• 2002 ANNUAL REPORT •

THE PEREGRINE FUNDWORLD CENTER FOR BIRDS OF PREY

• 2002 ANNUAL REPORT •

THE PEREGRINE FUNDWORLD CENTER FOR BIRDS OF PREY

Working to Conserve Birds of Prey inNature

the peregrine fund

WORLD CENTER

FOR BIRDS OF PREY

2002 annual report

Letter from the PresidentProducing maximum results from dollars invested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Northern Aplomado Falcon Restoration Field crews rise to the challenge of identifying individual falcons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

California Condor ProgramFrom shootings to nesting attempts, the ups and downs of condor restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Gerald D. and Kathryn S. Herrick Collections BuildingLibrary, Archives, and specimen holdings move to new quarters at the World Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Archives of American FalconryDonors and visitors celebrate the new James N. Rice Wing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Student EducationWe provide opportunities around the globe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Scientific Publications and PresentationsResearchers endeavor to close the gap between data gathered and results published . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Research LibraryNew library space now includes cyberspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Specimen CollectionDozens of raptor species available for study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Education ProgramWe reached more than 31,000 children and adults in 2002 . . . . . . . . 10

Captive BreedingRecovery programs depend on our propagation expertise . . . . . . . . . . . 11

High Arctic InstituteSatellite technology offers new data on falcons’ whereabouts . . . . . . . . 12

Neotropical Raptor Conservation ProgramFirst Harpy Eagle Symposium, falcon research, and much more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Pan-Africa Raptor Conservation ProgramFrom the Cape Verde islands to the Bale Mountains, research and intervention continue . . . . . . . . . 20

Asia-Pacific Raptor Conservation ProgramWe focus on threatened island species, the decline of vultures, and training in Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . 26

Financials and DonorsYour partnership is vital to continuing our work around the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

©2003 Edited by Bill Burnham and PatBurnham. Photo Editor Jack Cafferty.Design ©2003 by Amy Siedenstrang.

Thanks to Robert Bateman and MillPond Press, Inc. for cover artwork.

Production costs donated by members of the Board of Directors of The Peregrine Fund.

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Since its founding in 1970, The Peregrine Fund had six Chairmenof the Board prior to the fall 2002 Board of Directors meeting whenPaxson H. Offield was elected into that role. Tom J. Cade is, ofcourse, the Founding Chairman as well as the founder of the organi-zation. Following Tom as Chairman of the Board of Directors wereRoy E. Disney (1990-92), Gerald D. Herrick (1992-94), Julie A.Wrigley (1994-96), Henry M. Paulson, Jr. (1996-2000), and D. JamesNelson (2000-02). The organization has been extremely fortunate tohave had such a capable and prestigious group of chairmen, each ofwhom has left his or her own personal signature on the organizationand contributed to our long list of accomplishments. Mr. Offield is yetanother very accomplished, dedicated, and caring person to join thiselite group.

The standards and expectations for each board member, and theBoard of Directors as a functioning body, are high, just as they are forthe staff and annual operation and achievements of the organization.Board members are elected for four-year terms with a maximum of twoterms followed by at least one year off the Board. There is no compensa-tion paid to Board members for their participation; instead each member is expected to contribute financially each year.Current Board members are from the United States, Panama, Great Britain, and Taiwan. Each has been carefully selectedbased on his or her personal abilities and knowledge. Their backgrounds are diverse, as are their national and internationalperspectives. Weekly interactions between Board members and staff occur. Beyond Board committee conference calls, thereare two full board meetings annually that are typically held where projects occur, including international locations, soBoard members can see projects first hand and better evaluate what is being attempted and accomplished.

Over the past months there have been serious questions raised about corporate boards and their fulfilling the properstrategic, oversight, and fiduciary roles for shareholders. The importance of non-profit boards is no less important and possi-bly of even greater importance to the potential success or failure of organizations. Stock is not sold for non-profits and thereare no shareholders per se, but just the same we also do have investors. They are the annual contributors to The PeregrineFund. Every donation, regardless of amount, is an investment provided with the belief it will produce a return in the formof results. The Peregrine Fund Board and staff take this responsibility very seriously. Particularly during these difficult finan-cial times, focus, planning, and careful and effective execution of action are even more important to producing maximumresults from dollars invested. There is no margin for error.

We proudly present this annual report summarizing our achievements.

Sincerely,

Bill BurnhamPresident

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Letter from the President

MadagascarAristide AndrianarimisaAdrien BatouBerthin BeNoel Augustin BonhommeEloi (Lala) FanamehaJoseph KakailahyLoukman KalavahaEugéne LadoanyJules MampiandraMôiseCharles (Vola) Rabearivelo Jeanneney RabearivonyBerthine RafarasoaNorbert (Velo) RajaonariveloJeannette RajesyGérard RakotondravaoYves RakotonirinaGaston RaoelisonChristophe RazafimahatratraJoseph RandrianasoloGilbert RazafimanjatoLova Jacquot RazanakotoLily-Arison Rene de RolandGilbert Tohaky

PanamaFrancisco BarriosMarta CurtiPróspero Gaitán Margarita GordonNoel GuerraYanina GuevaraKathia HerreraMagaly LinaresJosé de Los Santos LópezAngel MuelaBolívar RodríguezSaskia SantamaríaNadia SuredaJosé de Jesús VargasJolanta de Villarreal

AsiaMartin GilbertAsim Muhammad

MexicoJulio César Gallardo Del AngelAlberto Macías-DuarteJosé Roberto Rodríguez Salazar

AfricaRon HartleySimon ThomsettMunir Virani

The Peregrine Fund StaffThe organization’s business-related activities are supported by PatBurnham (Administrator), Carol Pettersen and Donna Daniels (book-keeping), and Sherri Haley (Secretary/Receptionist). Linda Behrmanis our Membership Director and manages our website. Jack Caffertyis our Program Executive. Amy Siedenstrang is our Graphic Artistand Rob Rose is our GIS and Information Science Specialist.

Linda BehrmanRoger BenefieldRoy BrittonBill BurnhamKurt K. BurnhamPat BurnhamJack CaffertyCraig CarpenterJeff CilekDonna DanielsErin GottSherri HaleyBill HeinrichGrainger Hunt

J. Peter JennyPaul JuergensLloyd KiffLynda LeppertPaul MaloneKim MiddletonAngel MontoyaAmel MusticBrian MutchTrish NixonSophie OsbornChris ParishCarol PettersenDalibor Pongs

Rob RoseCal SandfortAmy SiedenstrangBrook SimsRandy StevensRussell ThorstromRandy TownsendRick WatsonDavid Whitacre

ArchivistS. Kent Carnie

International Staff

United States

Paxson Offield, Chairman of the Board, with hisdaughter Kelsey.

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J. Peter JennyThe Northern Aplomado Fal-con once nested within abroad swath across the south-western United States, butdisappeared from this portionof its range by the mid-20thcentury from causes that arestill poorly understood. ThePeregrine Fund is workingtoward the recovery of theNorthern Aplomado Falcon.

To accomplish this, we developed a captive breeding flockwith 25 nestlings collected in Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche,and Chiapas, Mexico. The propagation of this species remainschallenging, highly technical, and labor intensive, with muchof the production the result of artificial insemination. Despitethese challenges, a total of 812 captive-bred falcons have beenreleased in Texas, resulting in the formation of at least 37adult and subadult pairs, where prior to 1995 there werenone. Moreover, these pairs are now beginning to breed, andhave successfully fledged more than 87 young. Releases haveoccurred on Laguna Atascosa, Matagorda Island, and AransasNational Wildlife Refuges, and on private property. Our expe-rience with the Aplomado Falcon has shown that habitatdescriptions gleaned from historical sources were often quitedifferent from the contemporary habitats selected by thereleased falcons. For the Aplomado Falcon, “historical” habi-

tat and “suitable” habitat may be very differentin highly modified contemporary land-

scapes. The falcons are being releasedunder a “Safe Harbor” designa-

tion of the Endangered Species Act, and more than 1.5 mil-lion acres are enrolled in the program.

We are working toward the recovery of the NorthernAplomado Falcon by establishing two populations, each withseveral subpopulations determined by the spatial arrangementof suitable areas of falcon habitat. One is a coastal populationoccupying habitats from Matagorda Island National WildlifeRefuge south along the Texas coast and down into the Mexi-can state of Tamaulipas. Currently this reintroduced popula-tion consists of two known subpopulations, one on MatagordaIsland and the other centered around Laguna AtascosaNational Wildlife Refuge, including one known pair acrossthe border in Mexico. Our expectation is to enlarge the dis-tribution and size of this population to the degree possible incoastal Texas, but also southward into Mexico, until there areat least 50 nesting pairs (territories). Similarly, we would liketo see at least 50 nesting pairs in the Chihuahuan desertregion of Mexico and the U.S. (southeastern Arizona, south-western New Mexico, western Texas). Currently there aretwo known, naturally occurring subpopulations in northernChihuahua—approximately five to 10 pairs at Tinaja Verdeand 20 to 25 pairs at El Sueco, plus a few scattered pairsnorthward toward the U.S. border. When the two popula-tions each exceed 50 breeding pairs, and in consideration ofthe substantial known populations to the south in subtropicalMexico, we believe delisting of the subspecies should occur.

■ 2002 RESULTSDuring the spring and summer of 2002, we produced 121

young from 32 captive pairs of Aplomado Falcons in Boise.Ten young were held back to augment the captive breedingpopulation, now totaling 46 pairs. We released 110 young fal-cons by hacking at seven sites along the Texas Gulf Coast,and at two sites in West Texas. Our biologists consider a fal-

con to be successfully released when it has become independ-ent of our care, a process usually taking three to six weeks.The rate of success for releases has averaged 66% during thelast five years. Sources of predation include the raccoon, coy-ote, Crested Caracara, and Great Horned Owl. This year thesuccess rate was 68%. We began releases for the first time inWest Texas by hacking 35 falcons on two private ranchesnear Valentine. Although Great Horned Owls contributed tosome losses, at least 25 young (71%) reached independence.

This year biologists located some 36 pairs of AplomadoFalcons in South Texas, and for the first time, we found apair in adjacent Tamaulipas, Mexico. We have always sus-pected that falcons released in South Texas were movingsouth across the border to colonize suitable habitat in Mex-ico, but this is the first solid proof that this is actually takingplace. Twenty-seven pairs (73%) attempted to breed, suc-cessfully fledging 32 young. Nests were located on a varietyof structures, both manmade and natural, including suchnovel structures as microwave towers. We received assistanceagain this year from American Electric Power Companywhose power poles provide excellent nest sites for the fal-cons, and with their help we were able to band young anderect artificial nesting structures. Two core breeding areashave developed as a result of our release efforts. We areobserving 13 pairs on and around Matagorda IslandNational Wildlife Refuge, and a second group of 24 pairsapproximately 150 miles to the south on and aroundLaguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge and just acrossthe U.S./Mexico border in coastal Tamaulipas. Predationwas significant, as in previous years, with more than half ofthe breeding pairs experiencing nest predation. One pairthat failed in an attempt to nest on the ground was able tonest a second time successfully when our biologists providedan artificial nest structure.

Northern Aplomado Falcon Restoration

Staff-Program Direction, Peter Jenny; Coordination, BillHeinrich; Captive Breeding, Cal Sandfort; Senior Scien-tist, Grainger Hunt; Field Biologists: Brian Mutch, AngelMontoya, Erin Gott, Jessi Brown, Marta Curti, andAlberto Macias; Veterinary Support, Bruce Rideout;Hack Site Attendants: Ken Jessen, Paul Mueller, Chris

Gordon, Ben Rogers, Sara Carine, Emma Christensen, Chasidy Yu, Phaedra Demers, Anna Welch, JessieLoerch, Megan Martz, Jennifer Reidy, Chris Buelow, Jenna Garvey. Emily Swim, and Jennifer Peterson;Field Technicians, Mexico: Julio César Gallardo Del Angel and José Roberto Rodriguez Salazar.Cooperators-We cooperate with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Secretaria de MedioAmbiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), PROFAUNA, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,T and E., Inc., and Alberto Lafon Terrazas of the Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua, and receive sup-

To establish a self-sustain-ing wild population ofAplomado Falcons in thesouthwestern United Statesand northern Mexicothrough captive propaga-tion, release, and manage-ment with the ultimategoal of removing thisspecies from the Endan-gered Species list.G

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We have always suspected that falcons released in South Texas were moving southacross the border to colonize suitable habitat in Mexico, but this is the first

solid proof that this is actually taking place.

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A solid understanding of this Aplomado Falcon popula-tion is essential to the success of the recovery effort. Infor-mation on mortality, adult turnover at nesting territories,pair fidelity, age of first breeding, and dispersal patterns areall important in predicting the long-term dynamics of thisgrowing population and in guiding management actions. Toobtain this information we identified as many individualbirds as possible by reading their band numbers. Readingthe small numbers engraved on the aluminum bands ofhighly mobile wildlife like an Aplomado Falcon in the brushcountry of South Texas is daunting, but our field crew roseto the challenge. Of the 74 known Aplomado Falcons, 65individuals were positively identified. The bands of two indi-viduals remained unread, while the seven remaining wereunbanded. Texas is big country, and it is impossible tolocate all nests.

We have been studying the population of about 30 pairs ofAplomado Falcons in Chihuahua, Mexico, for the pastdecade. The reproductive rate of this population has declined

in apparent association with drought in the region. Habitatquality, primarily in relation to prey availability and predators,is thought to play an important role in the maintenance ofAplomado Falcon populations in the desert grasslands of theAmerican Southwest. Our data since 1996 have thereforeincluded annual characterization of vegetation compositionand structure within falcon nesting territories in Chihuahua.With this large data set we are seeking to evaluate the effectof these variables on reproductive success. This year, as partof his Master’s thesis, Alberto Macias was able to monitor 25pairs of falcons, which fledged a total of 21 young. Albertoalso conducted grassland bird studies in the area to determinechanges in the falcon’s prey base.

■ FUTURE PLANS The Peregrine Fund will continue to release Aplomado

Falcons in South and West Texas and to monitor AplomadoFalcon populations in both Texas and Chihuahua, Mexico.We will also continue collecting data on breeding success

and adult turnover rate at nests in an effort to predict thelong-term viability of these populations. Predation representsa significant impact on both the release effort and on thenesting success of established pairs. We will continue todevelop innovative techniques both to reduce nestling mor-tality and increase fledging success. A priority will be togather data describing the population structure and dynamicsof the developing population in Texas and the population innorthern Mexico.

Finally, a large part of what we do well as an organizationis to put highly qualified people out into the field where theycan actually do conservation. In this increasingly litigious andbureaucratic world, more and more conservation is being con-ducted indoors, in meetings, on the telephone, or via comput-ers in the artificial setting of “virtual reality.” But to be trulyeffective conservationists, we must experience, see, smell, andtouch the very organisms and habitats that we are trying to con-serve. Identifying and maintaining gifted and highly motivatedpersonnel is vital to the success of this restoration effort. ■

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port from many partners from the private sector. Working closely with Miguel Mora of the USFWSPatuxent Wildlife Research Center, we continue to analyze levels of environmental contaminantsfound in the blood collected from released falcons and from their addled eggs.

Providing essential financial support were the Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation, Ruth O’DonnellMutch, Houston Endowment, Inc., The Brown Foundation, Inc. of Houston, National Fish and WildlifeFoundation, The Robert J. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation, State of Texas, Turner Foundation, Inc.,

The Charles Engelhard Foundation, ExxonMobile Foundation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region II,Geo-Marine, Inc., Jane Smith Turner Foundation, Central and Southwest Services, Inc., Earl C. SamsFoundation,World Wildlife Fund, Karen and Tim Hixon, Rusty Rose, Burlington Resources,Timken Fam-ily Trust, The Tapeats Fund, Joan and Herb Kelleher Charitable Foundation, Walter Negley, HermanStude, Microsoft, Mike and Carolyn Maples, Pennzoil-Quaker State, and Volare Air Charter.

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Left: Biologists use amirror and binocularsto check an Aplomadonest site for eggs.Right: Two Aplomadosrest in the shade belowa hack tower in WestTexas.

Above: Condor nest caves in the Grand Canyon at Dana Butte (left arrow) and Battleship (right arrow).Opposite: Captive-bred Condor 119 nested at the Battleship cave with Condor 122.

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Bill HeinrichThis year was a very encour-aging one for condors onalmost all fronts. At year’send the entire world popula-tion was 198, up 15 individ-uals from last year’s endingnumber, with 76 condors fly-ing free. Twenty-two con-

dors were produced in captivity, eight at our World Centerfor Birds of Prey, eight at the San Diego Wild Animal Park,and six at the Los Angeles Zoo. There were a total of fivenesting attempts, three in California and two in Arizona.Congress approved $1,500,000 for construction and renova-tion at the three major breeding facilities. Along with all ofthe good news there were some major disappointments withtwo condors being deliberately shot in Arizona. Lead poison-ing became an issue again this year providing us with addi-tional challenges that we are now confronting.

■ RESULTSAs 2001 came to an end there were 11 young condors,

pending release, above the Vermilion Cliffs in Arizona.Rather than releasing all young birds at once this year as wehad in the past, we opted for a new strategy of having multi-ple, smaller releases, comprised of birds that we deemed mostready to fly free. Our first release occurred in February fol-lowed by a second in September, with the final one takingplace in December. This new technique worked very well asit allowed smaller numbers of birds time to integrate gradu-ally into the existing flock which totaled 33 free-flying con-dors in December 2002.

Also in 2002, two pairs of our released condors made Ari-zona history by laying one egg each in caves on cliffs in theGrand Canyon. While both pairs diligently incubated theirrespective eggs, they were not successful in hatching young.This is not unusual for young, inexperienced pairs. Ten addi-tional condors engaged in courtship activity between Januaryand April. We have the potential for five breeding pairs, and

California Condor Program

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Staff-Coordination, Bill Heinrich; Reintroduction, Chris Parish and Sophie Osborn; Research, GraingerHunt and Chris Woods; Data Analysis Support, Rob Rose; Field Assistance, Roger Benefield, KristineMcConnell, Ann Burke, Kristine Lightner, Kevin Fairhurst, Kathryn Parmentier, Tyrone Donnelly, Jill

Adams, Tim Bischof, Paul Mueller, Ann Welch, Dennis Mott, Elise A. Snyder, Chris Crow, Courtney Harris,David McGraw, Marta Curti, and our special volunteer, David Wall.

To establish self-sustainingwild populations of Califor-nia Condors through cap-tive propagation, release,and management with theultimate goal of removingthe species from theEndangered Species List.G

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at the time of this writing we have three pairs vis-iting potential nest caves. This coming year wemay see the first wild-hatched condors soar overthe Grand Canyon and southern California.

In southern California a total of three pairsnested in remote caves, each producing a sin-gle chick. All three young survived for approx-imately five months but were found dead justprior to, or soon after, fledging. Exact causesof death were undetermined on two, while athird was thought to have died from ingestingforeign objects found in its digestive tract.

Our progress was tempered by some heart-breaking losses. Two condors were intention-ally killed on the Kaibab National Forest innorthern Arizona. Four-year-old Condor 186and juvenile Condor 258 were shot. Despite aposted reward totaling $23,000 from the ThePeregrine Fund, the USFWS, Arizona Gameand Fish Department, Bureau of Land Manage-ment, and Grand Canyon National Park, noarrests have been made. There were two addi-tional fatalities, Condor 240 died of lead poison-ing in Utah, while Condor 252 was killed bycoyotes a few days after its release.

During our routine fall trapping, 14 condors had elevated blood-lead levels. Of those, 12 had blood levelshigh enough to require at leastone round of chelation, with four of those requiring a secondround before their levels droppedenough for them to be safely re-released.

Although we continued to provide supplemental food for the condors, they proved to be very good at locating their own food. We docu-mented condors feeding on over 65 carcasses that

they found on their own, including 27 mule deer,15 elk, 12 range cattle, and 11 other miscella-neous items. These carcasses most likely repre-sented only a fraction of the food the birdsactually found since the condors forage inareas that are inaccessible to the field biolo-gists. The condors were finding so much foodthat many remained away from our feedingsite for a month or more at a time.

Monitoring the condors was much thesame as last year with the exception of theuse of two experimental satellite-moni-tored transmitters, which performed wellenough for us to become proficient in usingthe Argos system, putting maps up on our

web site, and assisting the fieldbiologists on locating the con-dors when they were unableto find them with the conven-tional transmitters. The con-dors were very active between

June and November. They spentthe majority of their time at the

South and North Rims of GrandCanyon National Park, and then for

the first time began foraging on the KaibabNational Forest during the end of summer and fall.

With a combination of public and private dollars weconstructed facilities at the World Center for Birds of Prey

and in Arizona. In Arizona we constructed a 1,152 sq fttreatment and quarantine facility and added four new housingunits behind our original office and bunk housing. See theCaptive Breeding section of this report for details on theWorld Center facility.

■ FUTURE PLANSBefore the end of 2003 we plan to have 41 condors flying

free in northern Arizona and southern Utah. While continu-ing our management and monitoring of the released condorswe will increase the scientific investigation directed by oursenior scientist, Grainger Hunt, and publish much of ourunique findings on condor behavior. Contributing to scienceand management, we will deploy the first experimental PTTunits with Global Positioning System (GPS) capability.Microwave Telemetry is designing the PTTs to conform tothe patagial mounting system that we have been using for theconventional transmitters. These new PTTs will allow us toknow the exact locations of condors on a daily basis. Thisinformation will be used to form the basis of our understand-ing of the spatial dimensions of condor habitat, including sea-sonality of movements, preferred feeding areas, territories,and flight corridors.

We have initiated a collaborative effort with representationfrom the firearms industry, shooting sports, hunting and con-servation groups, state and federal wildlife management agen-cies, and the California Condor Recovery Team to identifyinformation gaps about the pathways in which lead becomesaccessible to condors. By acknowledging the long and suc-cessful tradition of wildlife conservation among hunters, wewill be seeking their voluntary assistance in helping us findways of decreasing the chances of condors finding lead result-ing from the use of firearms.

In our new breeding and holding facility we hope to raiseeven larger numbers of condors in the presence of adults. Byraising young in this manner we feel that they more quicklykey into adult condor behavior and become more fearful ofhumans sooner. Lastly, we are hoping that 2003 will be theyear when the first wild-produced young fly with captive-pro-duced condors over the Western skies. ■

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Cooperators-Cooperators are the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Arizona Game and Fish Depart-ment, the Bureau of Land Management, the National Park Service, the Los Angeles Zoo, and the Zoo-logical Society of San Diego, as well as the local ranchers and lodge owners. Norm Freeman, CatalinaFlying Boats, Inc., and the Bureau of Land Management assisted with transportation of the condors.Our special thanks to Maggie Sacher.

Financial assistance this year was provided by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nina Mason Pul-liam Charitable Trust, The Charles Engelhard Foundation, Chichester duPont Foundation, Inc., TurnerFoundation, Inc.,The Walt Disney Company Foundation Conservation Awards, Patagonia, The KearneyAlliance, Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc., Wallace Research Foundation, Jane Turner Smith Founda-tion, Sydney S. Byers Charitable Trust, Globe Foundation, Ashley Dorrance/Geneva Fund, Bureau ofLand Management, Arizona, Conni Pfendler, and Grand Canyon Conservation Fund.

This coming year we may see the first wild-hatched condorssoar over the Grand Canyon and southern California.

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Having enough secureusable space to house thelibrary, falconry archives, andscientific specimen holdingsof The Peregrine Fund hasbeen an increasing challengeover the past decade as eachhas rapidly grown andexpanded. The library hadspread into three rooms intwo buildings and all wereareas also used for other pur-poses, making effective use ofthe books and journals diffi-cult and there was no roomfor continued growth. Eventhough we had constructed alarge room in 1990 for the

Archives of American Falconry collection, capacity for archivalstorage was exceeded and there was not reasonable access tothe collection for use by scholars, the request for which hasbeen on the increase. We were in a similar situation with ourcarefully preserved collection of bird specimens and the thou-sands of raptor eggs. The solution to this dilemma cameposthumously from long-time supporters of the organizationJerry and Kathy Herrick. During their lives they established abequest to The Peregrine Fund. Receiving those funds, andwith the additional contributions from many other people, wewere able to turn our needs and dreams into action andresults. Helping ensure these results were achieved was ourChairman of the Board, Jim Nelson, who did everythingfrom contributing and raising donations to assisting his wifeKarin in designing and directing the landscaping. Also of crit-ical help was founding Board member Bob Berry who,through his foundation, financially matched most donationsfrom falconers.

■ RESULTSThe 10,000 sq ft Gerald D. and Kathryn S. Herrick Col-

lections Building opened in September 2002, just in time forour Board of Directors’ meeting. As with all facilities accom-plished by The Peregrine Fund since 1983, this structure wasdesigned and construction overseen by architect Hal Maxey(Maxey Tookey Architects) and as always, totally as a dona-tion. Hal’s “can do,” solution-oriented, practical, and costeffective methods are a good fit for The Peregrine Fund. TheCollections Building is yet another example of his ability.

The James N. Rice Wing of the falconry archives portionof the new building occupies about half the building andincludes a large display and storage/work rooms. The northwall of the display room is glass and looking across a coveredpatio one can see the Boise valley and front range mountains.The windows have movable see-through blinds to eliminateany harmful UV sun rays from reaching the collection. Twogalleries for paintings extend from the display room and aspecial dark room exists within the storage/work area forholding artwork not on display. Many other special featuresare designed into this one-of-a-kind facility to preserve anddisplay the holdings.

The library rooms and areas occupy most of the other halfof the building. Library shelving is less than half filled toensure long-term opportunities for expansion of the holdings.At a time when most libraries are short of space and even dis-posing of printed materials, we are in a position to acceptbooks, journals, etc. of scientific value. Beyond the primarylibrary room are smaller rooms for the reprint library, videoand film library, and duplicate books and journals. In additionthere are two offices for visiting scholars. Although this is nota lending library, researchers are welcome to visit and utilizeits extensive holdings.

The collection of egg and bird specimens is stored in espe-cially designed cabinets held within one large room. Thespecimen room, like the other two primary areas within thebuilding, has a separate temperature control. This room ismaintained at lower temperatures than other areas.

The hallways connecting the various rooms and areas dis-play original art by John Schmitt and very large photographsdonated by Robert Comstock. The photos were taken byDaniel O’Niell in Mongolia during a trip taken by Rob,Daniel, and Bill Burnham to interview Mongolian falconers. ■

Gerald D. and Kathryn S. Herrick Collections Building

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Cooperators-Major support for the Gerald D. and Kathryn S. Herrick Collections Building was pro-vided by the Wolf Creek Charitable Foundation, Maxey Tookey Architects, Jim and Karin Nelson, LauraMoore Cunningham Foundation, the Grasslans Charitable Foundation, the Eyas Foundation, Ruth O.and Brian Mutch, Ash Grove Cement Company, Walter C. Hill and Family Foundation, John and VickiSwift, Doug and Meredith Carnahan and Jayker Wholesale Nursery, Inc., Sally Spofford, Yvon

Chouinard, Frank Bond, Kent Carnie, Robert D. MacIntyre, Scott Struthers, Ross Matteson, Jed Lavitt,Robert B. Winslow, William Cornatzer, Pete and Kristi Edmunds, Timkin Family Charitable Trust, Garyand Becky Boberg, Sterling Bunnell,Thomas Cantella, Keith P. Carpenter, Jim L. Cook, Louis A. Feher, Car-oline Forgason, Mimi Heiberg, Maine Falconry and Hawk Trust, Velma Morrison, North American Fal-coners Association, Oregon Falconers Association, and Sheldon Severinghaus.

To develop sufficient securespace to house and allowfor effective use of theresearch library, specimencollections, and Archives ofAmerican Falconry at theWorld Center for Birds ofPrey.G

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Above: Jerry and Kathy Her-rick at their ranch.Below: Plaque recognizingfalconers’ contributions.

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The finished Collections Building.

The Archives of AmericanFalconry was established in1986 to preserve invaluablecollections of historical fal-conry memorabilia as pioneerAmerican falconers began todie. Since then, it has become

much more than just an archival resting place for old books,correspondence, photographs, art, manuscripts, equipment,and falconry memorabilia. The Archives is a dynamic collec-tion integrating history with the present day from whichscholars or an aspiring falconer can learn and better under-stand the sport and the people who practice it and their placein the past, the present, and even the future.

■ RESULTSWithout question THE highlight of our archival year was

the move into our quarters in the new Gerald D. and KathrynS. Herrick Collections Building. Both highly functional andbeautiful, these facilities are a valuable addition to the WorldCenter. The American falconry community generouslydonated $400,000 to make these facilities all we could hopefor, not only to meet our current needs, but also designed forthe long-term future. It is a tribute to the farsightedness ofthis small (ca. 5,000) group of sportsmen/women dedicatedto their sport and to the well being of the birds they employ.

By participating in the building’s design from the verybeginning we have ensured a wealth of space to both displayand store falconry-associated art, the lack of which was asevere handicap in our former quarters. Similarly, the overallproportions of the new facility—almost five times the floorspace of our old James N. Rice Wing quarters—ensure that itwill be a long time before we outgrow our new storagecapacity. We are retaining the Rice Wing designation of ourold quarters since the conversion of that former space to non-archival administrative facilities.

Although seemingly less dramatic, the formal designationof John Swift as Curator of Books and Manuscripts not onlyreflects the fact that John has been the source of almost athird of our library holdings, but it also recognizes his longassociation and non-financial as well as financial assistance

with the Archives. Formallyadding John to our staff (likethe Curator, it is voluntary),even if currently from hispresent home in Tucson,considerably reduces Kent’swork. Hopefully, too, John’spresence on our staff mayprovide a source of futureleadership for the Archives itself.

Despite our distractions completing the new facilities, his-toric materials have continued to arrive. These have includeditems ranging from a uniquely decorated hood by TomHarms, a little-known but highly skilled Nebraska falconerand craftsman, donated by Bob Linderholm, owner of thebird for which the hood was made and former President ofthe Nebraska Falconers Association, all the way to an authen-tic Central Asian eagle falconer’s fur-lined hat and oversizedglove brought from Mongolia by world-traveling New Mex-ico falconer Pat Herrington.

Other donations include a copy of Beebe and Webster’sstandard text, hand-inscribed at length in olde English, closingwith: “Thys booke of hawkynge I giff to Toney Hewston thathe may have hardynesse and noble herte. Giffen thys daye ofJesu byrth 1964” and signed by “Jehan Stynebec de Mon-troy”—(Nobel Prize winning John Steinbeck of Grapes ofWrath fame) and donated by that same “Toney Hewston”(Tony Huston). Given the provenance of this volume and thefact that Steinbeck had a lifelong fascination with the Arthurianlegend and wrote his own little-known book on the subject(The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights, 1976), notto mention the great public interest in Steinbeck’s works, thisis an especially treasured addition.

A gift from Stan Marcus of the great Traite de Faucon-nerie, the mid-19th Century folio-sized collection of hand-colored stone lithographs of European falconry and falcons, isspecial to us all. This copy was previously owned by LuffMeredith, “The Father of American Falconry,” whose ownmanuscript the Archives published two years ago. Signifi-cantly, the arrival of the Meredith/Marcus Traite pushed thevalue of the material donations from the falconry communityto the AAF collections to over one million dollars. With itsspecial interest due to Meredith’s ownership, it released a

duplicate copy already in the AAF library, proceeds fromwhich then helped pay for the last few bricks to complete ournew quarters—yet another manifestation of Meredith’s influ-ence on the American falconry scene, even today. Coinci-dently, our new quarters are now graced by an original oilportrait of Meredith, presented this year by his son anddaughter, Bill and Anne, and painted by no less than Mered-ith’s German counterpart, Renz Waller, the grand old man ofGerman falconry.

■ FUTURE PLANSWith the new facilities completed and our new Curator of

Books and Manuscripts aboard, we can now turn our focus toarchiving the variety of collections received while our attentionshave been diverted toward developing our new quarters. Thecollection and maintenance of historical materials is a never-ending process. As mundane as the physical administration ofthis function might seem, it is, truly, the real reason for ourexistence. ■

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To collect and conserveevidence of the history offalconry and to documentthe role of falconers inraptor conservation in theAmericas.G

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Left: Robert Berry, TomCade, and Kent Carniecut a ceremonial rib-bon to dedicate thenew Archives wing.Below: Display roomat the Archives ofAmerican Falconry.

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Staff-Curator Archivist, Kent Carnie; Book and Manuscript Curator, John Swift; Associates: Research/Editorial, Bill Mattox, Research, Peter Devers and Natalie Nicholson, Graphics, Don Garlock and JimStabler.Cooperators-The Archives of American Falconry (AAF) is dependent on the generous support ofmany friends, falconers and non-falconers alike. In 2002 particularly noteworthy assistance wasreceived from Laura Belkin, Garry Boberg, Frank Bond, Kent Carnie, Keith Carpenter, Yvon Chouinard,

Jim Cook, Peter Devers, Pete and Kristi Edmunds, Andy Feher, Elana Gatti, Mimi Heiberg, Walter Hill,Tony Huston, Jed Lavitt, Rob MacIntyre, Maine Falconry and Raptor Conservancy, Stan Marcus, RossMatteson, Bill and Anne Meredith, Dick Musser, Brian and Ruth Mutch, North American Falconers Asso-ciation, Geoff Nye, Oregon Falconers Association, Kathleen Orlenko, Frank Serra, Will Shor, ScottStruthers, John and Vicki Swift, Peter Toot, Skip Tubbs and Judith King, Jim Weaver, Pete Widener, BobWinslow, and the estate of the late Martha Weiser.

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■ RESULTSCumulative: By the end of

2002, 893 publications, including325 technical journal articles, dis-sertations, and theses, had beenproduced by The Peregrine Fundstaff biologists and associates.

2002: Sixty publications by The Peregrine Fund contribu-tors appeared in 2002, including eight from the MadagascarProject, six from the Aplomado Falcon Project, and five fromthe Asian Vulture Crisis Project.

Numerous presentations were made by staff members atscientific meetings, symposia, and workshops. Munir Viraniattended the 23rd International Ornithological Congressheld in Beijing, China, in August and co-convened a work-shop on the Asian Vulture Crisis there. Six presentationswere given at the 3rd North American Ornithological Con-ference in New Orleans in September by our staff membersand associates, including two each on the Asian vulture crisis,the California Condor project, and the Aplomado Falconproject. Lloyd Kiff made presentations on the CaliforniaCondor and Aplomado Falcon projects at the semi-annualmeeting of the American Bird Conservancy Policy Council inWashington, D.C., in March.

Our Panamanian arm, Fondo Peregrino–Panamá, organ-ized a conference on Neotropical raptors, including a sympo-sium on the Harpy Eagle, in Panama in October that fea-tured 100 oral and poster presentations, 15 of which weregiven by staff members of The Peregrine Fund/Fondo Pere-grino–Panamá. The conference was attended by 150 dele-gates from 16 countries. The Peregrine Fund provided 30grants to make conference participation by Latin Americanspossible.

■ FUTURE PLANSA book on the history of the Peregrine restoration effort

will be published in October of 2003. The Maya forest raptorbook should be printed in 2004 by Cornell University Press.Books on other species, e.g., the Madagascar Fish Eagle, thathave been the subject of our studies are in the early planningstages. As always, we will continue to work hard to close thegap between data gathered and results published. ■

Staff-Project leaders and individual staff members are responsiblefor reporting the results of their research. Lloyd Kiff maintains the bib-liography of The Peregrine Fund publications.

Scientific Publications and Presentations

■ RESULTS

Cumulative: Support-ing the studies of graduatestudents continues to repre-sent a significant part ofThe Peregrine Fund mis-sion, and, conversely, thecontributions of the stu-

dents have often been critical to the success of our fieldprograms. Beginning in 1970 at Cornell University, wehave directly assisted students in obtaining 52 advanceddegrees, including 15 Ph.D.s and 37 M.Sc. degrees orequivalents.

2002: Students were supported in connection with sixdifferent projects in 2002. They included five M.Sc. stu-dents in Pakistan, Jamshed Chaudhry, Shahid Mahmood,Shakeel Ahmed, Muhammad Arshad, and Ahmad Ali, whoare involved in different aspects of the Asian Vulture CrisisProject. Travis Booms completed his M.Sc. degree at BoiseState University with his study on the food habits of Gyr-falcons in Greenland, and Kurt Burnham continued hisdoctoral program at Oxford University with his researchon Peregrines and Gyrfalcons. In Mongolia, NyambayarBatbayar conducted field studies on the Cinereous Vultureas he pursues an M.Sc. degree in the Raptor Biology pro-gram at Boise State University.

In the Neotropics, Ricardo Gil de Costa published theresults of his studies of predator-prey behavior as a sidelightof our release of Harpy Eagles in Panama in connectionwith his pursuit of a Ph.D. at Harvard University. Otherstudents involved in studies associated with the HarpyEagle project included Johana Cedeño, Humberto Fossatii,and Felix Sandoval, B.Sc. Honors candidates at the Univer-sity of Panama, who studied Harpy Eagle behavior duringrelease; Katie Harper, a B.Sc. degree candidate at McGillUniversity, who studied the behavior of captive breedingHarpy Eagles; and Dane Springmeyer, a Thomas J. WatsonFellow, Middlebury College, also participated in the HarpyEagle release project.

In the African region, Catherine Gatome graduated withan M.Sc. in Wild Animal Health from the University ofLondon with a hemo-diagnostic study of African White-backed Vultures in Kenya. Festus Ihwagi, an M.Sc. candi-date in Conservation Biology at the University of Nairobi,

studied Gyps vulture populations in Kenya. In Madagascar,two students received our support, including Ruth Tingay,a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Nottingham, whocontinued her field studies and laboratory work to deter-mine paternity and relatedness among cooperative breedingMadagascar Fish Eagles, and Tolojanahary Andriamala, whocompleted his first season of field work studying the ecol-ogy of the Yellow-billed Kite in western Madagascar.

■ FUTURE PLANSWe will continue providing financial support and field

opportunities to these students and look for other promis-ing candidates whose interests and skills fit well with ourfield projects. As always, we will continue to encouragethe publication of theses and dissertations by former grad-uate students. ■

Staff-Students are supervised by their respective project leaders incooperation with their advisors at their parent institutions.

To identify and/or provideresearch and educationalopportunities for under-graduate and graduate stu-dents, both in the UnitedStates and other countries,especially in connectionwith our field programs.G

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Kenyan students Festus Ihwagi and Catherine Gatome han-dle a vulture trapped for a blood chemistry study in Kenya.

To present the resultsof research studies toscientific forums, gov-ernment agencies, andinterested groups.G

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Research Library■ RESULTS

Cumulative: The prolif-eration of information in thefield of conservation biologyhas made it increasingly diffi-cult for researchers and insti-tutions to keep abreast ofcurrent information, and thiscan result in unnecessary

duplication of efforts. Since an assessment of existing knowl-edge is the logical starting point for any research or conserva-tion project, access to good library resources is essential.Owing to the lack of an adequate biological library in theIntermountain Region, and our desire to have a world classresearch library, a decision was made in 1994 to create aresearch library at the World Center for Birds of Prey. Bynow, the library catalog contains over 13,500 titles, mostlyon birds, and partial or complete runs of over a thousandjournal and magazine titles. By the end of 2002 the cata-logued reprint collection contained over 13,000 items, withanother 10,000 awaiting cataloging, and subscriptions orexchange agreements were being maintained for about 300technical journals, magazines, and newsletters. Our ResearchLibrary now ranks among the 10 largest collections on birdsand related natural history topics in North America.

2002: A major milestone was reached in September, 2002when The Peregrine Fund Research Library was moved intonew quarters in the Gerald D. and Kathryn S. Herrick Collec-tions Building. The move involved the transfer of nearly 2,000cartons of books and journals from numerous storage areas.

In 2002, computerized versions of the library catalog,reprints catalog, and journal inventory were further refinedand placed on line on The Peregrine Fund website, wherethey can be searched or downloaded by any interested stu-dent or researcher anywhere in the world. Requests fromresearchers all over the world for copies of hard-to-obtainpublications were answered by e-mail, fax, and postal mailduring the year, and the frequency of use of the collectionsby off-site users is growing almost exponentially as the libraryis discovered and becomes better publicized.

Significant gifts of journals and books were received frommany donors, including Bill Clark, Cognizant Communica-tion Corporation, Charles Collins, Don Conner, the Estate ofMaxine Kiff, J. Michael Scott, Sally Spofford, Santa CruzPredatory Bird Research Group, Snake River Field Station,

Jared Verner, and Dave Whitacre. A particularly large collec-tion of ornithological journals was donated in May byHoward Cogswell, of Hayward, California. In addition,numerous exchanges were made with other institutional natu-ral history libraries, all of which resulted in useful additions toour collections.

■ FUTURE PLANSThe Research Library will continue to grow in size and

global significance. At a time when some libraries are replacingbooks and journal runs with electronic versions, we are seekingto preserve paper copies of as much of the relevant conserva-tion literature as possible and to make information widely avail-able by electronic techniques. It is our hope that we can soonsupply pdf copies of the literature gratis to researchers bye-mail, thus expanding the size of our clientele by many ordersof magnitude over what we might expect in terms of on-sitevisitors. Our library has become a significant international con-servation resource primarily through generous donations offunds and publications from many persons, whose names arelisted on our website. We welcome additional donations to thelibrary, all of which are tax deductible. ■

Staff-The library is supervised by Lloyd Kiff, who is ably assisted byAssistant Librarian Lynda Leppert.

To establish and maintain acomprehensive ornitholog-ical and conservation biol-ogy research library relatedto the mission of the organ-ization and of major impor-tance to the entire biologi-cal community.G

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Specimen Collection

Lloyd Kiff holds a Harpy Eagle study skin in the Speci-mens Room at the new Gerald D. and Kathryn S. HerrickCollections Building. The specimens include eggs andstudy skins from dozens of raptor species, and is avail-able to visiting researchers and students as well as Pere-grine Fund staff.

Left: The new libraryprovides ample spacefor journals and books,along with work areasfor researchers.

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Our formal Education Pro-gram began in 1985 when wereceived our first visitors atthe World Center for Birds ofPrey in Boise. Driven byincreased visitor demand,facilities were improved andculminated in the dedicationof the Velma Morrison Inter-pretive Center in 1994. We

continue to improve our education program and visitor cen-ter displays in order to better educate and inspire our visitors.Each year more than 100 volunteers donate their time andservice toward educating the public.

■ RESULTS 2002Our Education Program directly reached more than

31,000 children and adults this year. Almost 5,400 visitedwith school groups, 450enjoyed our annual openhouse, and nearly 3,500 werereached in offsite programs.The remainder of our guestsvisited on their own or aspart of a prearranged tour.According to our annual sur-vey, one-third of our visitorslive in Idaho. Similar to pre-vious years, all 50 states wererepresented in the survey aswell as 30 foreign countries.

When the Harpy Eaglebreeding program moved toPanama, the visitors centergained use of the HerrickTropical Raptor Building.Acquisition of this buildingadded office space, a raptorfood preparation area, and

numerous bird chambers. Representatives of the species weare currently breeding, the Aplomado Falcon, the HarpyEagle, and the California Condor, are on public view. Inaddition, a Turkey Vulture, Eurasian Eagle Owl, and North-ern Harrier were added to the program, increasing the visi-tor’s opportunity to see unique birds of prey from around theworld.

The Discovery Room is complete and is popular with thewhole family. Although geared toward children, the enlight-ening process of exploration and discovery in this remarkableexhibit is enjoyed by everyone. Guests track the developmentof a falcon from the egg through fledging, solve a puzzle bymatching the eggs to their appropriate nest, discover howbirds ensure the success of future generations, and participatein hands-on activities to explore how birds master flight.

In continuing to offer the highest quality education to allschools, we are expanding our education program. The Sci-ence Achievement Standards adopted by the Idaho StateBoard of Education are being integrated into our K-12school program. We also began a free admission program for

schools with more than 70% of their students in the NationalSchool Lunch Program. Finally, a scheduling program wasinstalled so tour bookings and volunteers can be scheduledfrom any computer in the visitors center.

We have an exceptional group of volunteers who havegiven over 8,000 hours this year. Volunteers come from manywalks of life and have a variety of unique skills that make theEducation Program successful. The dedication of our volun-teers has enabled us to create an unequaled experience forour visitors, and our volunteers have our sincerest thanks.

■ FUTURE PLANSWe will continue to improve our education program for

school groups and public visitors. The culmination of ourK-12 program will give school-aged groups a focused pro-gram that meets the Idaho science standards for each gradelevel. In addition, our public visitors will enjoy a programthat offers more flexibility to experience the center at theirown pace. The docents will conduct bird presentations andbrief subject talks at scheduled times throughout the day. ■

Education Program

Staff-Interpretive Center Manager, Kim Middleton; Volunteers and Gift Shop, Brook Sims; EducationAssistant, Trish Nixon; and Facility Maintenance, Paul Malone.Volunteers Contributing Over 100 Hours of Service-Mark Armstrong, Pat Baumback, Karen Brender,Amy Brueck, Gwen Chavarria, Bert Cleaveland, Helen Crewse, Allen Dickson, Betsy Eldredge, PhilEldredge, Leo Faddis, Claudia Fernsworth, Anne Fitzsimmons, Linda Fraser, Joni Frey, Bill Gehring, ScottGoodkin, Karen Gross, Kathryn Hampton, Jerry Heimbuch, Bryan Jennings, Connie Leavitt, Fred Lidin-sky, Michelle Lynch, Mike McSweeney, Scott Meissner, Milton Melzian, Shani Murray, Jack Osgood, Brit

Peterson, Randy Rasmussen, Mary Rotman, Kendra Smith, Chan Springer, Josh Stevens, Diann Stone,Henry Tamcke Jr., and Dick Thatcher.Cooperators-Our financial partners in education include the Laura Moore Cunningham Foundation,U. S. Bancorp Foundation, the Harry W. Morrison Foundation, Inc., Union Pacific Foundation, J.A. &Kathryn Albertson Foundation, Boise Cascade Corporation, Islands Fund, Bank of America Foundation,Wells Fargo Bank, Albertson’s Inc., Catapult 3,Weyerhaeuser Company Foundation,The ConAgra Foun-dation, and numerous individual donors.

To educate the public andstudents about birds ofprey and the importance ofconservation of biologicaldiversity, focusing on ThePeregrine Fund’s numer-ous successes in achievingresults toward this conser-vation goal.G

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Left: Entry to the World Center for Birds of Prey.Below: Kim Middleton, our new Interpretive Center Manager,speaks with a group of visitors about the harrier on her fist.

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Captive propagation at theWorld Center is a highlyfocused, technical, laborintensive endeavor that isannually accomplished withgreat care and dedication byall involved. It is not possible

to make birds of prey breed in captivity. You can only placethem in the best possible situations for breeding likely tooccur while reducing as many distractions as possible, includ-ing human-caused disturbance. Considering both the Aplo-mado Falcon and California Condor restoration programs areannually dependent on birds for release to the wild, captivepropagation at the World Center is very important.

■ RESULTSAplomado Falcon—In 2002, 35 Aplomado Falcons laid

281 eggs, of which 162 (58%) were fertile, 124 (77%)hatched, and 120 (97%) survived to release age. Four femaleslaid for the first time while one falcon laying in 2001 did notlay in 2002. Of the females laying for the first time, nonecopulated with their mates, but three were artificially insemi-nated (AI), and nine young were produced. AI also con-tributed very importantly to the total production of falcons,resulting in 93 additional young. Only 18 falcons were pro-duced from copulating pairs. Ten young were retained forcaptive breeding and the remainder were released to the wild.

As in past years, we depended heavily on captive PeregrineFalcons to provide initial egg incubation. Falcon eggs hatchbetter in artificial incubators if they first have several days ofincubation under falcons. Aplomado Falcons will regularly layeight or more eggs if each egg is removed as it is laid. With-out egg removal, they will begin incubation after laying threeor four eggs. Using AI and egg removal, then incubation byPeregrine Falcons, we greatly increase the number of youngthat can be raised. Peregrines provided initial incubation for136 of the 162 fertile Aplomado Falcon eggs from which 104falcons hatched and survived.

We are anticipating another excellent year for AplomadoFalcon reproduction in 2003. We hope to have three or four

additional laying females. Cold spring weather seemed toaffect our copulating pairs negatively in 2002, and the returnof more typical weather next season could enhance results.

California Condor—We have 19 pairs of California Con-dors at the World Center. After the 2001 breeding season were-paired three pairs to enhance the potential for copulationwhile still maintaining the desired genetic mix. Re-pairingover the past two years has so far resulted in one female pro-ducing her first fertile egg (2001) and a male siring his firstchick (2002). In the 2002 breeding season we had 17 pairsproduce 19 eggs, of which 11 were fertile (58%), eighthatched (72%), and all chicks survived. We had hoped forgreater reproduction but noise from a construction project,

even though several hundred meters away, seemed to distractthe condors, affecting production.

Based on a need for additional facilities for incubation andbrooding space, a better location for rearing young condorswhere they can observe adults, and a desire for more holdingspace for young condors prior to release, in fall/winter 2002we constructed a third condor building. The 8,000 sq ftbuilding includes incubator and brooder laboratories and twoholding flights. The construction was funded by a combina-tion of private and public (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)dollars and in-kind contributions.

Our expectation for increased reproduction in 2003 isguarded because of the fall/winter construction. Courtship

by condors begins inNovember and the con-struction was not com-pleted and quiet resumeduntil the end of January,just before egg layingbegan. Hopefully, withthe renewed calm,courtship will rapidlyincrease and adults willaccomplish proper eggincubation and rearing ofyoung. ■

Captive Breeding at the World Center for Birds of Prey

Staff-Captive propagation at the World Center is accomplished by Cal Sandfort (Aplomado Falcons)and Randy Townsend (California Condors) with assistance from Craig Carpenter and Randy Stevens.Food production is managed by Amel Mustic with assistance from Roy Britton and Dalibor Pongs.Facility maintenance is under the direction of Randy Stevens.Cooperators-Major financial assistance for California Condor propagation is provided by the U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service. Financial support for Aplomado Falcon propagation is listed within that projectreport. Pathology and veterinarian support are provided by Meridian Veterinary Clinic (Scott Higer),the Zoological Society of San Diego (Bruce Rideout), Washington State University (Lindsay Oaks), theIdaho Department of Fish and Game,Wildlife Health Laboratory, Caine Veterinary Teaching Laboratory,and The Raptor Center (Pat Redig).

To propagate the requirednumber of the best possi-ble physically, behaviorally,and genetically constitutedraptors for release to thewild.G

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Production of Aplo-mado Falcons at theWorld Center for Birdsof Prey has increaseddramatically from1991 to the present.Er

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Greenland measures 1,660 miles (2,656 km) long and isabout 650 miles (1,045 km) at its widest location. Ice-freeland exists only on the periphery as 85% of the island iscovered by a huge icecap rising to 11,000 feet (330 m).Our work in 2002 was focused in two locations, just abovethe Arctic Circle in the Kangerlussuaq (formerly SøndreStrømfjord) area, West Greenland, and about 600 miles

(965 km) further north in the High Arctic region of NorthGreenland.

Peregrine Falcons have greatly increased in Greenlandsince the 1970s when research on them was begun there,and they now annually number in the thousands of breedingpairs. Less is known about the status of the Gyrfalcon, butsome information suggests its range and numbers may have

High Arctic Institute

Staff-Kurt Burnham manages this project under the general direction of Bill Burnham and withspecial assistance provided by Ian Newton and Bill Mattox. Jack Stephens is the Thule coordina-tor and lives in the High Arctic Institute facility. Data analysis support is provided by Rob Rose.Also participating in 2002 were Jack Cafferty, Martin Gilbert, Erin Gott, Regan Haswell, Bill Hein-rich, Pete and Jacque Jenny, Ruth and Brian Mutch, Calen Offield, Rob Rose, Bianca Perren, Cal

Sandfort, and Peter Widener.Cooperators-Cooperating in the work through authorizations are the Commission for ScientificResearch in Greenland, Greenland Home Rule Government, Danish Polar Center, and the UnitedStates Air Force. The U.S. government project sponsor is the Department of the Interior/Bureau ofLand Management.

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Peregrine on cliff overlooking North Star Bay. Ptarmigan are an important food source for Gyrfalcons in Greenland.

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decreased. Directly affecting both species is the delicate Arc-tic environment, which also indirectly affects them by itsinfluence on the prey on which they depend, especially whenbreeding. The falcons in the Kangerlussuaq area primarilyfeed on ptarmigan and songbirds, while those in the HighArctic are heavily dependent on seabirds. An amelioratingenvironment may be favoring some species more than others,to include the falcons. We are working to understand thedynamics between Gyrfalcons and Peregrines and their envi-ronments. Although many aspects of the field work in thissometimes harsh and always physically demanding Arcticenvironment remain as they have since the beginning, tech-nology is helping us accomplish what was in the past impos-sible. Satellite-monitored transmitters (PTTs) allow us tounderstand the size of the area falcons use and where theyare when not at breeding sites. Using small amounts of col-lected blood and feathers, we are determining the unique-ness and variation within and between the breeding popula-tions in these widely separated areas in Greenland.Combining the traditional tools and techniques of raptorbiology with 21st Century capabilities is greatly enhancingresults. Better information is a critical tool for conservationof species and habitats.

Despite the 2002 field season being our most ambitiousyet, we were still able to attain the majority of our objectives.From Kangerlussuaq we surveyed 55 known Gyrfalcon eyriesand additional cliffs, placing PTTs on Gyrfalcons and Pere-grines while collecting samples for genetic research. From theHigh Arctic Institute facility, Thule, Greenland, we re-sur-veyed Peregrine and Gyrfalcon eyries and again expandedinvestigations further north than in previous years, findingGyrfalcon eyries and an apparently increasing number ofPeregrines. PTTs were also placed on Gyrfalcons and Pere-grines there and genetic material collected. A variety of otherinformation was also collected in each area, not only aboutthe falcons, but also about their prey and the general environ-ment. During the autumn we operated a capture site for fal-cons just south of the Arctic Circle in West Greenland wherewe deployed additional PTTs and collected genetic materialon Gyrfalcons while only banding the Peregrines.

■ FUTURE PLANS While continuing to monitor Peregrines and Gyrfalcons with

PTTs, we will deploy additional units on falcons to fill gaps inour information while removing the transmitters from birds forwhich data collection is complete. Genetic material will be ana-lyzed and likewise more collected as needed and possible.Analysis of climate data over the past 50 years for each studyarea will be completed and results compared for ecologicalinformation. We will again push falcon surveys and informationcollection further to the north in Greenland to help understandwhat is occurring with Peregrine and Gyrfalcon populations inone of the world’s most extreme environments. ■

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Financial support for this field season was provided by The Charles Engelhard Foundation, RuthMutch, Paxson H. Offield, the Eyas Foundation, and William Burnham.

Special thanks for the cooperation and friendship of the residents of Thule Air Base. We also thankthe 109th Air National Guard for their critical logistical support and recognize the National ScienceFoundation for their cooperation. In addition, we thank VECO and the Kangerlussuaq crew of Tom

Quinn, Robin Abott, Ed Stockard, and Sparky for their help and friendship and Bent Brodersen, theexceptional manager of the Kangerlussuaq International Science Support facility. The cooperationand assistance of Kim Pelle and Greenland Contractors are also appreciated. The continued coopera-tion of Knud Falk, Danish Polar Center, and Kaj Kampp, Copenhagen Zoological Museum is valued. Wethank Mark Fuller and the Raptor Research and Technical Assistance Center/Boise State University.

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Left: Flying adultfemale Gyrfalcondefends her eyrie.

Young raptorenthusiasts PeterWidener (above)and Calen Offield(below) experi-enced the arcticand hands-on workwith birds of prey.

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The Neotropical Raptor Conservation Program is a strategic approach to conser-vation of birds of prey in the biologically similar Latin American and Carribeanregions. Of 86 diurnal raptors that occur in the Neotropics, 16 are endangeredor vulnerable, and 21 are too little known to even guess their status. Habitatdegradation and loss, persecution, and environmental contamination are thegreatest threats to survival of raptor species. This program builds on over twodecades of work by The Peregrine Fund in the Neotropics to conserve speciesin jeopardy, biodiversity, and the habitats that support them both. The

Neotropical Raptor Center and Fondo Peregrino–Panamá provide a centrallylocated tropical raptor propagation facility and base of operations for the pro-

gram. We combine field studies, information, training, public education, hands-onspecies restoration, and leadership to achieve measurable results for conservation.

■ RESULTSWe continued building and training our local staff in Panama, including adding an

education director and assistants in raptor propagation, food production, and book-keeping.

We completed the first Neotropical Raptor Conference and Harpy Eagle Sympo-sium in October 2002 with attendance by over 150 people from 16 countries making100 presentations. The meeting was an important networking event to enhance inter-national communication and cooperation towards raptor conservation in the Neotrop-ics and resulted in agreement for the need and value of a Neotropical Raptor Net-work. The conference provided new information on the conservation status, breeding,

and biology of the Harpy Eagle and other raptors, much of which is accessible through our website at: http://peregrinefund.org/GRIN/GRIN_Home.html.

We assisted Eng. Ricardo Anguizola, Administrator of ANAM, in presenting a proposal to the Central AmericanCommission on the Environment and Development (CCAD) to restore the Harpy Eagle to the Mesoamerican Biolog-ical Corridor and are hopeful that this may set the stage for a long-term commitment for conservation of Harpy Eaglesand their habitat throughout Central America. Other projects are described in detail in the following pages.

■ FUTURE PLANSWe need to continue building staff capacity. We will continue seeking new areas in which we can have positive con-

servation impact, to include field studies in pure and applied conservation biology. We will begin developing theNeotropical Raptor Network as a source of communication and collaboration between biologists, falconers, decisionand policy makers, and conservationists at large. ■

Staff-The Neotropical Raptor Conservation Program is directed by Rick Watson and Magaly Linares,assisted by Yanina Guevara, Margarita Gordon, and project staff listed separately in the individual pro-gram sections of this report. Dave Whitacre is senior scientist for this program, and Leo Salas provideddirection through 2002.Cooperators-The partnership of many organizations and individuals has made this program possibleincluding Autoridad del Canal de Panama (ACP), Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM), Autoridad

de la Region Interoceania (ARI), and Fundacion Ciudad del Saber. Jacobo Lacs, who serves on ourBoard of Directors, provides invaluable support and assistance.

Important financial support in 2002 was provided by Wolf Creek Charitable Trust, Hank and WendyPaulson, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the James and Barbara CiminoFoundation. The U.S. Agency for International Development has provided economic and humanitar-ian assistance worldwide for more than 40 years.

To conserve Neotropicalraptors, their habitats, andbiodiversity through re-search, conservation inter-ventions, public education,and development of localcapacity for science andconservation.G

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Above: Conference materials for the first-ever Harpy Eagle Symposium, held last October in Panama.Left: Magaly Linares delivering a certificate of Honorable Mention during the prize-awarding ceremony to a student who partici-pated in the contest “Name a Harpy Eagle and Become a Scientist for a Day.”A

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The education program is anintegral part of the HarpyEagle Project. Because wehave found that ignorance isthe main cause behindhuman persecution, anyrestoration effort must be

supported by environmental education using the Harpy Eagleas an icon for biodiversity conservation. The enthusiasm andunderstanding created by successful Harpy Eagle restorationwill provide important positive reinforcement of the conser-vation message. People will see that all is not lost, and thatbiodiversity conservation can be achieved with easily seen,dramatic results focused on one of the most charismatic ani-mals in the world. Together, Harpy Eagle restoration andenvironmental education form a powerful tool for the conser-vation of Neotropical forest biodiversity.

Our objective is to develop an environmental educationprogram that will promote the conservation of the HarpyEagle and its habitat, thereby enhancing biodiversity conser-vation in Panama and over time throughout the range of theeagle. Our educational program will profit from the species’value to Panama as the national bird and its importance inthe cultures of many countries and peoples. Through our col-laborative efforts with governmental and non-governmen-tal organizations we hope to make the Harpy Eagle asymbol of environmental conservation and pridethroughout its range in the Neotropics.

■ RESULTSCumulative: Our education program began in

2001 with a pilot project that consisted of identifying,visiting, and talking to people in communities adjacent toareas targeted for future releases of Harpy Eagles. An aware-ness campaign was started about the value of the species inthe environment. A year after the campaign we interviewed344 people from four communities in areas surrounding therelease sites. The community with the highest number ofpeople knowledgeable about Harpy Eagles was the one whereour pilot education project began and where most of our

activities occurred. This survey also showed that ignorancewas the main reason why people kill Harpy Eagles. We foundthere was strong interest in participating in environmentaleducation and other conservation activities. We also foundthere must be at least annual follow-up activities after theeducation campaigns are completed in rural communities, aswell as after other educational activities in urban and ruralsites, otherwise the enthusiasm, commitment, and support forconservation can diminish quickly. This kind of follow-upmay need to occur annually for one generation (20-30 years)before it is sufficiently well incorporated in local culture andbehavior.

2002: Among the results of the education program in2002 was the development of an environmental educationstrategy and educational materials based on the pilot programand studies accomplished the year before. This strategy wasimplemented in communities of Alfajía, Limón, and NuevaProvidencia, which are nearest our Harpy Eagle release site inthe Panama Canal watershed, as well as within communitiesof Darién in eastern Panama.

One highlight of the year was the declaration of the HarpyEagle as the national bird of Panama. Our staff brought oureducation Harpy Eagle for an up-close and personal meetingwith Panama’s Congressional delegates, which helped createnew status and enhanced legal protection for the species.

Another highlight was the huge success of our HarpyEagle naming contest among schools of Panama. School

children were asked to name the first Harpy Eagleshatched in the NRC, providing a short essay aboutwhy they thought their choice of name most appro-priate. Over 75 schools participated, with hundredsof entries that were judged by panelists from

ANAM, USAID, ACP, Patronato de Amigos delÁguila Arpía, Ecological Police, City of Knowledge,

and Fondo Peregrino-Panamá. Ten winners were invited toa ceremony and to experience being “biologists for a day” byjoining our staff in the field and laboratory.

■ FUTURE PLANSAs Harpy Eagle releases occur in more locations, such as

Bocas del Toro in western Panama, our education programwill expand accordingly, to include possible collaboration

with the Belize Zoo for education efforts in Belize. To beeffective, the education program will rely heavily on coopera-tion and partnerships with other governmental and non-gov-ernmental organizations willing to carry the same conserva-tion message. In Panama, for example, we will provideeducational material, information, and training to collaborat-ing governmental and non-governmental organizations, suchas the U.S. Peace Corps, who collectively reach a far greateraudience than we could reach by ourselves. This project willresult in the development of a public awareness and educa-tion curriculum using the Harpy Eagle as a flagship for con-servation, especially for use around important release sites,but potentially throughout the country or region. We antici-pate this work will have broad and lasting impact as the mes-sage and curriculum are adopted and used by other govern-ment and non-government organizations. ■

Neotropical Environmental Education

Staff-This project is conducted by Jolanta de Villarreal, Kathia Herrera, and Marta Curti. Ursula Valdezmade important contributions during 2002.Cooperators-We collaborate with Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM), Panama CanalAuthority (ACP), Soberania, Chagres, and Camino de Cruces National Parks, Ecological Police, TierrasColectivas Emberá y Wounaan, Comarca Emberá/Wounaan, Sociedad Audubon de Panamá; Autori-dad de la Región Interoceánica (ARI), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Asociación Pro

Niños del Darién, Education Ministry (Environmental Education Division), U.S. Peace Corps, Green-Com, Proyecto Cerro Hoya-German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Ecoforest, Summit Gardens, andParque Metropolitano.

Financial support for this program was provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development(USAID), Wolf Creek Charitable Trust, and Hank and Wendy Paulson.

To change human atti-tudes towards birds ofprey, especially HarpyEagles, to reduce persecu-tion and conserve theirhabitat.G

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Park Ranger Norberto Serrano, from Soberania National Park(ANAM), explaining the feeding behavior and biology ofHarpy Eagles to two farmers from the Alfagía community.

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Staff-Harpy Eagle propagation is conducted by Nadia Sureda and Saskia Santamaría, food produc-tion by José de Los Santos López and Bolívar Rodíguez, and maintenance by Francisco Barrios, NoelGuerra, and Próspero Gaitán. Harpy Eagle releases are coordinated by Angel Muela and conductedby Marta Curti, Johana Cedeño, Humberto Fossatti, Félix Sandoval, Elsie Ashworth, and BertrandEliotout. Cal Sandfort provides overall direction for management of the captive eagle population,and Magaly Linares provides veterinary support.

The research component is conducted by José de Jesús Vargas and Emberá and Wounaan parabi-ologists Eloy Aripio, Dadildo Carpio, Bilomar Doviaza, Ernán Flaco, Rodolfo Mosquera, Gabriel Men-guizama, and Rogelio Peña. Philippe Potuin assisted as a volunteer.

During 2002 Leo Salas directed the program, and Mia Jessen and Andrew Heath made importantcontributions.

The Harpy Eagle is one ofthe largest and most powerfuleagles in the world. It is thenational bird of Panama andis represented in many cul-tures throughout the Ameri-cas. Harpy Eagles occurredformerly throughout much ofthe Neotropics but are now

largely extirpated through much of Central America andMexico. Loss of lowland forest habitat has the most profoundeffect on eagle populations, but shooting and other kinds ofpersecution are responsible for depleted populations wheresuitable habitat remains. As we correct these conditions, wecan use captive breeding and release methods that we aredeveloping to restore lost or depleted populations of HarpyEagles.

The Harpy Eagle could be the first large Neotropical for-est eagle for which a science-based management program isimplemented. However, there are many gaps in our knowl-edge of this species. A better understanding of the survivalrates, behavior, and movements of birds from newly hatcheduntil the settlement of a territory as breeding pairs wouldgreatly enhance the effectiveness of our restoration efforts,and help us better understand the most critical factors tomaintain sustainable populations in natural and human-altered habitats.

The need to preserve large segments of forests for the con-servation of Harpy Eagles will represent a significantcontribution to the protection of Neotropical low-land forests, among the most species-rich habi-tats of the planet. The Harpy Eagle wouldtherefore act as an umbrella species: by con-serving it we are conserving biodiversity.

■ RESULTSPropagation: Moving our three breeding pairs of

Harpy Eagles from Boise to Panama had a profound effect ontheir productivity. We believe that the combined effect ofunfiltered sunlight, temperature, and humidity, as well as

quiet seclusion, contributedsignificantly to this improve-ment. Through combinednatural and artificial incuba-tion and recycling, the threepairs laid 18 fertile eggs andhatched 17 nestlings in 2002.The young were hatched andraised in captivity, including aperiod of “bonding” in spe-cially designed chambers inclose contact with an adultHarpy Eagle. All the nestlingssurvived to fledge. Thisastounding rate of productionmakes it possible to consider a full species restoration effort,most likely to be focused on the Mesoamerican BiologicalCorridor that stretches from Colombia in the south to south-ern Mexico.

Release: With the successful production of young HarpyEagles at our Neotropical Raptor Center we resumed experi-mental releases in Soberiana National Park along the famousPipeline Road, a favorite forest route for bird watchers. Theprocess of releasing (hacking) Harpy Eagles can take sixmonths or more and involves labor intensive tracking andobservation of the young eagles to help ensure their survivalin the wild. First the young eagles are placed in a hack box, achamber built on top of a tower in the forest, where theybecome acclimated to their immediate surroundings for twoto three weeks. Upon release, the birds are provided unlim-ited food to attract them to the area while allowing them

freedom to roam, build strength and flight skills, and learnto hunt. Once eagles consistently hunt for themselves,food provisioning can stop. We plan to capture inde-pendent birds and translocate them to remote siteswhere human persecution is likely to be least and their

chances for survival to breeding highest. We released eight birds during 2002 and the remaining

birds will be released in 2003 when they are old enough.The first translocations are expected to occur in 2003 intothe Bocas del Toro region of western Panama. We are alsoexploring the possibility of conducting experimental releases

in Belize where Harpy Eagles once occurred but are nowvery rare.

Research and Conservation: A better understanding ofthe survival rates, behavior, and movements of birds fromnewly hatched until the settlement of a territory as breedingpairs would greatly enhance the effectiveness of our restora-tion efforts, and help us better understand the most criticalfactors needed to sustain populations in natural and human-altered habitats. These studies have begun in Darien NationalPark where we have recruited members of the indigenousEmberá-Wounaan communities to assist. In 2002 werecruited seven parabiologists from local communities. Train-ing has begun, surveys have been expanded, and long-terminformation collection begun in at least 15 active HarpyEagle territories. Parabiologists were chosen because of theirknowledge, leadership capacity, and ability to provide feed-back to their communities in an effort to bolster local conser-vation results.

■ FUTURE PLANSCaptive propagation of Harpy Eagles in Panama has

shown important results that suggest that a regional speciesrestoration effort may be feasible. We will continue captivepropagation efforts to determine whether the outstandingresults of 2002 can be consistently achieved, while at thesame time exploring possibilities for regional restoration ofthe Harpy Eagle in Central America. Experimental releases of

To conserve Harpy Eaglepopulations through habi-tat conservation, reductionof human persecution, res-toration of lost or depletedpopulations, and improvedunderstanding of the eaglethrough research.G

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Harpy Eagle Conservation and Research

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Collaborators-The Harpy Eagle project depends on the partnership of many individuals and organiza-tions, including the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (ACP), Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM),Autoridad de la Región Interoceánia (ARI), Fundación Ciudad del Saber, Patronato Amigos del AguilaHarpia,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Asociación Nacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza(ANCON),GreenCom,Ecological Police,Tierras Colectivas Emberá y Wounaan,Comarca Emberá/Wounaan,Soberania, Camino de Cruces, Chagres, and Darien National Parks, and Imprenta Pacífico-Clave 2.

Major financial support for this project was received from Wolf Creek Charitable Trust, Hank andWendy Paulson, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Charles Engelhard Foun-dation, The Walt Disney Company Foundation Conservation Awards, the Diane A. Ledder CharitableTrust, and Cemex.

Harpy Eagles will continue, to include testing the concept ofrelease at permanent release sites followed by translocationand re-release of fully independent birds in very remote local-ities. Harpy Eagle conservation and research efforts in Darienare in their infancy but show great promise for long-termconservation benefits. This effort is expected to be sustainedfor two or more decades to produce first-ever populationbiology results for such a long-lived, slow-reproducingspecies as the Harpy Eagle. ■

Opposite page: Green Heron.Above: Harpy Eagle andchick at nest.

Above right: Peregrine Fundbiologist Kathia Herrerasearches for Harpy Eagles inthe rainforest of Panama.Right: Propagation Special-ist Nadia Sureda and ahooded immature femaleHarpy Eagle.

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The Orange-breasted Falconhas been the subject of fieldstudies by The PeregrineFund for over two decades,since Pete Jenny’s first stud-ies in 1978 in Ecuador andGuatemala. We have foundthis highly specialized falcon

occurs at very low densities with a patchy distribution, mostoften in areas of exposed cliffs needed for nesting and intacttropical forest that supports their preferred prey. They repro-duce at a slow rate, are non-migratory, and appear to beextremely sensitive to habitat change.

For various reasons, including habitat loss and fragmenta-tion, and possibly environmental contamination, known pop-ulations are small and widely separated, and may be subjectto the effects of genetic isolation, natural attrition, and ran-dom catastrophic events, such as a hurricane or disease epi-

demic. Yet the species’ over-all range from southernMexico to northernArgentina suggests thepotential, but still unknownextent, for a large populationwhere suitable habitatremains. As such, Orange-breasted Falcons are of con-servation concern in CentralAmerica and offer the oppor-tunity to test conservationstrategies such as restorationand bolstering of lost anddepleted populations, andgenetic enhancement of iso-lated populations.

■ RESULTSCumulative: Careful sur-

veys and detailed observa-tions from 1994 through1997 identified a small popu-

lation of Orange-breasted Falcons in Belize and Guatemala.Surveys throughout Central America from 1999 through2001 revealed no Orange-breasted Falcons between Belizeand the far eastern extent of Panama, a separation of some900 miles. Two nestling falcons were collected from Panamain 2001 to begin our captive breeding stock.

2002: Four clutches each of three eggs were collected in theearly incubation stages from four Orange-breasted Falcon eyriesin Darien, Panama. All 12 eggs (100%) were successfully incu-bated, hatched, and the young raised at our Neotropical RaptorCenter (NRC), representing a substantial improvement overobserved hatch rates in the wild of only 18% at the same eyriesin 2001. Nine birds were retained at the NRC in our state-of-the-art Orange-breasted Falcon breeding facility, while threewere sent to research associate Robert Berry’s breeding facility inSheridan, Wyoming. We confirmed re-nesting and laying of asecond clutch of eggs in the same season at three of the foureyries, and again observed a very low hatch rate of approxi-mately 22% among them. Our actions therefore did not result inan apparent net loss to the wild population.

Field studies continued in Peru in an attempt to locateOrange-breasted Falcons in South America to assess their pre-ferred habitat and estimate their numbers in this part of thespecies’ range. Despite substantial search time and effort,only two possible breeding pairs were identified in cliff andlowland forest landscapes about 550 miles apart.

■ FUTURE PLANSWe aim to develop the methods and expertise to pre-

dictably breed Orange-breasted Falcons in captivity. Thisspecialized bird- and bat-catching falcon is expected to pres-ent some new challenges, such as breeding chambersdesigned to accommodate their fast flight. To optimize ourchances of success we are developing two captive breedingpopulations at separate locations. This may be accomplishedin 2003 if we succeed in collecting four female birds, prefer-ably from Belize, to maximize genetic diversity among thecaptive stock.

Field studies will be continued to determine the ecologicalfactors that limit the species’ distribution and abundancethroughout its range, and investigate genetic variation withinand between populations. ■

Orange-breasted Falcon Project

Staff-This project is conducted by Angel Muela, Nadia Sureda, and Saskia Santamaria. Cal Sandfortprovides overall direction for captive propagation and Magaly Linares provides veterinary support.José de Los Santos López, Bolívar Rodríguez, Francisco Barrios, Noel Guerra, and Próspero Gaitán alsoprovide assistance.

Mia Jessen and Andrew Heath made important contributions during 2002. Field work in Peru isconducted by Oscar Beingolea.

Cooperators-We collaborate in Panama with Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) and ComarcaEmberá-Wounaan, and in Guatemala with Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (CONAP). Assistancewas provided by Helipan Corporation, Piñas Bay Resorts, S.A., and Pantiacolla Lodge, Peru. Robert Berryis a research associate in development of captive breeding techniques for this falcon. Financial sup-port was provided by Wolf Creek Charitable Trust.

To understand the species’status and consequences ofpopulation isolation in frag-mented landscapes, and todevelop captive breedingand release methods forfuture species restoration ormanagement.G

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Above: Orange-breasted Falcon in its natu-ral habitat.Right: Our breeding facility for Orange-breasted Falcons at the Neotropical Rap-tor Center in Panama.

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The West Indies form asweeping 2,400 mile arc ofislands that run east andsouth from Cuba to Grenada.The islands are a critical linkin the migration routes ofover 100 species of birds that

breed in North America and winter in the south. They alsosupport a number of species that are found only on theislands and are vulnerable to extinction because their habitatand range are so severely limited. The raptors found only onthe West Indies islands of the Caribbean are no exception.

This project aims to conserve the rare and endangered rap-tors in this region by understanding their ecology, developinglocal capacity for conservation, and implementing interven-tions designed to protect habitat and species in jeopardy. Wefocus on the Grenada Hook-billed Kite, the Ridgway’s Hawkin Dominican Republic, and the Cuban Kite and Gundlach’sHawk in Cuba.

In Grenada, we have conducted surveys throughout theisland and found about 40 individual kites, some in areasfrom which they had not previously been reported. In 2000,we found two nesting pairs and two pairs exhibiting nestingbehavior. In 2001, we found three pairs nesting, two ofwhich provided the first evidence that kites nest in wet foresthabitat. Surveys continued in 2002 with the involvement andtraining of a biologist from the Department of Forestry whowill monitor the kites annually and search for nesting birds.

In Dominican Republic, the Ridgway’s Hawk is a criticallyendangered and poorly known raptor. It appears to be con-fined now to the eastern part of the island in Los HaitisesNational Park. In 2000, we spent one week in and aroundthis park and observed one bird inside the park and heardone bird in a forest fragment about 4 km from the parkboundary. We returned in 2002 to complete more intensivesurveys and train a local survey team.

Cuba is the largest of the islands in the Caribbean andsupports a unique biodiversity. We are providing support andadvice to two Cuban biologists to find and study the criticallyendangered and possibly extinct Cuban Kite, the poorly

known Gundlach’s Hawk, and to study the biology ofPeregrine Falcons that breed on the island.

■ RESULTSIn 2002 we conducted surveys on and moni-

tored Grenada Hook-billed Kites during Augustand found two nesting pairs. In the three seasons ofsurveying and searching for kites we have located 13pairs of which seven have attempted breeding. Grenadianbiologist Desmond McQueen began searching for and moni-toring kites in August and we will continue to support hisefforts through 2003.

In Dominican Republic during February and March wesurveyed for Ridgway’s Hawks in the Los Haitises NationalPark. The limestone karst landscape of the park provides somesafety and seclusion to the hawks, but makes our task of find-

ing them to assess their numbers very difficult. We entered thepark from both the ocean side on the northern boundary andfrom the island interior on the southern edge. We located 19territorial pairs, of which five pairs attempted nesting, andthree pairs were successful in fledging five young. Weemployed and trained two Los Haitises National Park guards,Juan Cespedes and Samuel Valbuena de la Rosa, to conductsearches for territorial pairs and nest sites on an ongoing basis.

In Cuba, we are supporting two Cuban biologists to con-duct surveys and research on the Cuban Kite, Gundlach’sHawk, and nesting Peregrine Falcons. The Cuban Kite hasnot been observed reliably since 1996 and is considered byothers to be near extinct. Four kite surveys of 12 days eachwere conducted in the eastern region of Cuba where the lastsightings were made, but no kites were positively identified.The nesting site of Peregrine Falcons was checked duringthree weeks of July and August but no birds were found.

■ FUTURE PLANSSurveys and ecological studies on the Ridgway’s Hawk are

planned to determine the species’ population status andunderstand what factors limit their distribution and abun-

dance within Dominican Republic. Potential factorsthat we will investigate include food sources and pos-sible limitations. Evidence of persecution by peopleexists so we will collaborate with FundacionMoscoso Puello, a non-governmental conservation

organization in Dominican Republic, to begin aware-ness and education in communities around the national

park to limit this cause of mortality.Monitoring of the Grenada Hook-billed Kite population

will continue until we have sufficient knowledge to deter-mine the most effective conservation interventions for thisspecies. In Cuba, our local partners will continue their sur-veys for Cuban Kites and research will begin on nestingPeregrine Falcons and Gundlach’s Hawks as soon as breed-ing pairs are found. ■

West Indies Project

Staff-This project is managed by Russell Thorstrom.Collaborators-We work in partnership with Jesús Almonte of FMP, Inc. and Los Haitises National Parkguards Juan Cespedes and Samuel Valbuena de la Rosa, Grenada Dry Forest Biodiversity ConservationProject, Grenada Forestry Department, Alan Joseph, Anthony Jeremiah, Michael Jessamy, MichaelPhilips, and Rolax Frederick. Independent researchers Edward Massiah from Barbados and RichardGerhardt and Bonnie Rusk in the United States provided assistance and expertise. In Dominican

Republic, we appreciate advice given by Jim Wiley of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, andcollaboration from the National Parks Department, Matilda Mota, Fundacíon Moscoso Puello, AndrésFerrer, the Hispaniola Ornithological Society, Kate Wallace, and Eladio Fernández. Financial support forthis project was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and TheWalt Disney Company Foundation Conservation Awards.

To help prevent the extinc-tion of raptors found onlyon the islands of the WestIndies and conserve nativehabitats that are so impor-tant for migrating birds.G

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Left: Female Ridgway’s Hawk perched near her nest.Below: Edward Massiah (left) and Desmond McQueenobserving a Grenada Hook-billed Kite nest.

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The Pan-Africa Raptor Conservation Program covers conservation interventions and raptor research throughout Africaand its associated islands (the Ethiopian biogeographic region) and has been in existence as a program since 1990.Since beginning, this program has supported research and developed conservation capacity in Kenya, Ethiopia, IvoryCoast, Cape Verde, Madagascar, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Over 25 students have been supported through M.Sc.and Ph.D. degrees. New information has been collected on 27 of the 89 diurnal raptors that occur in the region,and conservation interventions achieved for three of the 16 species listed as globally threatened.

■ RESULTSCape Verde Kite Project: Our goal in the Cape Verde islands is to help prevent the extinction of the Cape Verde

Kite and promote the conservation of other raptors found only on the Cape Verde islands. Surveys for Cape Verde RedKites in May through August 2001 located six individuals. We returned to Cape Verde in June 2002 and located a mixed

group of Cape Verde and Black Kites on Maio Island. Five kites were captured and transferred by chartered aircraft to ourtemporary facility on Boavista Island until veterinary and export/import permits could be secured. They were flown to the

United Kingdom on 20 September where they entered a quarantine facility for 30 days of isolation before transfer to theNational Birds of Prey Centre where they are now under the care of Jemima Parry-Jones. Once in the hand, the kites were foundto share characteristics of both Red Kites and Black Kites with substantial variation between individuals. It was clear fromplumage and morphological measurements that none of the kites captured could be reliably identified as either Cape Verde orBlack Kites and that molecular genetics will be needed to determine if and how these birds may be paired to breed and preservethe genes of Cape Verde Red Kites. Based on the results of the molecular genetics study, we may need to return to Cape Verdeto trap additional Cape Verde Kites. We hope to conduct field studies on the kites of Cape Verde to better understand theirmovements and breeding behavior. Collectively, this information should assist us in assessing the needs and value of further con-servation interventions.

Cape Vulture Project: We continued support of Pat Benson in South Africa for his long-term population study on theendangered Cape Vulture. He aims to use the knowledge gained to mitigate human impacts on the species’ survival. The decline in the numbers of breed-ing pairs at the Kransberg vulture colony continued this season with 667 occupied sites from a high of 977 in 1984. Eggs were laid in 636 active sites, fromwhich 393 nestlings fledged (58.9% of occupied sites and 61.8% of active sites). Despite the decline in number of occupied nests, this was the fifth highestnumber of nestlings fledged from this colony in the past 10 seasons (range = 257–472), and proportionally the highest number of fledglings per nest siteknown in the last 22 years. At least 455 active nest sites were monitored at Manutsa colony during the 2002/2003 nesting season, from which 303 nestlingsfledged. The number of active nests has remained almost constant since detailed observations began in the 2000/2001 season. The number of fledglings peractive nest site compared between the Manutsa and Kransberg colonies were similar. Monitoring of population size, breeding success, and mortality will berepeated at both colonies in the 2003/2004 season. Results will be presented at scientific meetings and published. Help will be provided to MarakeleNational Park to set up a public viewing site of the Kransberg colony with telescopes and information about the Cape Vultures and their conservation.

Bale Mountain Raptor Project, Ethiopia: In 2002 we provided a grant to Simon Thirgood, University of Stirling, United Kingdom, to begin a studyof the unique raptor community of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia. The Bale Mountains support a diverse assemblage of predators, including six species ofAquila eagles (Tawny, Steppe, Black, Golden, Lesser-spotted, and Greater-spotted Eagles) and the endangered Ethiopian Wolf. They depend on a high den-sity, high mountain community of rodents for prey. Local pastoralists use the area, including Bale Mountain National Park, for grazing their livestock, whichcompete with these prey animals for forage and affect the predators through the food chain. The study will be of immediate value in planning conservationaction for this unique and endangered ecosystem.

■ FUTURE PLANSWe hope to expand our research, conservation, and training opportunities to additional countries in Africa, ultimately to develop raptor conservation

capacity throughout the continent and its islands. We also hope to develop a small grants program to help support valuable research and conservation proj-ects by qualified individuals from Africa.

Please see the following five pages for further projects and results within this program. ■

Staff-Rick Watson directs the Pan-Africa Raptor Conservation Program, with assistance in Cape Verdefrom Sabine Hille, Jim Willmarth, Simon Thomsett, Andrew Heath, and Mia Jessen.Cooperators-We collaborate with the National Birds of Prey Centre, United Kingdom, Cape Verde Min-istry of Agriculture and Fisheries (Executive Secretariat for the Environment), Instituto Nacional de

Investigação e Desenvolvimenta Agrário (INIDA), Cape Verde Project Natura 2000, University of theWitwatersrand, South Africa, University of Nottingham and University of Stirling, United Kingdom, andothers listed with projects in the following pages. Important financial support comes from The WaltDisney Company Foundation Conservation Awards and Paul Tudor Jones, II.

To conserve raptorsand their habitatsthrough research,education, develop-ment of local capacityfor conservation andscience, and hands-onintervention.

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The Zimbabwe Project wasone of The Peregrine Fund’sfirst in Africa, begun in 1983with a focus on the rare andlittle-known Teita Falcon.Our partnership with theZimbabwe Falconers’ Club(ZFC) has been the basis ofour efforts in Zimbabwe.With a relatively small invest-ment of financial support and technical expertise from ThePeregrine Fund, the ZFC has become a significant leader inraptor conservation and research in the region. Much hasbeen accomplished, including landmark investigations intothe effect of DDT on the Peregrine Falcon and other raptors,the status and distribution of Teita, Peregrine, and LannerFalcons, raptor community studies in Batoka Gorge, Save,Triangle, and Malilangwe Conservancies, Esigodini, andMatobo Hills, and training and local capacity development athigh school and graduate levels.

■ RESULTSDespite on-going political problems in Zimbabwe, a com-

prehensive program of raptor studies and monitoring wasachieved in 2002. Our raptor community studies on privatelyowned wildlife conservancies have demonstrated the vitalrole of these areas in regional conservation strategies that aredeveloping so-called “trans-frontier Peace Parks.” Both theMalilangwe and Save Conservancy areas fall within theframework of the massive Kruger, Banhine-Zinave, andGonarezhou Trans-frontier Park (95,712 km2). BatokaGorge is within the framework of the Four Corners Trans-frontier Park. Wildlife and wildlands constitute what is prob-ably Zimbabwe’s most valuable and unique resource. Con-servation and multiple use of these resources has thepotential to uplift local economies and the national conserva-

tion effort. Our work is improving public awareness of theneed to conserve raptors properly in these areas and is foster-ing an understanding of their vital role in the ecology ofthese ecosystems.

Objectives of our raptor community studies are to identifythe full diversity of raptors breeding and visiting the area,measure their breeding densities, identify their prey, andassess the factors that limit the species’ distribution and abun-dance. Some of our studies involve long-term monitoring,such as at Esigodini where species such as Wahlberg’s, AfricanHawk, and Martial Eagles have been studied since 1961.Studies have also continued on the biology of selectedspecies, including Teita, Peregrine, and Lanner Falcons, BatHawk, Crowned Eagle, and Black, Ovambo, and Little Spar-rowhawks. Some highlights include finding a particularly highdensity of Crowned Eagles—11 pairs in the 500 km2 studyarea in the Save Conservancy, where nests were only 3.9 kmapart; and finding 10 pairs of African Hawk Eagles and sixpairs of Crowned Eagles among the rich diversity of raptorsthat inhabit 40 km2 of hills in the Malilangwe Conservancy.

Publication of these studies and sharing information withstakeholders is an important goal of our program. The com-pilation and funding of a 140-page Special Edition of Hon-eyguide (Journal of Birdlife Zimbabwe) devoted entirely to theaccomplishments of the ZFC and other scientific publicationswere achieved this year.

Our project continues to be servedwell by ZFC and other volunteers whoare, in turn, products of our training pro-gram. Training has been upgraded to includea certificate course in raptor field biology offeredat Falcon College, and the launch in 2002 of a scout trainingprogram at Malilangwe.

■ FUTURE PLANSIn the short-term, we plan to continue the valuable stud-

ies and training that are currently in progress with emphasison work in the Malilangwe Conservancy. The uncertaintycaused by political and social upheaval in Zimbabwe makes itdifficult to look far into the future of this project. ■

Zimbabwe

Staff-Ron Hartley manages the Zimbabwe Project.Cooperators-We collaborate with the Zimbabwe Falconers’ Club and the Zimbabwe Department ofNational Parks and Wild Life Management. Financial support for this project was provided by Paul

Tudor Jones, II, Malilangwe Conservation Trust, David Maritz, and other important donors. Support wasreceived in Zimbabwe from Dunlop Co., United Spring Co., Gorges Lodge, Mokore Safaris, Adrift Co.,Triangle Ranch, Ltd., and Kwali Camp, Malilangwe.

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Left: Project manager Ron Hartley with supporter Paul Tudor Jones, II.Above: Lanner Falcon.

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Africa’s wild open spacesteem with a unique array ofbirds, mammals, and otherwildlife whose survival isinextricably linked to a spec-tacular diversity of habitats.East Africa supports morethan 80% of all bird speciesrecorded in sub-Saharan

Africa. This includes nearly 20% of the world’s raptor species,three-quarters of which are considered poorly known, andthe survival of many is in jeopardy. The human population insub-Saharan Africa continues to expand at one of the world’shighest rates, putting natural resources under severe pressureand dramatically altering ecosystems on which raptorsdepend. Ethnic strife and political instability, disease, poverty,desertification, and low literacy levels combine to create mon-umental conservation challenges for the 21st Century. Biolo-gists must achieve conservation goals alongside human devel-opment to ensure sustainable results.

Simon Thomsett and Munir Virani have been conductingraptor research, training, education, and awareness programssince the inception of the project in 1992. Our primary goalis to monitor population trends of raptors at risk to provide ascience-based warning of population declines in need of aconservation response. Our field studies on rare and threat-ened species enable us to develop rigorous conservationstrategies. Throughout this work, we create opportunities forhands-on research, education, and training of students andothers to develop local expertise and enthusiasm to ensurecontinuity in raptor biology and conservation of biodiversity.

■ RESULTSCumulative: Over the past decade we have increased

knowledge about the population status and ecological require-ments of the endangered Sokoke Scops Owl, Augur Buzzard,African Fish Eagle, Martial Eagle, Crowned Eagle, Teita Fal-con, and Rüppell’s, Egyptian, and Bearded Vultures. Thesestudies have increased our skills to design and implementeffective raptor research and monitoring programs in Kenya;fueled interest, enthusiasm, and awareness among studentsand local communities; and enabled us to develop a network

and association with raptor biologists worldwide. We havesupported and trained six students at M. Sc. and Ph.D. levels.

2002: Gyps vultures: The possibility of a potential dis-ease spreading to vultures in Africa (see Asian Vulture CrisisProject) could have dire ecological consequences. In EastAfrica’s savanna grasslands, vultures play a key role in con-suming nearly 70% of large animals that die from disease orother causes. Our vulture research focused on populationmonitoring and hematological studies. We conducted aerialsurveys at Mount Ololokwe in the Northern Frontier andOl-Donyo Kwenia in the Rift Valley where we found popu-lations of 125 and 153 Rüppell’s Vultures, respectively. AtHell’s Gate National Park, we monitored 23 occupied nestsout of a population of 53 Rüppell’s Vultures and measuredbreeding success of the species at 39%. We conducted thefirst-ever hemo-diagnostic study on African White-backedVultures in Kenya. We trapped 14 vultures and collectedblood to archive sera and examined 23 hemo-biochemicalparameters that will form the baseline for future studies,essential in detecting a potential disease or contamination.

Sokoke Scops Owl: Using tiny (1.5 g) transmitters, weradio-tagged five Sokoke Scops Owls of which two were re-traps that were first radio-tagged in 1993. This indicated thatthe owls were long-lived and that tagging had no negativeimpact on the bird’s survival or behavior. By following atagged female owl we discovered a possible nest of a SokokeScops Owl. Two days after release we found the birdperched on a tree. We found a cavity about six feet belowthe owl that was 3.5 inches in diameter with the rim linedwith Sokoke Scops Owl feathers. Using a mirror we saw thatthe base of the cavity was lined with dry leaves but it con-tained no eggs or chicks. Unfortunately, upon tracking thebird a week later, we found that the owl had moved awayand apparently abandoned the site. Thus, while we may havefound the first nest of a Sokoke Scops Owl, we were unableto confirm the discovery.

African Fish Eagle: Kenya’s Great Rift Valley is dottedby a series of freshwater and alkaline lakes supporting a richavifauna. Understanding the population trends of theAfrican Fish Eagles that depend on these lakes is an impor-tant way to measure the health of Kenya’s changing RiftValley lakes. These suffer from increased agricultural expan-sion, fluctuating water levels, shoreline degradation, sedi-mentation, and changes in water quality. Our aim is to

East Africa Project

To monitor populations ofraptors at risk, understandtheir ecological needs, anddevelop scientifically soundconservation plans toensure their survival, anddevelop local capacity toachieve results.

The African Crowned Eagle, like the Harpy Eagle of theNeotropics and Philippine Eagle and New Guinea HarpyEagle in the Asia Pacific, depends on intact tropical forest forsurvival.

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understand how populations of this aquatic predator adaptto natural and human changes affecting the lakes. This yearwe expanded efforts to band fish eagles at Lake Baringo toinvestigate survival and study inter-lake movements. Thelake is home to an average of 35 individuals comprising 15territorial pairs. The breeding performance of at least sixresident pairs along a string of islands is dependent on localboatmen ferrying bird watchers who feed fish daily to theeagles as part of a community-based initiative. The lake’shigh turbidity from sedimentation impairs the fish eagles’ability to catch fish and may prevent them from reachingbreeding condition. Feeding the eagles annually generatesabout US $150,000 in tourism revenue for the local com-munity. We will continue our studies to investigate whetherfeeding fish eagles affects their behavior, breeding, and sur-vival. Lake Naivasha’s fish eagle population stands atapproximately 100 individuals and is showing an upwardtrend following a two-year ban on fishing.

Athi River Raptor Facility: The facility at Game Ranch-ing Athi River was expanded by construction of five breedingchambers for the Crowned Eagle and Bearded Vulture breed-ing projects. Organized school groups and wildlife studentsvisit the facility for educational tours, and it was used in 2002to house researchers studying vultures. The facility has playedan important roll in exposing government authorities to rap-tor management techniques, and Simon Thomsett continuesto provide advice and guidance to Kenya Wildlife Service(KWS) on issues of national concern that affect raptors toupdate and improve legislation.

Crowned Eagle: Over several years eight chicks have beenbred and parent-reared in the Athi River Raptor Facility. Thisfirst-ever captive propagation project in East Africa hasbrought the importance of Crowned Eagle conservation tothe attention of the relevant authorities and helped to prove

the value of hands-on captive breeding and release as speciesrestoration tools. Much of the success of the project dependson the KWS and staff of a nearby lodge who look after theeagles during release in Tsavo West National Park. Of fiveyoung eagles released, a leopard killed one male and a croco-dile killed one female. The other three have survived to buildnests and currently two show pair-bonding behavior.

Bearded Vulture: The cooperative project betweenEthiopian and Kenyan governmental conservation organiza-tions ended in 2001 after translocation and release of fiveBearded Vultures into their former breeding site in Hell’sGate National Park. After release, two of the five birds died,one female was recaptured after threats were made against herlife and now resides in captivity in a specially constructedbreeding chamber, and two others, a male and a female, wereseen in mid-2002 within 40 km of the site from which theywere released, indicating a possible growing attachment totheir natal area. Since then, work has focused on educatingthe public in those few locations in which Bearded Vulturesare still found within Kenya. Education of local people, espe-cially chiefs and school teachers, has had a positive effect withan increase in reports and concern. We are considering devel-oping a small captive breeding project with locally takenBearded Vultures. This will provide a slow but long-termrecruitment of individuals into the wild. Because of the long-term nature of captive breeding, other partners have beenapproached to take up the responsibility of captive breeding ifit is required.

Education, training, and awareness: We supported fieldstudies of two Kenyan students this year. Catherine Gatomegraduated with an M.Sc. in Wild Animal Health from theUniversity of London. Festus Ihwagi is an M.Sc. candidate inConservation Biology at the University of Nairobi. The AthiRiver Raptor Facility continues to contribute to education

and training in which students and volun-teers are exposed to wild and captive rap-tor management. We published a coverstory entitled “Nest Quest” in EastAfrica’s leading natural history magazine,Swara, that described our studies to finda Sokoke Scops Owl nest as well as depict-ing the deplorable state of Kenya’s forests.

■ FUTURE PLANSWe will continue to monitor Gyps vulture and African Fish

Eagle populations. We are committed to finding and describ-ing the first-ever nest of the Sokoke Scops Owl, as we believethat this knowledge will add significantly to both the forest’sand species’ conservation and management. The BeardedVulture project will continue to work towards a self-sustain-ing captive population from which birds will be released. Astudent will be identified to undertake an M.Sc. Degree inraptor biology in Kenya, and we will continue to encourageand support students in Ethiopia to work on the status of theGolden Eagle, Gyps vultures, and specifically the EurasianGriffon Vulture. We hope to train and equip Tanzanianornithologists in the method of raptor capture and tagging ina cross border project. ■

Staff-The East Africa Project is conducted by Simon Thomsett and Munir Virani.Cooperators-We collaborate with the Department of Ornithology at the National Museums of Kenya,Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS), Game Ranching Limited Athi River, Hell’s Gate Management Committee,

University of Leicester (United Kingdom), A Rocha, Nature Kenya, and the County Councils of Baringoand Koibatek. Important financial support was received from The Walt Disney Company FoundationConservation Awards.

Ethnic strife and political instability, disease, poverty, desertification, and low literacy levels combine to create monumental conservation challenges for the 21st century.

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Munir Virani prepares to release an African Fish Eagle.

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The Peregrine Fund hasworked in Madagascar since1990 to help conserve someof the world’s most endan-gered birds of prey andother fauna and flora thatdepend on habitats sharedby people with these raptors.We have completed field

studies on the endangered Madagascar Fish Eagle, whichoccupies wetland habitat on the western seaboard of theisland. In response to conservation needs we pioneered theuse of local community-based conservation in Madagascar toprotect some of the country’s last intact wetlands shared byfish eagles and indigenous Sakalava fishermen. This approachis now being used by others as a model for wetland conserva-tion throughout the island.

In the last nine years, we have succeeded in rediscoveringtwo raptors previously thought by some to be extinct, theMadagascar Red Owl and Madagascar Serpent Eagle. We havehelped create Madagascar’s largest national park to protect210,000 ha (approximately half the size of Grand CanyonNational Park) of rainforest habitat for these species onMasoala Peninsula and have provided expertise and training toestablish avian monitoring in the park as a tool to measure theeffects of park management on biodiversity.

One of our goals is to help develop local capacity for con-servation and science by providing training and support tonational Malagasy students and local people. We have sup-ported 12 Malagasy students at M.Sc. and Ph.D. levels, threeother students from the United States and England at M.Sc.

and Ph.D. levels, trained 20 local people as fieldtechnicians, and involved others as staff, volun-teers, and visiting students. Most of these stu-dents have completed and published studies onMalagasy raptors and other birds, fisheries, andlemur ecology. Many among this core group of

educated and trained Malagasy personnel con-tinue working in conservation and biodiversity,

including for The Peregrine Fund. We support a Malagasystaff of 21 individuals that are key to the future of preservingMadagascar’s natural heritage.

■ RESULTSIn the western central part of the country, where the

Madagascar Fish Eagle and Wetlands Conservation Project islocated, we are assisting in the legal transfer of control andmanagement of natural resources from the Malagasy govern-ment to indigenous communities and their elected associa-tions. The local communities have traditional practices thatare good for conservation and their legal enforcement willhelp conserve habitat critical for the endangered MadagascarFish Eagle. This project is pioneering the use of a 1996 lawthat empowers local communities to create resource manage-ment associations that are allowed to control and conservewetland biodiversity at the same time as meeting sustenanceneeds of local people on a sustainable basis. In 2002, weassisted the associations in marking the boundary of theresource management areas that are under their control andjurisdiction. We provided material, equipment, and technicalexpertise for the associations to continue low-cost monitoringof fishery and forestry resources. We provided logistical,material, financial, and technical support for governmentalforestry staff to visit and educate association members inoperating a newly established tree and plant nursery. Britishstudent Ruth Tingay completed her field study on the breed-ing system of Madagascar Fish Eagles and is currently com-pleting laboratory studies on the genetic relationships toidentify paternity among offspring. In the same area we pro-vided support to Malagasy M.Sc. student TolojanaharyAndriamala in his first field season studying the ecology ofthe Yellow-billed Kite in western Madagascar. He located sixnests and is conducting his research from our field base campon Lake Soamalipo.

Our second major project is in the rainforest of MasoalaPeninsula in northeastern Madagascar. Our focus has been toachieve conservation and gather basic natural history andecological information on endangered and poorly-known rap-tors. In October 2002, we located the third known nestingpair of Madagascar Serpent Eagles. The site was similar tonests we first described in 1997 and 2000, well concealedhigh in the forest canopy. Of interest, was the first evidenceof a two-egg clutch and siblicide in this species. Both eggshatched in November, but the second chick to hatch suc-cumbed to its older sibling one week later. Both the adultfemale and remaining nestling were fitted with radio trans-mitters in December and have been followed several kilome-

Madagascar Project

Staff-Russell Thorstrom manages the Madagascar Project with Aristide Andrianarimisa, Lily-ArisonRené de Roland, Jeanneney Rabearivony, Jeanette Rajesy, and a staff of 21 in Madagascar (see staff listearlier in this report).

Cooperators-We collaborate with the Ministére des Eaux et Forêts (MEF/DEF), Minstére de l’En-seignement Supérieur (MinSup), Ministére de la Recherche Appliquée au Dévelopement (MRAD),Association pour la Gestion des Aires Protégées (ANGAP), Organization National pour l’Environ-nement (ONE), University of Antananarivo, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi-

To prevent the extinction ofendangered raptors, assistin the conservation of criti-cal habitat, and developlocal capacity for conserva-tion using Madagascar’srare and endangered birdsof prey as a focus.G

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Radiotagged Madagascar Scops Owl of Masoala NationalPark perched at its daytime roost.

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zation (UNESCO), Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-Madagascar), Wildlife Conservation Society, Conservation International, Ranomafana National Park,Projét Masoala, Madagascar Faunal Group, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Institute, and many others.

Financial support for this project was provided by Conservation International-CEPF, Liz Claiborne

and Art Ortenberg Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Wildlife Conserva-tion Society, Ramsar Convention Bureau, Margaret Valentine, and several important individuals.

ters south of the nest. This nesting pair also provided us withnew information on their diet when small tenrecs, an insec-tivorous mammal, were captured and delivered as food to thenestling.

Aristide Andrianarimisa has been working steadily on acollaborative funding proposal to the Global EnvironmentFacility (GEF) for western wetland conservation with non-governmental organization partners Durrell Wildlife Conser-vation Institute, Wetlands International, and ZICOMA(BirdLife International partner in Madagascar). Aristide con-tinues to provide leadership for the Ramsar Scientific Com-mittee of Madagascar, participate in committees for imple-mentation of community-based conservation projects, andprovide instruction at the University of Antananarivo. Lily deRoland has continued avian monitoring on Masoala Penin-sula in northeastern Madagascar and surveys for MadagascarSerpent Eagles in forest blocks in the eastern region. Dissem-ination of information through instruction and publication ofresults is a consistent goal of all our projects and resulted in13 publications in 2002 and 191 publications since the proj-ect began.

■ FUTURE PLANSThe Madagascar Fish Eagle and Wetlands Conservation

Project is assisting two community associations through theirfirst three-year probationary period. We will continue to helpthe associations develop capacity for management of fishingand forest resource use so that they conclude their proba-tionary period with success. We will provide logistical andmaterial support, technical expertise, and education to thelocal associations to help manage the natural resources thatthey share with the fish eagles.

We will continue to provide research support to MasoalaNational Park. The expertise of our Malagasy staff is used tomonitor avian communities to measure the impact of parkmanagement on conservation of biodiversity. We will con-tinue our studies on Madagascar Serpent Eagles, providingnew information about the species’ natural history that isimportant for guiding conservation interventions in andaround the park. We have also begun expanding surveys inremote lowland rainforest blocks to determine the distribu-tion and status of serpent eagles throughout the easternregion of Madagascar. ■

Above: Short-leggedGround Roller of MasoalaNational Park ready to enterits nest.Left: The Peregrine Fundstaff and a local conserva-tion association preparingdocuments for the fishingseason.

Left: Gilbert Razafimanjatoassisting in the study ofYellow-billed Kites.

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Mongolian student, Nyambayar Batbayar, measures aCinereous Vulture nest.

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The Asia-Pacific Program covers the Oriental and partsof the Australasian and Palearctic biogeographicalregions. We currently focus on the most threatenedspecies on the islands between the Pacific and IndianOceans, the catastrophic decline of vultures in southAsia, and training in Mongolia where raptors are stillrelatively abundant.

■ RESULTSNew Guinea Harpy Eagle Project: The New

Guinea Harpy Eagle is the largest forest predator inPapua New Guinea, yet remains little known. We began

studies in 1998 when biologist Mark Watson spent 10 monthsmapping eagle territories in the eastern highlands. Since thenwe have supported Smith Asoyama and Amos Hatwara, twolocal guides trained by Mark, to locate and observe NewGuinea Harpy Eagle nests. They visit known eagle territoriesmonthly to assess breeding activity, and investigate reportsfrom local villagers of eagle activity in new areas. As a result oftheir reports, biologist Martin Gilbert was able to gather valu-

able information on nest sites, behavior, and prey selection at two nests with recently fledgedyoung. Feathers collected from the nests were used to determine that New Guinea HarpyEagles, genus Harpyopsis, may be most closely related to hawk eagles of the genus Spizeatus.Smith and Amos continue to monitor known nests on a monthly basis and investigate reportsof birds in new areas.

Mongolia Project: The main goal of this project, begun in 1999, is to develop local capac-ity for raptor conservation and research in Mongolia. As funds and time permit, we also hopeto bolster the historical respect for birds of prey held by rural Mongolians by documentingGolden Eagle falconry techniques and publishing a book on the subject in local languages andEnglish.

Mongolian student Nyambayar Batbayar was selected to receive training and supportthrough his M.Sc. at Boise State University (BSU). He began work at BSU in 2000 withhands-on field training from our partners in the Snake River Field Station and others. In2000 and 2001 he completed graduate level courses at BSU, and in February 2002 began hisfield studies on Cinereous Vultures in Mongolia. Little is known about this species in Mon-golia where it is relatively abundant. Recent experience from the Asian Vulture Crisis Projecthas demonstrated the value of collecting baseline data on population parameters of evennumerous species.

To conserve species injeopardy through research,hands-on intervention,and development of localcapacity.G

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Staff-Rick Watson directs this program which is conducted by Martin Gilbert and Munir Virani. Con-servation associates Jim and Joyce Grier work closely with Bill Burnham and his co-workers on thePhilippine Eagle project.Collaborators-In New Guinea we collaborate with the Research and Conservation Foundation ofPapua New Guinea, Wildlife Conservation Society, and the people of the Crater Mountain WildlifeManagement Area. Important assistance was provided by Banak Gamui, Debbie Wright, and Andrew

Mack. Genetic studies were done by David Mindell from Michigan State University.In Mongolia we cooperate with World Wide Fund for Nature-Mongolia, Mongolian Academy of Sci-

ences, Mark Fuller of USGS, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Snake River Field Station,and Boise State University-Raptor Research Center. Support was provided by the Trust for MutualUnderstanding.

Nyamba located about 150 nests in three mountainous study areas of Central Mongolia,Bogdkhaan, Khustai, and Erdenesant. These sites are subject to different kinds of land use andprovide an opportunity to learn about the effects of land use on vulture ecology. Nests werebuilt on small bushes and trees as well as cliff ledges and boulders. First nests and eggs werefound in late February when temperatures were still well below freezing. The first chick tohatch was found on 3 May. Several attempts were made to trap adult vultures, but only onewas caught and tagged. Several nestlings were wing tagged once old enough and later, viaInternet communications, reported from Korea by local biologists after migrating at least2,000 miles.

Nyamba participated in the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) in Beijing, China,in August and then returned to Boise to complete additional graduate courses. He returnedto Mongolia for a second season of field research in January 2003.

Philippine Eagle Project: The Philippine Eagle Foundation (PEF) is the primary organiza-tion working to conserve the Philippine Eagle and its environment. They accomplish this byemploying an holistic action-oriented approach to conservation that includes: field research tolearn more about the eagle and its environment; community-based initiatives to find long-term solutions to sustainable resource management by empowerment of impoverished humancommunities; conservation education to develop public awareness and understanding of thenatural environment; and through captive breeding and other hands-on management ofPhilippine Eagles. The Peregrine Fund has provided technical and financial assistance to thePEF for over a decade and we encourage others to do likewise. For more information pleasecontact the Philippine Eagle Foundation, VAL Learning Village, Ruby Street, MarforiHeights, Davao City 8000, phone (6382) 224-3041 and fax (6382) 224-3022.

■ FUTURE PLANSIn New Guinea we hope to find and support a student to be trained in techniques of raptor

research. This student will work alongside Smith and Amos in the location and study of harpyeagles, providing a more constant effort and systematic approach to the study. Nyambayar Bat-bayar will complete his M.Sc. degree field studies in 2003 and graduate a year or two later. ■

…we also hope to bolster the historical respect for birds of prey held by rural Mongolians by documenting Golden Eagle falconry techniques and publishing a book on the subject in local languages and English.

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The Peregrine Fund beganworking in the south Asiancountries of Pakistan, India,and Nepal in 2000 followingstartling reports that the vul-tures of the region had beendying in massive numbers. Asrecently as the 1980s one ofthe species affected, the Ori-ental White-backed Vulture,

had been considered to be possibly the most abundant largeraptor in the world, yet by 2000 this species’ populationappeared to have dwindled to nothing over large areas of itsformer range. Three species of Asian vultures are now con-sidered to be critically endangered, with possi-ble extinction projected in less than fiveyears. Declines of this magnitude in oncecommon species have not been seen sincethe extinction of the Great Auk, or thePassenger Pigeon in the 19th century. Therapidity with which these declines havetaken place may be without precedence, andthe possibility that an infectious or toxic agent couldcompletely wipe out a species of such abundance has implica-tions that reach across the conservation world.

Our aim is to establish the identity of the agent responsi-ble for the devastating losses that have been observed acrossthe region, and to develop a workable conservation strategyto ensure that remaining populations do not fall below sus-tainable levels. Our approach has followed parallel lines ofenquiry in the field and in the laboratory. We continue towork in collaboration with the Ornithological Society of Pak-istan and Bird Conservation Nepal, training local biologistsin techniques of field ecology, post mortem examination, andin the handling of tissue samples. Through our intensive andcontinual efforts at vulture colonies we have been able toproduce the first hard figures describing vulture mortalityrates and patterns, and productivity. Our diagnostic effortshave been carried out in specialist facilities across the UnitedStates, with the involvement of veterinary experts in avianand wildlife disease, pathology, microbiology, and toxicology.

Asian Vulture Crisis Project

To intervene in the threat-ening extinction of Gypsvulture populations acrossthe Indian sub-continentby finding the cause of kid-ney failure and gout-asso-ciated mortalities anddeveloping a scientificallyrigorous recovery plan.G

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Staff-This project is conducted by Munir Virani, Martin Gilbert, and Asim Muhammad.Collaborators-We are working in partnership with J. Lindsay Oaks, Washington State University; PatrickBenson, University of the Witwatersrand; Ornithological Society of Pakistan; and Bird Conservation

Nepal–Himalayan Nature. We depend on the collaboration and support of many other organizationsand individuals, including the Punjab Department of Wildlife and Parks, Lahore Zoo, National Council forthe Conservation of Wildlife, B.Z. Multan University, University of Agriculture at Faisalabad, Sind Wildlife

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■ RESULTSIn Pakistan the situation has become very serious indeed.

Numbers of breeding vultures have fallen dramatically at eachof our three study colonies since we began work in 2000,with declines of 33%, 88%, and 97% over an area of at least10,000 sq mi. We have found 1,366 dead vultures over twoyears in the field, with birds dying at a rate that is unsustain-able and shows no sign of slowing. Our field staff and stu-dents have worked tirelessly, and have now completed postmortem examinations of 335 dead vultures. Ninety percentof adult vultures examined have shown signs of kidney fail-ure, indicated by a white paste-like deposit of uric acid thatcoats the liver, heart, and other internal organs.

The diagnostic investigation is being coordinated byJ. Lindsay Oaks, an avian microbiologist at Washington StateUniversity in Pullman. Tissue samples from 56 dead vultureshave now been exported from Pakistan for analysis in U.S.laboratories. Tissue samples have been tested for the toxinsand infectious agents known to cause kidney failure in birds.Histopathology sections have been distributed to specialistavian pathologists throughout the country, including theZoological Society of San Diego, California; National WildlifeHealth Center, Wisconsin; The Raptor Center, Michigan; UCDavis, California; and others. Results confirm that the vulturemortality is not related to infectious or toxic agents known tobe involved in kidney failure in birds. Our analyses have ruledout the involvement of organochlorine pesticides (DDD,DDE, and DDT), and acute toxicity from organophosphatesor carbamates. A previously undescribed mycoplasma species(a type of bacterium) was identified in roughly half of thevultures sampled, but was determined to be non-pathogenic,and unrelated to the kidney failure. We must now considerthat the agent or process responsible for the death of Asia’svultures is either entirely new to science, or is a more familiarchemical or infectious agent that has affected the birds in avery unusual way.

In India, The Peregrine Fund researchers, Munir Viraniand Martin Gilbert, surveyed vultures across seven states togain a picture of the situation facing the country’s vulturesfive years after the first reports of deaths began to emerge. Asin Pakistan and Nepal, the Oriental White-backed Vultureappears to have been very badly affected with only smallnumbers of birds seen in the sites visited. Signs of dead vul-

tures were found in several areas, although none were freshenough to allow the cause of death to be established. Butthere was some room for optimism. Relatively large popula-tions of Cliff Vultures, another species reported to have beenaffected, were encountered in several sites, with 106 activenests found in two of the seven states surveyed. This suggeststhat the outlook for this species may not be as bleak as hadpreviously been thought. Further work is definitely required,and a return trip focusing on India’s Cliff Vulture popula-tions has been planned for March 2003.

Our partner in Nepal, Bird Conservation Nepal, contin-ued to monitor vulture breeding sites in the Koshi TappuWildlife Reserve in the eastern lowlands of the country about850 miles southeast of our study area in Pakistan. The sur-veys revealed that the Oriental White-backed Vulture breed-ing population in this area has declined to just six nests, areduction of 90% over just two years. On a more positivenote, increased efforts to establish a baseline of informationon the Himalayan Vulture in their remote mountain breed-ing areas were rewarded with the location of 44 nests in2002. Almost a fifth of all Himalayan Vultures recordedduring the survey were juveniles, suggesting a healthybreeding population.

■ FUTURE PLANS With the devastating losses we are recording across such a

wide geographical area of South Asia, we must seriously con-sider the possibility that remaining vulture colonies could becompletely lost in the near future. In the year ahead our diag-nostic efforts will focus on the isolation of suspect virusesusing specialized growth media, and the identification of agri-cultural chemicals and drug residues in vulture tissues. How-ever, with potential extinction looming ever more promi-nently we must consider the possibility that insufficient timeremains for us to establish a firm diagnosis before it is toolate. We are now considering emergency measures to preventthe total extinction of South Asian vultures, including theestablishment of a bio-secure captive flock. Should wild pop-ulations continue their decline below sustainable levels, thena captive flock could be used as a breeding pool from whichto base a captive breeding and release program. Efforts willcontinue at the field sites to determine whether vulture popu-lations may recover independently. ■

Opposite: The Bhandavgargh National Park in central Indiaprovides nesting cliffs for endangered Cliff Vultures Gypsindicus, and serves as a refuge for many other species suchas the Asiatic Elephant.Above: A variety of other animals share the Asian ecosystem,including this Bengal Tiger.

Three species of Asian vulturesare now considered to be criti-cally endangered, with possibleextinction projected in less thanfive years.

Management Board, Zoological Survey Department Pakistan, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-Pak-istan), and Pakistan Museum of Natural History. In Nepal, we collaborate with Koshi Camp and Depart-ment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation. In the United States we collaborate with the Zoolog-

ical Society of San Diego,The Raptor Center, University of Minnesota, and the Bodega Bay Institute.Important financial support was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, The Walt

Disney Company Foundation Conservation Awards, and The Summit Foundation.

Mu

nir

Vir

ani

Foundations

Tours/Admissions

Sales

Corporations

In-Kind Donations

Investment Income

Grants/Contracts

Individual Gifts

$2,570,763

$67,531

$136,278

$130,456

$225,236

$503,129

$1,072,217

$1,167,833

Species Restoration

Membership

Administration

Fund Raising

Education/Information

Conservation Programs

$2,373,103

$100,161

$206,545

$146,155

$550,532

$1,850,094

Income

Expense

ASSETS 2002 2001CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 289,792 $ 1,402,464Merchandise inventory 34,669 37,440 Grants receivable 191,683 50,000 Pledges and other accounts receivable 549,746 235,012 Prepaids and other current assets 46,696 37,572

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 1,112,586 1,762,488

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND ARCHIVES Land 1,513,000 1,513,000 Land improvements 719,944 758,881 Buildings 3,831,952 6,417,766 Trailers 168,690 150,123 Equipment and vehicles 1,479,360 1,283,210 Fixtures and displays 653,301 618,840 Construction in progress 29,132 21,865

8,395,379 10,763,685 Accumulated depreciation (3,179,225) (3,300,722)

5,216,154 7,462,963

Library 379,283 266,229 Archives 663,040 653,140

6,258,477 8,382,332

ENDOWMENT ASSETS Cash 35,012 21,893 Investments 7,018,126 7,514,514

7,053,138 7,536,407 $ 14,424,201 $ 17,681,227

LIABILITIES & FUND BALANCES 2002 2001CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts Payable $ 93,135 $ 80,484 Accrued taxes and expenses 8,744 804 Deferred restricted revenue 66,361 744,434 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 168,240 825,722

FUND BALANCES Unrestricted operating fund 944,346 936,766 Restricted endowment fund 7,053,138 7,536,407 Investment in property, equipment

and archives 6,258,477 8,382,332TOTAL FUND BALANCES 14,424,201 17,681,227

$ 14,424,201 $ 17,681,227

Balance Sheets • 30 September 2002 and 2001

30Many organizations and individuals contribute materials atno cost or at cost. Services contributed have been recordedat the amount it would have cost The Peregrine Fund.

Figures for this audited statement were provided byBalukoff, Lindstrom & Co., P.A., Certified Public Accountants.Full reports are available upon request.

31

$20,000 or more Lee and Ramona BassFoundation

Archie W. and GraceBerry Foundation

Mr. Harry Bettis

Mr. Frank M. Bond

The Brown Foundation,Inc. of Houston

Chichester duPontFoundation, Inc.

Liz Claiborne and ArtOrtenberg Foundation

ConservationInternational

Critical EcosystemPartnership Fund

Laura MooreCunninghamFoundation, Inc.

Roy Disney FamilyFoundation

The Walt DisneyCompany Foundation

The Charles EngelhardFoundation

ExxonMobil Foundation

Eyas Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Mark JamesForgason

Estate and Trust of Mrs.Esther B. Garnsey

Grasslans CharitableFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Z. WayneGriffin, Jr.

Karen and Tim Hixon

Houston Endowment,Inc.

Mr. Walter Huston

Robert Wood Johnson1962 Charitable Trust

Mr. Paul Tudor Jones, II

Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd F. Kiff

Laguna AtascosaNational WildlifeRefuge

The John D. & CatherineT. MacArthur Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. PeterManigault

Mr. Stanley Marcus

Mr. Steve Martin

Mr. Hal Maxey

Gordon and BettyMoore Foundation

Ruth O’Donnell Mutch

National Fish andWildlife Foundation

Jim and Karin Nelson

Mr. and Mrs. TomNicholson

Mr. Paxson H. Offield

Offield FamilyFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Henry M.Paulson, Jr.

Nina Mason PulliamCharitable Trust

Texas Parks and Wildlife

Trust for MutualUnderstanding

Turner Foundation, Inc.

U.S. Agency forInternationalDevelopment (USAID)

U.S. Fish and WildlifeService

Wolf Creek CharitableFoundation

Julie Ann WrigleyFoundation

$10,000 – 19,999 J.A. & Kathryn AlbertsonFoundation

American Electric PowerBoise Cascade CorporationBurlington ResourcesMr. and Mrs. Yvon V.Chouinard

Dr. Howard L. CogswellEdward W. Rose, III FamilyFund of The DallasFoundation

Decade Charitable LeadAnnuity Trust

Geo-Marine, Inc.Idaho Power Foundation,Inc.

The Kearney AllianceJoan and Herb KelleherCharitable Foundation

Diane A. Ledder CharitableTrust

Charlotte Y. MartinFoundation

Ross MattesonHarry W. MorrisonFoundation, Inc.

Mrs. Velma V. Morrison andMr. John J. Hockberger

Norcross WildlifeFoundation Inc.

Geoffrey R. NyePatagoniaThe PhiladelphiaFoundation (Gloria M.Young OrnithologicalFund)

Earl C. Sams FoundationJohn and Vicki SwiftMr. Alasdair TurnerJane Smith TurnerFoundation

U.S. Bancorp FoundationUnion Pacific FoundationWilliam and Noel WadeWallace ResearchFoundation

Wiancko Family DonorAdvised Fund of theCommunity Foundation ofJackson Hole

World Wildlife FundRon and Linda Yanke

$5,000 – 9,999Bureau of LandManagement, Arizona

Sydney S. Byers CharitableTrust

Mr. and Mrs. DougCarnahan

LTC Sidney Kent CarnieJames and Barbara CiminoFoundation

T. Halter CunninghamAshley Dorrance/ GenevaFund

The Fanwood FoundationGlobe FoundationMr. Walter C. Hill and FamilyFoundation

Islands FundJacobo and Greta LacsMr. Robert D. MacIntyreMr. and Mrs. Mike MaplesMr. William N. MeredithSalt River ProjectMr. Scott StruthersThe Tapeats FundThe Teddy FoundationThe Timken FamilyCharitable Trust

Peter T. TootJudith King and Skip TubbsDaniel M. Ziff FoundationDirk E. Ziff Foundation

$2,500 – 4,999Albertson’s, Inc.Mrs. and Mr. Laura BelkinRobert ComstockMr. Don ConnerEarth Friends WildlifeFoundation

Ms. Rebecca Gaples and Mr.Simon Harrison

Luther King CapitalManagement

Mr. Jed LavittMr. David MaritzMeridian Veterinary ClinicEstate of GertrudeOschwald

PennzoilQuaker State CompanyMs. Conni PfendlerMs. Faith Kalman ReyesSanta Cruz Predatory BirdResearch Group

Ten Times Ten FoundationThe Houston ZooMs. Audrey ThompsonDr. Jared VernerWells Fargo BankNorthwest, N.A.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert B.Winslow

$1,000 – 2,499Mr. and Mrs. FrederickBeland

Will and Margaret BetchartDr. Richard Bierregaard andMs. Cathy Dolan

Mr. and Mrs. Gary Boberg

The Bondurant Family Trustof the Fidelity InvestmentsCharitable Gift Fund

Mr. and Mrs. Jeff BrobergThe Brodsky CharitableFoundation Trust

Bill and Pat BurnhamMr. and Mrs. Keith P.Carpenter

Jeff, Kathy, and Jack CilekMr. William S. ClarkThe ConAgra FoundationMr. Jim L. CookMr. and Mrs. Frank T. CurtinCount Charles de GanayMr. Paul DicksonMr. and Mrs. Harold S.Eastman

Mr. and Mrs. Peter T.Edmunds

Enright Foundation, Inc.Mr. Louis Andrew FeherMr. Kevin A. FinnMr. and Mrs. Jim FrenchMs. Elana GattiMr. and Mrs. D. WayneGittinger

Mr. Victor GonzalezGrand CanyonConservation Fund

Mrs. Helen K. GrovesThe Hackborn FoundationMr. and Mrs. Ken HarrisonMr. Edward H. HarteMrs. Mimi HeibergDr. Stephen HillMr. and Mrs. Richard HokinIvorybill FoundationMr. and Mrs. J. Peter JennyMr. Summerfield K.Johnston, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. David Junkin, IIMr. and Mrs. Donald KayserMr. and Mrs. Harvey C. KingIrving Kohn Foundation, Inc.Mr. Frank Y. LarkinMaine Falconry and RaptorConservancy

Mr. David M. MalcolmMr. George MarshallDr. and Mrs. William MattoxThe McCrea FoundationMr. and Mrs. Harry C.McElroy

Mill Pond PressMr. Marshall B. Miller andMs. Claudia P. Huntington

Mr. Gary Mullard/NorthernStone Supply

Dr. and Mrs. Bertram GMurray, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. James C.Nelson

North American FalconersAssociation

Oregon FalconersAssociation

Ms. Carolyn OyerMr. and Mrs. Walter ParksMr. and Mrs. Spence PorterMr. and Mrs. Charles S.Rainwater

Sandpiper FundMs. Cynthia S. SchotteMr. Richard T. SchotteMr. Frank SerraMr. and Mrs. Will ShorMr. and Mrs. Bailey SmithT&E, Inc.Tate Family Charitable TrustTejon RanchMr. Richard S. ThorsellTucker FoundationRobert and Joan WallickWeyerhaeuser CompanyFoundation

Mrs. Erica B. Woodman

$500 – 999Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. AinesMr. and Mrs. Skip AndersonArizona Strip InterpretiveAssociation

Mr. and Mrs. MarkArmstrong

Ms. Donna BaileyMr. and Mrs. Stephen A.Beebe

Mr. John B. BeineckeBirder’s ExchangeMr. Ronald E. BrownMr. Kurt BurnhamDr. and Mrs. Tom J. CadeDr. Umberto Caproni DiTaliedo

Mr. David C. CareyMs. Christina E. Clayton andMr. Stanley Kolber

Cognizant CommunicationCorporation

Colorado Hawking ClubDr. Jerald L. CooperDr. John CraigheadMr. and Mrs. Bryan DagueMr. and Mrs. Peter DavidsonMr. Peter DeversMr. Timothy DohenyDr. and Mrs. Phil EldredgeMr. Donald B. EmeryDr. and Mrs. James H.Enderson

Mr. and Mrs. James H.Frazier

Mr. and Mrs. Bill FreutelMr. William Gadd

Mr. Anthony GarrettMr. Stephen GattiRay GilbertsonMr. David HancockMr. and Mrs. John F.Harrigan

Mr. Fred P. HayesMr. and Mrs. George HirschIdaho Falconers AssociationIntermountain GasCompany

Ms. Antoinette JohnsonMs. Tracey Kehne and Mr.Terry Walther

Mr. and Mrs. Jacob KirkmanMr. Dan KornbergPorterMr. Anthony LaphamMr. Steven LaRueDr. Lee LenzMr. Ted LevineChristine Gempp LoveFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Jeff MaillouxMr. Stuart C. MartinMr. David E. MasonMr. and Mrs. Don MastersonMr. and Mrs. James A.McAllen

Mr. David McMahonMr. and Mrs. George MellingMelling Family CharitableFoundation

Ms. Jennifer A. MeyersMr. and Mrs. RobertoMignone

Mrs. Paul L. MillerMr. and Mrs. William NeeMs. Natalie NicholsonMr. Richard OlcottPennsylvania Falconry andHawk Trust

Peregrine Industries, Inc.Mr. Marek PlaterPunahou School Grade 4Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence QuielDr. and Mrs. Thomas RaySan Antonio ZoologicalGardens & Aquarium

Dr. Thomas J. TempletonMr. and Mrs. DavidThomson

Ms. Margaret L. ValentineVolare Air Charter Co.Mr. Byron L. WalkerMr. and Mrs. Brian J. WaltonMr. Robert WilsonMr. Lou WoyceXanterra Parks & ResortsMr. and Mrs. Jim Zachow

The Peregrine Fund is a not-for-profit organization andcan only operate through the support of voluntary con-tributions. Because no work could have been done with-out this financial support, the birds truly are in yourhands.We are proud to list the individuals, businesses,organizations, foundations, and agencies who have con-tributed $100 or more, including gifts of goods or serv-ices, during 2002.We regret that space limits us to listingonly those who have contributed at that level and above.Every donor is very important to us, and your continuingparticipation makes the programs possible.We thankeach and every one of you for your partnership.

If you do not find yourname, or find it in aninappropriate locationor incorrectly spelled,please let us know.Accuracy is very impor-tant to us and althoughwe try hard, sometimesmistakes slip by.

32

$200 – 499BP Amoco Foundation, Inc.Mr. Blair AndersonMr. Scott AndersonStanley J. Arkin FoundationMs. Betsy AshburnMr. Rick AshworthDr. Janet Jeppson AsimovMr. Gerhard AssenmacherMs. MarianneBakkerRabdau

Mr. and Mrs. WilliamBallentine

Dr. Ann BardeenHenschelMr. and Mrs. Hatch BarrettMs. Anne BartalamayMs. Lorraine BazanDr. and Mrs. Herbert JohnBeil

BennuMs. Marilyn BickingMr. and Mrs. Bliss Bignall, Jr.Anne Gordon HarperBlanchard Foundation, Inc.

Dr. P. Dee BoersmaMr. David J. BottjerMr. and Mrs. DanaBrabson, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Lorne V. BraunDr. Theresa L. BucherMr. and Mrs. Connor B.Burton

Mr. and Mrs. RussellBuschert

Mr. Dan CableMr. Thomas CantellaMr. Thomas CastellaneMr. and Mrs. Allen ChaikinMr. and Mrs. BlakeChapman

Mr. Gregory A. Chester andMs. Jean Connally

Mr. Steve ChittyMs. Esther CokeMr. Noah ColemanMr. Bill ConsiglioMr. and Mrs. John CookMr. Ramon Curiel and Ms.Vivian Neou

Mr. Thomas Galey DaterMr. and Mrs. John DayMr. Greg DepnerMr. and Mrs. Peter DoyleMr. and Mrs. Jack L.Dunsmoor

Mr. and Mrs. Chris duPontMr. and Mrs. DannyDurrance

Mrs. John Taylor EllisMs. Joan FaustDr. Damian FolchMr. Dallas D. Ford

Friends of BlackwaterNational Wildlife Refuge,Inc.

Mrs. Lillian FryMr. Robert S. FullmerMr. and Mrs. Tony GalvanMr. James F. GilpinMr. Walter GistMr. and Mrs. RobertGoldfarb

Mr. and Mrs. Barry GooldMs. Barbara GraceMs. Cynthia GrayMr. and Mrs. Joseph J.Grazaitis

Ms. Jozeffa Ann GreerProfessor Frederick A.Hagar

Hageman FamilyFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. WallaceHardy, Jr.

Mr. John HarrellMr. John HeffnerMr. and Mrs. WilliamHeinrich

Hens Tooth StudioMr. and Mrs. Kenneth HillMs. Tracy HolmesMr. and Mrs. Herb HoltRich and Marcia HowardThe William EwingFoundation and GraceEwing Huffman

Dr. and Mrs. Phil HunkeDr. and Mrs. Thomas R.Huntington

Idaho Bankers AssociationMr. and Mrs. Jim InceMr. and Mrs. Gregory A.Inskip

Mr. and Mrs. BryanJennings

Mr. Roland JeskeMs. Julia A. Jitkoff, L’AiglonFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. William F.Johnston, Jr.

Dr. and Mrs. Craig L. JordanMrs. Judith M. JoyMs. Fran Kiesling and Ms.Sharon Lubinski

Mr. and Mrs. Philip KinneyMr. and Mrs. Brian KnoxMr. Paul LeeMr. Ed Levine and Ms. JulieMulholland

Liberty Corporation andSubsidiaries

Mr. and Mrs. Bill LinkThe Bank of New York andThe George Link, Jr.Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Steven L.Littlejohn

Mr. and Mrs. Steve LoerchMr. and Mrs. William C.MacBride

Mr. William Mallon, Jr.Manchester ChiropracticCenter

Mr. and Mrs. GeorgeMarshall

Mr. Andrew L. MartinMr. and Mrs. Paul MascuchSenator John McCainMr. and Mrs. WilliamMcConnell

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P.McGrath

Mr. Steve McLellanMrs. Mimi McMillenMr. William MeekerMs. Katie MichelMr. and Mrs. AngelMontoya

Ms. Dorothy A. MooreMr. Nick MorganMr. Brian MutchNew Mexico FalconersAssociation

Dr. Ian NewtonMr. Leonard L. NicholsonMrs. Russell L. NicholsonNorth Carolina Falconer’sGuild

Mr. and Mrs. Peter O’NeillDr. and Mrs. Jerald LindsayOaks

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald OndrMr. Eric D. PaschalMr. Leigh H. PerkinsMr. Jay A. PruettMr. and Mrs. Ira PurchisMr. Peter RayMs. Sarah RichardsDr. Beverly RidgelyMr. H. Philip RobartsMr. and Mrs. John RobisonMr. Ruben Elias RodriguezMr. and Mrs. Rob RoseDr. Leonardo SalasDr. J. Michael ScottDr. Lucia Liu SeveringhausMr. Jack D. ShannonMr. and Mrs. Tom SharpMs. Sue SontagDr. Sally SpoffordMr. William R. StewartMr. and Mrs. Jack StoddartSTRATAMr. Scott K. StuartMs. Sally TongrenMr. Clinton TownsendMr. J. Townsend Tubbs

Mr. William C. TuthillMr. Wayne E. UptonMr. and Mrs. Joseph UrbanoMs. Benedicte Valentinerand Mr. Adrian R. Cummins

Mr. Bill VandervalkMr. and Mrs. John W. WadeMr. and Mrs. Bill WeilerDr. and Mrs. James A. WellsMr. and Mrs. Wm. W.Wessinger

Dr. Dave WhitacreMr. Henry WigginMr. Jon WildeMr. and Mrs. Dana A. WilkeMr. and Mrs. GeorgeWilliams

Ms. Maxine A. WinerMr. Edmund J. WlodarczykMr. David L. WoodardMr. and Mrs. Richard B.Woodbury

Mr. and Mrs. Jesse WoodyMr. Kim WoodyMr. Kurt Young

$100 – 19996.9 The EagleMs. Brooke AdamsAerie Nature Series, Inc.Dr. Patricia AgreMr. Richard E. AhrensDr. and Mrs. Kevin AlbaughMr. David C. AllaisDr. and Mrs. William AllanMr. and Mrs. Robert AllisMs. Barbara AmperMr. Eric AndersonMr. Mike AndersonMr. and Mrs. William C.Ankeny

Mr. John C. ArentMr. Raul Arias de ParaArizona Game and FishDepartment

Mr. Raphail ArnaudMr. Eric Arnold and Ms.Margo S. Mildvan

Ms. Edith S. AronsonMr. Allen Asbury and Ms.Teresa Maylor

Avinet, Inc.Ms. Lynne BachmanMr. Jerry BagnaniMr. and Mrs. RobertBaitinger

Mr. David N. BallMs. Sylvia BarbarichBarclays Global InvestorsMr. and Mrs. Mike BarkerMr. and Mrs. David BarryMr. and Mrs. Roy N. Bathum

Mr. and Mrs. Philip BattMr. William BaxterMr. and Mrs. RaymondBeaton

Mr. and Mrs. Doug BeckerMrs. Sandra BeebeMr. and Mrs. Tim BehrmanMr. and Mrs. Steve BelardoMr. and Mrs. Stanley R. BellMr. and Mrs. Jerry BeltramoDr. Paula BennettMr. and Mrs. Johnny BergerMr. Robert J. BettMr. James A. BevisMr. and Mrs. Eric DonaldBianco

Ms. Sally Lynch BinardMr. Steven G. Black and Ms.Wendie A. Wulff

Rolinda and Al BloomMs. Susan BoettgerMr. and Mrs. Larry BomkeMr. Anthony BooseyMr. and Mrs. Tom BoyleMr. and Mrs. Robert BredinMr. William J. BreedMs. Karen D. BrenderMr. and Mrs. Jeffrey BrindaMr. Hollis Brookover andMr. Milt Gillespie

Mr. Britt BrownMr. Duncan B. BrownMr. Richard J. BrunotteMr. and Mrs. William H.Bryant

Mrs. Helen S. BuchbinderMr. Neil J. BuckleyMr. and Mrs. Lloyd BulmerMs. Barbara BunnMr. Robert BurinskasMr. George L. BurnsMr. Daniel ButlerMr. and Mrs. Jack CaffertyMr. Richard CahallMr. and Mrs. Jevin CalvertDr. and Mrs. David S.Campion

Mr. Geoffrey D. CantDr. Steven B. CareDr. and Mrs. John S. CarsonMr. Robert CarsonMr. and Mrs. Lee A.Casebere

Mr. and Mrs. Ray CecrleMs. Vija CelminsMr. Ronald G. ClarkeMr. and Mrs. David CochranMr. Robert E. ColemanDr. Charles T. CollinsRobert Comstock CompanyMr. and Mrs. Kevin Consey

2002 Chairman’s Circle Members

We are pleased to honor this year’s Chairman’s Circle members. Their unrestricted gifts allowflexible response to changing circumstances and are critical to the organization’s operation.

+ denotes Patron and Premiere members* denotes multi-year membersThe Chairman’s Circle offers memberships at the Premiere ($5,000), Patron ($2,500), and Part-ner ($1,000) levels of unrestricted annual gifts. If you would like more information on theChairman’s Circle, please call our membership office at (208) 362-3716.

2002 Memorial Gifts and Bequests

During 2002 donations were received in memory of the following individuals:

We hope you will consider The Peregrine Fund in your estate planning. Memorial gifts andbequests are placed in our endowment fund so that these gifts can permanently support theconservation of birds and their environments.

We welcome inquiries about bequests at (208) 362-3716.

If you wish to make a provision in your will, the following general form is suggested:

I give, devise, and bequeath to The Peregrine Fund, Inc., an Idaho not-for-profitcorporation, located on the date hereof at the World Center for Birds of Prey,5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, Idaho 83709, the sum of $__ (or specificallydescribed property).”

Ms. Janet BermanMr. Edward BickneseDr. Melville L. CodyMrs. Jamie DaterMr. Walter A. DraegerMr. Malcolm Edwards

Mrs. Maude ElkinsMs. Winifred FisherMrs. Edwina GreskampMrs. Virginia HagemanMs. Stephanie Lynn HagerMr. Robert Heintz

Mrs. Kathryn Swim HerrickMrs. Lee HodgesMaxine C. KiffTerry KohlerMr. D. David LewisMr. William Mount

Mr. and Mrs. FrederickBeland*

Will and MargaretBetchart*

Dr. Richard Bierregaardand Ms. Kathy Dolan*

Mr. and Mrs. FrederickBrodskey

Mr. and Mrs. Frank T.Curtin*

Charles de Ganay*

Paul Dickson*

Mr. and Mrs. DavidDowning

Harold S. Eastman*

Ms. Rebecca Gaples andMr. Simon Harrison+*

Mr. and Mrs. D. WayneGittinger*

Mr. Victor GonzalezMrs. Helen K. Groves*Mr. and Mrs. Ken Harrison*Mr. and Mrs. Edward H.Harte*

Stephen Hill*Mr. and Mrs. David JunkinMr. and Mrs. DonaldKayser*

Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C.King*

Luther King CapitalMangement+*

Frank Y. Larkin*David M. Malcolm*Stanley Marcus*

Harry C. McElroy*

Mr. Marshall B. Miller andMs. Claudia P. Huntington

Gary Mullard/NorthernStone Supply

Mr. and Mrs. James C.Nelson*

Ms. Carolyn Oyer

Elizabeth B. Parks*

Spence Porter*

Mr. and Mrs. Charles S.Rainwater*

Ms. Cynthia S. Schotte

Richard T. Schotte*

Mr. and Mrs. Bailey Smith

Richard S. Thorsell*

Robert and Joan Wallick*

33

Dr. E. Newbold CooperMr. and Mrs. Tom CoulsonMr. Terry CrossMr. Chris CroweMr. Alan CzarnowskyMr. and Mrs. Paul D’AndreaMr. and Mrs. Robert F. DailyMr. James A. DavidsonMr. and Mrs. William DavisMr. Wallace DaytonMr. William DeCampMr. Dexter DefibaughMr. and Mrs. William L.Dickerson

Dr. David E. DinesMr. Michael P. DiOrioMr. John DolinsekMr. and Mrs. Philip D.Doncheck

Mr. and Mrs. John DornMr. Michael DouglasMr. Jeffrey DretzkeMs. Debby Du Bois PorterMr. and Mrs. C. Bert DudleyMr. R. David DuncanMr. Wade EakleMs. Shannon EckleyMr. and Mrs. John B.Edgerton

Mr. and Mrs. William M.Edison

Ms. Catherine ElliottMr. W. N. Elliott and Ms.Rose Polsky

Ms. Barbara C. ElwoodMr. and Mrs. John EmrickMr. Tom EnnengaMr. Richard A. EscutiaMr. Floyd B. EutslerMr. and Mrs. Morris EvansRichard and Rebecca EvansFoundation

David and Emila EveristMr. Leo E. FaddisMs. Jackie FallonMr. David Farner and Ms.Katherine Jeschke

Mrs. George FearingMr. James FerrisMr. Clark FidlerMs. Janie P. FinkMrs. Julie Nelson FirestoneMrs. Jean FischerMs. June FitzgeraldDr. and Mrs. RichardFitzgerald

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E.Fitzner

Ms. Margaret FlerchingerMr. John F. FlynnMr. and Mrs. Kent ColeFoley

Mrs. Peggy FoleyMr. George Forman, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Mike FowlerFrank Family TrustMr. William FreeMr. and Mrs. Thomas FreyMr. and Mrs. Roy F. Frock, Jr.Mr. Jerry GaffordMr. and Mrs. BrianGallagher

Mr. Tim GallagherMr. and Mrs. James D. GarryMr. Carlos A. GarzaMr. John D. GerhartMs. Beverly GholsonMs. Martha GibbonsKenyon GibsonMr. and Mrs. Richard GidnerDr. Jay GlassMs. Catharine E. GlothMr. and Mrs. Eric GoodmanMs. Kathleen GothreauThe Gourmet RodentMr. and Mrs. RobertGoyden

Mr. John GrahamMr. and Mrs. Barry GrantMr. and Mrs. Walon C. GreenMr. Donald Gregory, Jr.Ms. Fran GruchyMr. and Mrs. Gary W.Gunther

Mr. John A. Gwynne, Jr.Mr. Jack HaganMr. Arthur HallDr. and Mrs. John D.Hallahan

Dr. William L. HallahanMr. James HalliseyDr. E. A. Hankins, IIIMs. Kathy HaranzoMrs. Alan Harley and ChrisDr. and Mrs. Alan HarmataMr. William HarmonMr. Patrick HarringtonMr. J. Battle HaslamMr. Ikuya HatanoHawaii Planing MillFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. Larry HaysMr. Tony D. HeadMr. and Mrs. Ross HealdMr. Mike HenetzMr. James HenryMr. and Mrs. Melvin S.Henry

Mr. and Mrs. Bob HerrickMrs. Barbara HessMr. Vaughan HetemMs. Helen I. HodgesMrs. Lee Hodges

Mr. and Mrs. William K.Hoffman

Mr. Val T. HowardMr. Richard F. HoyerMs. Susan HoyleMr. and Mrs. B. KeithHuffman

L. Barrie HuntMr. Hans Kurt HussongIBM InternationalFoundation

Mr. Richard JacobsMr. and Mrs. Eric T. JenkinsMr. and Mrs. Terry JenningsMr. Larry JensenJockey Hollow FoundationMr. David L. Johnson andMs. Anne Nobles

Mr. Tim JohnsonMs. Beverly M. JonesMs. Maggie JonesMs. Valerie M. JonesMr. Irvine JordanMr. Anthony KaltMr. Bob KatonaMrs. Eleanor KelemenMr. Robert D. KellyMr. Steve KelminsonMr. Charles W. KilbourneDr. and Mrs. Thomas KillipMr. Brian KillpackMr. James M. KingMr. Howard KinzyMr. and Mrs. Mel LeeKirksey

Ms. Rio KisakaMr. and Mrs. Ken KitsonMr. and Mrs. H. A. KlabundeMs. Karen S. KleehammerMr. and Mrs. Ronald J. KleinMs. Cheryl KleinbartMs. Karen Kluge and Mr.Terry Rosenmeier

Mr. Perry KnowltonMr. and Mrs. William KolbMs. Patricia R. KorbelMs. Connie KulikTakashi and ReikoKurosawa

Mr. James LambeMr. and Mrs. Roger LangMr. and Mrs. Logan LanhamMr. and Mrs. Richard W.Lawin

Ms. Carol N. LawrenceMs. Connie LeavittMs. Paulette F. LeeperMr. and Mrs. EmanuelLevine

Mr. and Mrs. M. W. Lewis, IIIMs. Suzi LewisMr. and Mrs. Robert C. Lilly

Mr. and Mrs. James R.Lincoln

Mr. Robert LinderholmMs. Tyra Lindquist and Ms.Elizabeth Alberti

Mr. John G. LivingstonMr. and Mrs. RichardLueckel

Mr. R. Dennis LundMr. Daniel LutenMr. and Mrs. Robert LyonsMr. and Mrs. JohnMackiewicz

Mr. and Mrs. Craig MadsenMs. Ruth C. MagarMr. Melvin R. MaillouxMr. and Mrs. Gerald A. MakaMr. and Mrs. Karl MamolaMr. and Mrs. Gerry MandellMr. and Mrs. Bill ManeyMs. Camille MarchellettaMr. and Mrs. Niven P.Marquis

Mr. Bruce Richard MarshallMs. Amanda S. MartinkoDr. and Mrs. Allen W.Mathies

Mr. Michael W. MaynardMr. Ernst MayrMs. Jennifer McKennaMrs. Margaret McMahonMr. Michael P. McSweeneyMr. and Mrs. George H.Mead

Ms. Georgann MeadowsMr. Heinz MengMr. John MerchantMerrill Lynch MatchingGifts Program

Mr. and Mrs. Davis MerwinThe Michel FoundationMichigan Hawking ClubMr. and Mrs. J. A. MilanMr. and Mrs. Rufus L. MileyMs. Beverly MillerMr. and Mrs. Michael K.Miller

Ms. Susan MillsMs. Elsie MogckMr. Joel MonaMrs. Annette MountMs. Judy C. MurffMr. and Mrs. Amel MusticMr. George J. NaiserNebraska FalconersAssociation

Mrs. Patricia AntoinetteNeff

Ms. Pamela NegriMr. and Mrs. James NelsonNew York Times Co.Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Don NicholsonNorthern Arizona AudubonSociety

Northwoods Ltd.Mr. Mike O’CallaghanMr. and Mrs. William S.O’Keefe

Mr. and Mrs. William OakesMr. Michael OchsMr. Allen Olsen and Ms.Carol Silva

Mrs. Beverly OlsonF. Edward and Jeanne P.Osborne FamilyFoundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. CharlesOsterbrink

Mr. Richard PalmerMr. Everett C. ParkerMr. Robert O. PaxtonMr. and Mrs. John PeadenMr. Gordon L. PedrowPeregrine OutfittersMr. and Mrs. RudolfPetersen

Mr. and Mrs. Len PetersonMr. and Mrs. Lars N.Peterson

Mrs. Virginia C. PeturaMr. Gregory R. PiersonMr. and Mrs. Piet PietersMr. Douglas PineoMs. Laurama PixtonMs. Louise PlankPlantation Tune TechDr. Bruce PolandMs. Frances PopeMr. Stephen L. PoppinoMr. and Mrs. Bill Porter, Jr.Mr. C. Donald PowersMr. and Mrs. Ronald W.Prestfeldt

Mr. Noel QuinnMr. and Mrs. Greg RandallMr. and Mrs. RandyRasmussen

Ms. Robin Byrd and Mr.Michael Ratterree

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. RayMr. Bayard D. ReaMr. John ReardonMargaret W. ReedFoundation

Mr. Mark R. ReindelMrs. Karen Heiberg ReuterMr. and Mrs. Richard C.Ripple, Jr.

Mr. Mark RistowMr. Bob RitchieMr. Edward RobertsRocky Mountain PGAFoundation, Inc.

Mr. Pete Rodas

Mr. Gary RodeMr. Wilfredo RodriguezMr. Ronald RogackiMr. and Mrs. Ralph RogersMr. and Mrs. William E. RoseMr. Hal A. RossMr. R. Thomas RossMr. Stephen RossMr. and Mrs. Charles RothMr. Stanley M. Rowe, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. CharlesRubens, II

Mr. Gary G. Ruhser and Mrs.Jean C. Ruhser

Mr. Guy G. Rutherfurd, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. GregorySaathoff

Mr. and Mrs. Calvin E.Sandfort

Mr. and Mrs. Ernest W.Saunders

Mr. G. Brett SaundersMr. Michael V. ScalzoMr. and Mrs. Larry SchaadMr. Edward F. SchaubMr. and Mrs. Joel SchickMr. and Mrs. A. A. SchonderMr. and Mrs. DonaldSchriver

Mr. and Mrs. Dan ScottMr. and Mrs. Jerry SeligMr. Karl J. ShankMr. Mark SharkyMr. Richard SharpeMr. William R. Shealy, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Peter SheldonMr. and Mrs. Jeffrey SippleMs. Bobbie L. SmithMr. Clay SmithMr. Stewart SniderMr. Robert SokolSouth Mountain AudubonSociety

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph V.Spitler, Jr.

Dr. and Mrs. Rand S. SpiwakSt. James SpiritsMs. Susan C. StammMs. Patricia C. SteinMr. Jack M. StephensMr. and Mrs. EdwardStimpson

Mr. and Mrs. Regis C.Stirling

Ms. Sharon StramMr. Karl H. StriedieckMr. Tom StrikwerdaMr. and Ms. Larry StubMr. and Mrs. DennisSullivan

Drs. Richard M. SwengelMr. Robert W. Tafel, Jr.

Dr. Arthur TawatariTenet HealthcareFoundation

Mr. and Mrs. John B. TestaMr. and Mrs. Carl G.Thelander

Mrs. Dwight C. ThompsonMr. and Mrs. B. TintingerDr. Harrison TordoffMr. and Mrs. Al TragerMs. Mary TrapnellMs. Kathryn A. TrudellMr. John A. TrunnellThe Tuesday BirdersMr. and Mrs. Ben TuttleMr. and Mrs. Stephen M.Unfried

Mr. George T. UrdzikMs. Christie Van CleveMr. Alan VaskasMs. Elizabeth CrownhartVaughan

Mr. Larry Vaughn andMs. Margot LeRoy

Mr. Enrique Alfonso VelascoMr. and Mrs. Bill VelasquezMrs. Emily WadeMr. Richard C. WalkerMs. Erin WallMr. James N. WallaceMr. and Mrs. Lothar F.Warneke

Mr. Thomas WarrenMrs. Winifred WashcoMr. and Mrs. Arnold WatsonMr. Barrie D. WatsonCol. and Mrs. D. E.Watterson

Ms. Geraldine R. WattsMr. Fred WebsterMr. Gary WeddleMr. and Mrs. Leslie S. WeissMrs. Gillett WellesMr. and Mrs. John WelshDr. James Wetzel, Jr.Mr. Harold WilliamsMr. John WinnMr. Tom WitheringtonMr. and Mrs. Kenneth WoodMr. and Mrs. Dale C.Woolley

Mr. and Mrs. William L.Woolley

Ms. Susan YanchuckMr. and Mrs. Michael A.Yates

Mr. James YosonMs. Roberta L. YoumansMr. Leonard YoungMr. Tom Zipperly

Become a Partner

The Peregrine Funddepends on contributionsto fund our projects. OurBoard of Directors hascreated an endowment,the interest from whichfunds our administrativeexpenses so that 100% ofyour donation will beapplied directly to ourprojects. You can make acontribution through adirect gift, at work placegiving campaigns, orthrough planned giving.The Peregrine Fund par-ticipates in many payrolldeduction campaigns,including the CombinedFederal Campaign (CFC#0945) through EarthShare, an alliance ofnational and environ-mental charities andstate environmental fed-erations. You may alsoincrease or even doubleyour contribution to ThePeregrine Fund by partici-pating in your employer’smatching gift program.Ask your employer howyou can participate.

To donate directly to ThePeregrine Fund, pleaseuse the envelope insidethis annual report or joinvia our web site atwww.peregrinefund.org.

A Member of Earth Share

“Am

erican Kestrel and Grasshopper” ©

Robert Bateman • C

ourtesy of the artist and Mill Pond Press, Inc., Venice, Florida 34292

The Peregrine FundWorld Center for Birds of Prey5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoise, Idaho 83709United States of America

Non-Profit Organization

U.S. POSTAGE

PAIDBOISE, ID 83709PERMIT NO. 606

Business Office (208) 362-3716

Interpretive Center (208) 362-8687

Fax (208) 362-2376

E-mail Address tpf@peregrinefund.org

Web Site http://www.peregrinefund.org

Paxson H. OffieldChairman of the Board and DirectorChairman of the Board and CEO, Santa CatalinaIsland Company

William A. Burnham, Ph.D.President and Director

J. Peter JennyVice President

Jeffrey R. CilekVice President

Karen J. HixonTreasurer and DirectorConservationist

Ronald C. YankeSecretary and DirectorPresident, Yanke MachineShop, Inc.

Tom J. Cade, Ph.D.Founding Chairman andDirectorProfessor Emeritus ofOrnithology, CornellUniversity

Roy E. DisneyChairman of the Board,Emeritus, and DirectorVice Chairman, The WaltDisney CompanyChairman of the Board,Shamrock Holdings, Inc.

D. James NelsonChairman of the Board,Emeritus, and DirectorPresident, NelsonConstruction Company

Henry M. Paulson, Jr.Chairman of the Board,Emeritus, and DirectorChairman and ChiefExecutive Officer, TheGoldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Julie A. WrigleyChairman of the Board,Emeritus, and DirectorChairman and CEO, WrigleyInvestments LLC

BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE PEREGRINE FUND

Officers and Directors Directors

Lee M. BassPresident, Lee M. Bass, Inc.

Robert B. BerryTrustee, Wolf Creek CharitableFoundation, Rancher, Falcon Breeder,and Conservationist

Harry L. BettisRancher

P. Dee Boersma, Ph.D.Professor, University of Washington

Frank M. BondAttorney at Law and Rancher

Robert S. ComstockPresident and CEO, Robert ComstockCompany

Derek J. CraigheadEcologist

Scott A. CrozierSenior Vice President, GeneralCounsel, and SecretaryPETsMART, INC

T. Halter CunninghamBusiness Executive/Investor

Patricia A. DisneyVice Chairman, Shamrock Holdings,Inc.

James H. Enderson, Ph.D.Professor Emeritus of BiologyThe Colorado College

Caroline A. ForgasonPartner, Groves-Alexander Group LLC

Z. Wayne Griffin, Jr.Developer, G&N Management, Inc.

Robert Wood Johnson IVChairman and CEO, The JohnsonCompany, Inc., and New York Jets LLC

Jacobo LacsInternational Businessman andConservationist

Patricia B. ManigaultConservationist and Rancher

Velma V. MorrisonPresident, Harry W. MorrisonFoundation

Ruth O. MutchInvestor

Morlan W. NelsonNaturalist, Hydrologist, andCinematographer

Ian Newton, D.Phil., D.Sc.Senior Ornithologist (Ret.)Natural Environment ResearchCouncilUnited Kingdom

Thomas T. NicholsonRancher and Landowner

Lucia L. Severinghaus, Ph.D.Research FellowInstitute of Zoology,Academia SinicaTaiwan

R. Beauregard TurnerFish and Wildlife ManagerTurner Enterprises

James D. WeaverPresident, Grasslans CharitableFoundation, and Rancher

P.A.B. Widener, Jr.Rancher and Investor