The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

The Table in General

• Columns – Called _________________– Elements in a family have similar __________

& ______________ properties– As you go from the top to the bottom of the

column the elements get _______________.

Draw an arrow down Column 1

The Table in General• Rows

– Called _______________– First element in a period is a very _________

____________________________________– Last element in a family is a very _________

____________________________________– Elements get less _______ as you move right

• Reactive means to loose electrons

– Elements become less __________________ as you move to the right

Draw an arrow across period 4

Alkali Metals

• ________ electron in the valence shell– Valence means the ____________ shell

• Soft less dense metals• Most reactive of all metal

– Reactive means ___________________

• React with __________ to form bases• Never found free, ________, in nature• Used to make soap, salt, baking soda

Alkaline Earth Metals

• _______ electrons in the valance shell

• Harder, higher melting point, more dense than ___________ (column 1)

• Very reactive

• Never found free in nature

• Free means_____________________ ______________________________

Transition ElementsCircle any element in this area that you can

name a use for.

Transition Elements• ___________ conductors of heat and electricity• Higher melting point than first two families• The first two families are:

1. _________________ 2. _______________• Some are ____________ & _______________ • Some combine with oxygen to form oxides• Form brightly colored compounds• List items that are made from transition elements:

___________________________________________

_____________________________________________

Rare Earth Elements

• 1st Row Lanthanide Series– Soft, malleable, great conductors, used to make alloys:

___________________________________________________________

• 2nd Row Actinide Series – all but three are synthetic: _____________________________.– Box the ones you know. What are they used for?

___________________________________________________________

Boron Family

• Three electrons in the valance shell• The valence shell is the ____________

____________________________________• Collection of "odd ducks"

– boron is a metalloid – aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium are poor

metals

• Aluminum is the ______________ most abundant element on earth.

Carbon Family

• ___________ valence electrons• Form organic compounds

– Organic means ___________________

• Silicon is the _______________ most abundant element on earth

• Tin resists Oxidation and Corrosion– Oxidation is ______________________– Corrosion is ______________________

• Lead is very dense and poisons

Nitrogen Family

• Five electrons in the Valance shell.

• Stable which means it does not ______________________________

• Nitrogen is the most abundant in earths atmosphere. Uses: Fertilizer, dyes, explosives Ex NH3 (Ammonia)

• Phosphorus: _______________

• Arsenic: Rat Poison

Oxygen Family

• ____________ outer electrons • Oxygen _________________, which

means that _____________________ and is very reactive, combines with many other elements

• Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: __________, which means that ______ _______________________________ combine easily with other elements

Halogen Family

• ___________ valence electrons.

• Most chemically reactive ____________

• Never found free or _________ in nature

• ________ melting and boiling point

• As gases they form diatomic elements ex. F2, Cl2

• Diatomic means that _______________ ________________________________

Noble Gas Family

• _______ valance shell, He 2 electrons Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn all have 8 electrons

• Inert means it ___________________ ______________________________

• He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in windows, Xe- photographic lamps, Rn- Treats cancer

Hydrogen (no family)

• _____________ valance electron

• Highly reactive which means _______ ______________________________

• Highly combustible which means ____ ______________________________

• Colorless odorless gas at room temperature

Follow the following directions.

• Draw in the step ladder.

• Mark the Metalloids with diagonal lines.

• Mark the non-metals with dots.

• Be sure that the key on the next slide is filled in with the color and the name of the family.

Periodic Table Key__________________________________

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Properties of a metal. • Physical

– Superior electric and thermal conductivity– High luster– High density– MalleableExamples of these types of metals________________________________________________– Some metals are reactive, low density, low

hardness, low melting pointExamples of these types of metals________________________________________________

Properties of a metal.

• Chemical– Form ________________ charges ions– Oxidize easily: Oxidation is to ____________.– React with acid. For example_____________

______________________________________– Some react with water to form a base.

For example____________________________

Properties of a non-metal

• Chemical– Form ____________ charged ions

• Physical– Brittle when solid– Most are _____________ & ______________

(Bromine is a liquid)– Not thermally or electrically conductive– Lower melting points and boiling points than

metals

• Vertical lines______________________________

• Horizontal rows____________________________

• Elements on the zigzag______________________

• Elements on the top right____________________

• 1 valance electron reactive family______________

• 2 valance electron reactive family______________

• 3-12 families ______________________________

• Elements that form salts_____________________

• Elements that do not react___________________

• Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic table___________________________________

• Element that is all alone_____________________

Read the Element

77

IrIridium

192.217

9

6

28183215

2

Example Element

1. Element: _______________2. Symbol: ________________3. Atomic mass: _____________4. Atomic number:______________5. Family: _______________6. Period: ____________7. Number of total electrons: _________8. Number of valance electrons: _______