knowing an elements symbol, or having By either knowing an elements symbol, or having
a periodic table around you can make excellent a periodic table around you can make excellent choices as to what is found in each molecule or choices as to what is found in each molecule or compound.compound.
WaterWaterMoleculeMolecule
2 Hydrogen Atoms 2 Hydrogen Atoms
1 Oxygen Atoms 1 Oxygen Atoms
= H= H22OO
Name the Elements in the MoleculeName the Elements in the Molecule• Name the following compounds:• 1) NaBr ______________• 2) CaO ______________• 3) Li2S _______________
• 4) MgBr2 _____________
• 5) NO2 ______________
• 6) SO3 _______________
• 7) N2S _______________
• 8) PH3 _______________
• 9) BF3 _______________
• 10) P2Br4 _____________
• 11) CO ___________• 12) SiO2 __________
• 13) SF6 ___________
• 14) NH3 ___________
• 15) C6H12O6 ___________
• 16) Be(OH)2 ___________
Drawing Molecules: Valence ElectronsDrawing Molecules: Valence Electrons
• NaCl
• CaO
Your turn:
NaBrCaS Li2SMgBr2
Family RelationshipsFamily Relationships1a) What are the 7 Alkali Metals that will easily bond with 1a) What are the 7 Alkali Metals that will easily bond with
Fluorine?Fluorine? Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
b) What other elements in the Halogen Family with bond with b) What other elements in the Halogen Family with bond with any of the Alkali Metals?any of the Alkali Metals?
Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine
c) Will any of the Elements in the Alkaline Earth Metals bond c) Will any of the Elements in the Alkaline Earth Metals bond with any of the Halogens? Explain.with any of the Halogens? Explain.
Sure. Because all of the A.E.M.s have 2 valence electrons,
any two of the halogens would bond with any of them.
How about Carbon?How about Carbon?
• From what you understand, how many atoms From what you understand, how many atoms could bond with Carbon? Explaincould bond with Carbon? Explain Carbon Video
Separation of Mixtures PowerPoint