The Peace Studies Field.ppt
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Transcript of The Peace Studies Field.ppt
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Hal CulbertsonOctober 18, 2010
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Historical OriginsScopeCriticisms
Responses
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The causes of war and theconditions needed for peace
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Peace studies is flexible, adaptiveEach institution, country, region has own historyMy understanding focuses on development of PeaceStudies in North America and Europe
Look forward to learning about development of field inSoutheast Asia
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Academic discussions of peace are largely by philosophers (i.e. Thucydides) religions (i.e. just war, jihad, mindfulness) lawyers (i.e. laws of war)
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International RelationsPeace studies rebellion against strong realism in IR fieldKey questions: causes of war, arms control
Religious colleges/universities Peace studies emerges at institutions in peace
church tradition ( quaker, mennonite, brethren) Key questions: ethics of nonviolence
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50-70s intl war prevention/elimination 80s conflict resolution, arms control90s ethnic and group violence
00s post-violence peace building,terrorism
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Global Events Forming the Peace Research Agenda
Event Understanding of Event Peace Research TopicsWorld War I: Trauma Loss of Crisis Control History, Causes of War
League of Nations: Encouraging Aggression, Need for Rules International Law
World War II: Trauma Again: Lost Control Strategic Study vs Peace Research
Hiroshima: Trauma Science used for War Disarmament, Arms Control
Gandhi in India: Encouraging Use of Nonviolent Means History, Cases of Nonviolence
United Nations: Encouraging Cooperation, Decolonization International Organization
Holocaust: Trauma Genocide, Ethnic Violence Human and Collective Rights
Cold War: Trauma Danger of Escalation, Militarization Conflict Theory, Conversion
European Unity: Encouraging Overcoming Ancient Enmity Integration and Democracy Theory
Vietnam War: Trauma Dependence, Imperialism Structural Violence
Totalitarian Dissidents: Encouraging Popular Moves to Democracy NGOs, Popular Attitudes
Dtente: Encouraging Confidence-Building Cooperation, Common SecurityEnvironmental Threats : Trauma Fear of Disaster and Conflict Scarcity, Conflict and Cooperation
Bosnia: Trauma Clash of Identities Ethnic Dilemmas, Prevention
Peacemaking:Encouraging Ending of Wars Conflict Resolution
Wallensteen (2001)
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In Europe, separate peace research Institutes Peace Research International, Oslo (PRIO) (1959) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)
(1966) Tampere Peace Research Institute, Finland (1970)
University of BradfordIn U.S., peace studies at universities and colleges Manchester (1948), Manhatten College (Catholic) (1971),
Colgate (1970) USIP (1984)
In Asia (needs your input!) Asia Pacific Peace Research Association (1980) ANU peace research center (1985)
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Journal of Conflict Resolution (1957) Journal of Peace Research (1964)
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Research, Education andAction
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A multi-disciplinary field that combinesresearch, education and action, focusing onthree general areas of study: the causes and conditions which generate and
sustain violent conflict the mechanisms and models for the resolution of
violent conflict and, the norms, practices and institutions for building
peace.
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Within these three major themes peacestudies pursues scholarly inquiry, teaching,and occasionally advocacy across threedifferent levels of social analysis :
individuals social groups from small to within
nations nations and in the international
system.
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Causes of Violence Methods for reducingconflict and buildingpeace
Values, norms, andinstitutions for peace
IndividualPsychologySocio-biologyPhilosophyHumanities
PsychologyCommunicationLabor relationsEducation
PhilosophyHumanitiesReligious Studies
GroupSocial-PsychEconomicsSociologyPolitical science
Labor relationsSocial-PsychLawSS writ large
SociologyPolitical ScienceLaw
InternationalSocial sciences writ large International studies +
SS writ largeInternational law andintl studies
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No program can do it all this is a FIELDNeed to pick niche Factors University mission, strengths, and weaknesses Political environment Faculty resources
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Research
ActionEducation
Gandhi/PeoplePower Revolution
Peace NGOs
Peace processes
International orgs
Religiouspeacebuilding
Nonformalinitiatives(communityeducation)
Primary andsecondary
Undergraduatefocus (criticalthinking about warand peace)
MA (professional
orientation)
Ph.D. - GeorgeMason, Kroc,Winnipeg, Payap,Uppsala
Causes of violence/war
Methods for conflictresolution/peacebuilding
Values, Norms and
Institutions
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Role of action in peace studiesNot like other studies areas, more integral Like nutrition studies, peace studies is not neutral aboutpeace and war peace is preferred over war, justice ispreferred over oppression
Action plays big role in defining research andeducational agendaAction often motivates faculty to get involved in fieldStudents often interested in peace action
Links to action also create some of thebiggest challenges for the field
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Intellectual Not objective Not rigorous (fuzzy-headed) Nave, ignores reality (particularly pacifists)
Political Ideological Aligned with party, movement, or enemy Using academic position to recruit youth to
viewpoint
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The Peace Racket - Bawer
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We are all communicators for the field of peace studiesNeed to be able to articulate what field isabout in ways that counter criticismsFallons making the case list
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Establish a clear intellectual statement of theparameters of their field and general field theexpertise that their program will emphasize;Derive a raison detre for their program fromthe mission statement of the college oruniversityPick workable (sustainable) curricular and
administrative modelsHelp administration and faculty colleagues toget it !!
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Faculty and course inventoryExamine other programsMeet and talk - and create and experiment -and evaluateBuilding a student recruitment and retentionstrategyAnd Communicate
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Peace Studies Justice StudiesPeace & Justice Studies
Justice & Peace StudiesP & J or J & P ProgramPeace & Conflict Studies (PACS)Peace & Global Studies (PAGS) (GAPS!!)Peace & World Order Studies
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The intro course the building blockMid-range courses of distinction: Conflict resolution etc Problems of peace and war Non-violent social change Media and peace; Gender and peace; Environment
and peaceHandling the experientialservice learning What to do with seniors?
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Demonstrate student interest/demandShow clearly that there is a field called peacestudiesDevelop faculty interest and competenceDo what we do with transparency andintegrityDont be on the defensive be comparative!