The perfect tense (Le Pass é Composé)
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Transcript of The perfect tense (Le Pass é Composé)
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The perfect tenseThe perfect tense(Le Pass(Le Passé Composé) é Composé)
1- Use and formation1- Use and formation2- Perfect with Avoir2- Perfect with Avoir3- Perfect with Être3- Perfect with Être4-Time expressions4-Time expressions
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1-Use and formation • This tense is used to describe a
single completed action in the past.
• It needs 2 parts: the auxiliary or helping verb (avoir or être in the present) and the past participle.
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In English….• How to say things in English in the
past tense?• Ex: to play
1. I….2. I…3. I…
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Did you get it correct?
•I have played•I did play•I have played
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The passé composé tense is a compound
tense!because it is made up of more than
one part. It is COMPOSED OF TWO THINGS!
A HELPING VERB AND A PAST PARTICIPLE!
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For most verbs it is made up of the present tense of
avoir…• J’ai…• Tu as…• Il/elle/on a…• Nous avons…• Vous avez…• Ils/elles ont…• We call this the auxiliary [helping] verb
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…and a ‘past participle’• J’ai mangé- I have eaten (I ate, I did eat)• Tu as vu- You have seen (you saw, you did see)• Il/elle/on a dansé- She danced, (did dance, has
danced)• Nous avons vendu- We sold, (did sell, have sold)• Vous avez acheté- You bought (did buy, have
bought) • Ils/elles ont fini- They finished,(did finish, have
finished)
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Regular past participles• The past participle of a verb is the form
that generally corresponds to the –ed ending in English (played, changed, finished…)
• -ER verbs end in –é (manger mangé)• -RE verbs end in –u (vendre vendu)• -IR verbs end in –i (finir fini)
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2-Avoir verbs • Most verbs use the auxiliary avoir . • The endings always stay the same.
-ER -RE -IRREGARDER VENDRE FINIR
J’ai regardé vendu finiTu as regardé vendu finiIl, Elle, On a regardé vendu finiNous avons regardé vendu finiVous avez regardé vendu finiIls, Elles ont regardé vendu fini
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Some Irregular past participles
Avoir-to have (j’ai eu/I had), Être-to be (j’ai été/I was), Faire-to do, make (j’ai fait/I did)
Ending in “it”: Ending in “ert”:Dire (j’ai dit/I said) Offrir (j’ai offert/I offered) Écrire (j’ai écrit/I wrote) Ouvrir (j’ai ouvert/I opened) Ending in “is”:Mettre (j’ai mis/I put)Promettre (j’ai promis/I promised)Permettre (j’ai permis/I permitted)Prendre (j’ai pris/I took)(Apprendre-compris/learned/Comprendre-compris/understood)
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More Irregular Past participles!
Ending in “u”: Boire (j’ai bu/I drank)Courir (j’ai couru/I ran)Pouvoir (j’ai pu/I could)Vivre (j’ai vécu/I lived)Voir (j’ai vu/I saw)*****Vouloir (j’ai voulu/I wanted)
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3- Être verbs• There are some verbs that use the
auxiliary verb (helping verb) être.• In that case, the past participle
agrees with the subject (masculine, feminine, singular or plural endings).
• ONLY ÊTRE VERBS AGREE!!!!!!
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Remember Être? • Je suis • tu es • elle est • nous sommes • vous êtes • ils sont
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Être verbs agree! -ER -RE -IR ALLER DESCENDRE PARTIR
Je suis allé(e) descendu(e) parti(e)Tu es allé(e) descendu(e) parti(e)Il,Elle, On est allé(e) descendu(e) parti(e)Nous sommes allé(e)s descendu(e)s parti(e)sVous êtes allé(e)(s) descendu(e)(s) parti(e)(s)Ils, Elles sont allé(e)s descendu(e)s parti(e)s
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List of Être verbs-using Dr. & Mrs. Vandertrampp
• Devenir (to become) devenu(e)(s)• Retourner (to return) retourné(e)(s)• Monter (to go up) monté(e)(s)• Rentrer (to return) rentré(e)(s)• Sortir (to go out) sorti(e)(s)• Venir (to come) venu(e)(s)• Arriver(to arrive) arrivé(e)(s)• Naître (to be born) né(e)(s)• Descendre (to get off/go down) descendu(e)(s)• Entrer (to enter) entré(e)(s)• Rester (to stay) resté(e)(s)• Tomber (to fall) tombé(e)(s)• Revenir (to come back) revenu(e)(s)• Aller (to go) allé(e)(s)• Mourir (to die) mort(e)(s)• Partir (to leave) parti(e)(s)• Passer (to pass by) passé(e)(s)
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Another way to remember ÊTRE is the ÊTRE song!
(to the tune of the ABC song)• Allé• Arrivé• Descendu• Devenu• Entré• Monté• Mort• Né• Parti• Passé• Rentré• Resté• Retourné• Revenu• Sorti• Tombé ET • Venu
“Ce sont les participes passés, ce sont les mots que je connais!”
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REMEMBER: Être verbs must agree!
• For example: Elle est venue• Nous sommes arrivés
But when we used avoir, there was NO agreement…
• Elle a choisi• Nous avons parlé
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So you can remember the 17 Être verbs with Dr. & Mrs. Vandertramp, the Être house/hospital or with the
Être song! • Devenir• Revenir
• Mourir• Rester• Sortir
• Venir• Aller• Naître• Descendre• Entrer• Retourner• Tomber• Rentrer• Arriver• Monter• Partir• Passer
AlléArrivéDescenduDevenuEntréMontéMortNéPartiPasséRentréRestéRetournéRevenuSortiTombé ET Venu
“Ce sont les participes passés, ce sont les mots que je connais!”
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So this is the process…
Find the French verb
Ask yourself: does it take être?[That is, is it reflexive or one of the être list
verbs?] If not, use AVOIR in the present tense, and add your past participle. If yes, use ETRE in the present tense and add the
possibly morphed past participle!
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If the answer is ‘yes, it uses être’
• For example… ‘Christine fell..’ …• To fall = tomber = être list verb• Find the subject of the verb: • Christine• Use the present tense of être to agree with
Christine• Christine est• Work out the past participle and make it agree• tombée• So we get: Christine est tombée
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Être Verbs: Now you try!
Translate: 1. I went to the doctor this morning.2. I left school late. 3. I fell at the train station.4. I arrived with my sister.
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Reflexive verbs- (French 2 will get these in the
spring!) • All reflexive verbs use the auxiliary être in the
perfect tense.Se lever (to get up)
Je me suis levé(e)Tu t’es levé(e)Il,Elle,On s’est levé(e)Nous nous sommes levé(e)sVous vous êtes levé(e)(s)Ils,Elles se sont levé(e)s
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4- Time expressions• L’année dernière (last year)• Avant-hier (the day before yesterday)• Hier (yesterday)• Hier matin/soir (yesterday morning/evening)• Pendant les dernières vacances (during the
last holidays)• La semaine dernière (last week)• Le week-end dernier (last week-end)