The Path to 5G:

Drivers, markets,

Research activities and

Technology framework

Dr. Taro Eichler

Technology Manager

Technology Day 2016, Singapore

June 1st, 2016

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Outline

2

Drivers,

Market,

Standardizati

on

5G

Requirements

Overview

Infrastructure

Technology

Trends

Research

Activities

Channel

Sounding

OTA Static

Beamforming

Analysis

Spectrum

OTA Dynamic

Beamforming

Analysis

Traffic Types

„Tactile

Internet“

Technology

Framework

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Mobile Data Traffic Growth and Trends

Mobile Video / Global Forecast by Region

ı Mobile video traffic will grow 11.3-fold

from 2015 to 2020 (CAGR 62%)

ı Mobile video will generate 75% of the

mobile traffic by 2020

Ref : CISCO VNI mobile 2016

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5G – Continuing the success of 4G

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Very high data rate

Long battery lifetime

Mobility

Massive number of

devices

Reliability, resilience, security

Very lowlatency

Very high capacity

Ultra Reliable & Low Latency Communcationmassive Machine Type Communication

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

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5GWhat can be expected

5

LTE R8/9LTE R10/11

LTE R12/13

2010

l LTE/LTE-A gradual evolution will not be sufficient, if the number of

devices (M2M) and data consumption will increase as forecasted and

if latency needs to be reduced significantly.

l Obvious that higher bandwidth and higher frequencies will play a role

l Potential new air interface(s), which would also allow to satisfy tight

latency requirements

l Integration of potential disruptive technologies

with LTE/LTE-A (2G/3G/WLAN) will be key!

2013 2015

LTE R14/15

Potential New

RAT

+

2020

“Horizon2020”

Adaptive New

RAT

LTE R14/15

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A potential timeline for 5G

Comparison with LTE

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Research

2015 20202012

Rel13 Rel14

Commercial networkscommercial

test solutions

Rel15

Development

2005 2010 2015

Rel8 Rel10 Rel12

Mass deployment

1st commercial

LTE network

R&S 1st commercial

LTE test solutions

Development

You are

here

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3GPP StandardizationSchedule

7

2015

3GPP 5G

Workshop

Channel modeling > 6 GHz

Release 15 Rel-16

ITU IMT-2020

Submission

Release 16Release 14

5G Study Items (Evaluation of Solutions)

5G Work Items Phase 2

Release 13

5G Scope and Requirements

5G Phase 2

Specification

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

5G Work Items Phase 1

5G Phase 1

Specification

LTE Advanced Evolution

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3GPP RAN 5G Workshop September 2015Additional design principles form 3GPP RAN WS

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ı 5G Phase I:

ı new RAT optimized for eMBB

ı Design principles: new 5G RAT of phase I should be forward-compatible to phase II,

but not backward-compatible to LTE

ı 5G new RAT as U-plane only (L1 and lower L2), signaling (C-plane) by LTE

= dual connectivity

ı Specification (stage-3 functional freeze) to be completed by H2 2018 (Rel.15)

ı 5G Phase II:

ı optimized for all 5G use cases / applications;

ı 5G new RAT also as stand-alone network

ı to be completed by Dec. 2019 (Rel.16) for IMT 2020 submission

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Outline

5G: Required Radio Technologies

Waveforms

Multiple Access Massive MIMO

mmWave Radio

fP

t Fiber

Interconnect

IoT

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5G Spectrum OutlookHigh bandwidth is only possible at high frequencies

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f [GHz]60 70 80 900 10 20 30 40 50

Available spectrumLink Budget

Used spectrum:

~ 700 - 900: ~ 20 – 100 MHz

~ 1500/1600: ~ 40 – 70 MHz

~ 1800/1900: ~ 120 MHz

~ 2100: ~ 120 MHz

~ 2300: ~ 100 MHz

~ 2600: ~ 140 MHz

~ 3600: ~ 200 MHz

Additional spectrum:

Chunks of 3 – 7 GHz!

Additional spectrum approved at WRC15:

450 – 470 MHz

470 – 608 MHz (selected countries)

614 – 698 MHz (selected countries)

698 – 790 MHz (selected countries)

698 – 960 MHz (region 2)

694 – 790 MHz (region 1)

790 – 960 MHz (region 1 and 3)

1427 – 1518 MHz (partly in region 1, 2 and 3)

3300 – 3400 MHz (selected countries)

3400 – 3600 MHz (region 2)

3500 – 3600 MHz (selected countries)

3600 – 3700 MHz (region 2, selected countries)

4800 – 4900 MHz (Uruguay)

4800 – 4990 MHz (selected countries)

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Mobile broadband communications spectrum Results from World Radiocommunication Conference 2015

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 f [GHz]

f [MHz]

694-790 1427-1518 3400-3600

source: RESOLUTION COM6/20 (WRC-15): studies on frequencies for IMT2020

Identified spectrum WRC-2015

Spectrum candidates WRC-

201924.25-27.5

GHz

31.8-33.4 GHz37-43.5

GHz

45.5-50.2 GHz

50.4- 52.6

GHz66-76 GHz 81-86 GHz

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ı Base station cell site is the major source of power consumption

ı Biggest expense is remote air conditioning

ı Target: 100 x Capacity at 1/10th energy consumption by 2020

ı Solution => C-RAN (cloud RAN): base station baseband processing in the cloud

5G network architecture: motivation for C-RANperspective by China Mobile Research Institute (“soft and green”)

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Outline

Radio Access Network Evolution to Massive MIMO

5-100 m

Traditional: 1G & 2G Distributed: 3G & 4G Centralized: 4.5G & 5G

0.45 to 1.9 GHz 0.7 to 3.6 GHz 0.7 to 4.6 GHz & 20-60 GHz

8 dual-polarized passive antennas 8 dual-polarized passive antennas 32-512 active antennas

Peak Data Rate: 114 kbps Peak Data Rate: 150 Mbps Peak Data Rate: 10 Gbps

Massive

MIMO

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Outline

Radio Access Network Virtualization

Elimination of cell boundaries

UE follows Network Network follows UE

Traditional Network

Data

Signaling

Macro Signaling

Cell

Data & Signal Splitting

Cloud/Centralized Radio Access Network

Radio Access Virtualization = New measurement paradigm

-15% CAPEX -50% OPEX-70% Power

Consumption

Centralized processing resource pool that can support

10~1000 cells: multi-cell joint scheduling & processing

X-haul

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Worldwide Research Activities and InitiativesOverview (chronological order)

ı NYU Wireless: US research center conducting massive work on propagation characterization at mm-wave

frequencies since 2012

ı 5GNOW: Non Orthogonal Waveforms (started in Sept 2012)

ı METIS: Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society (started in

Nov 2012)

ı MiWEBA – Millimetre-Wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access (June 2013)

ı IMT-2020 / Future Forum*: China 5G organizations (Feb 2013)

ı 5G Forum*: Korean industry-academy-R&D cooperation system established in May 2013

ı 2020 and Beyond Adhoc: In Japan ARIB established a new AdHoc working group in Sep 2013

ı 5G Innovation Centre*: 5G research in the UK started in Nov 2013

ı Horizon 2020: EU Research and Innovation program (2014 - 2020)*

mmMAGIC Project

ı NGMN 5G Initiative* (started at MWC 2014)

ı 5G Lab Germany* (TU Dresden, opened in Sept 2014)

ı WWRF (since many years)

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*R&S is member / active

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From Link Efficiency to System Efficiency

Link Efficiency

System Efficiency

Legacy

focus

Future

focus

One RAT: link adaptation with coding +modulation to send as much data as possible

System adaptation, to select the RAT thatoffers the best data transmission according tothe requested quality of service for each service

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Neighbor cell

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Synchronisation and orthogonality

Physical cell ID

Physical cell ID

Serving cellUE synchronizes to

serving cell

Ressource allocation is

orthogonal to other UEs

New connection situations require a re-thinking of sync + orthogonality: long standby time, MTC, heterogeneous network structures, various connection rates, simplicity of handling + re-thinking mobility aspects

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New types of traffic

Tactile Internet

ı High data rate and low

latency for videos, …

Internet of Things (M2M)

ı Sporadic asynchronous

Machine Type

Communications (MTC)

with medium latency and

energy-efficient costsSource : 5GNOW, “Unified Frame Structure and Waveforms for 5G”

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Outline

New types of traffic

Layerd type: Bit stream is sent over several radio link layers, even up to several

RATs. E.g. LTE and WLAN offloading or macro + pico cell in conjunction

00 11 01 10 01 01 11 01 ….

METIS: Type 2, layered bit pipe

Common buffer +

dispatcher

Scheduled RAT usage. Complex scheduling over multiple RATs

Orthogonality + synchronisation neededCOMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

New types of traffic

MTC type: Very low latency! E.g. machine type communication or device to device

METIS: Type 3, Machine type communication MTC

Not necessarily full scheduling. Orthogonality + synchronisation

May not be given. Sporadic channel access, bursted traffic

Multi-hop communication,

ODMA: opportunity driven

multiple access

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Outline

New types of traffic

Sensor like type: Very energie efficient! E.g. machine type communication or multi-hop.

METIS: Type 4, Sensor like communication

Not necessarily full scheduling. Orthogonality + synchronisation may not be given. Sporadic

channel access, bursted traffic. Long standby time, low data rate.

Energy efficient sensor like

communication. Cognitive

radio.

e.g. Fire detectors

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ı Order of magnitude of human reaction times

ı Exemplary latency budget of a system of the Tactile Internet

“The Tactile Internet”

Image: Fettweis, G.; Alamouti, S., "5G: Personal Mobile Internet beyond What Cellular Did to Telephony,“ Communications Magazine, IEEE , vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 140-145, February 2014

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5G The Tactile Internet – An exampleUltra-low latency enables new kind of services

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Dallas

New York City

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5G technology framework: waveform is just one part

goals is to design the air interface

to meet the application areas for 5G

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Why a new radio interface ? – parameters to be considered.

What Bandwidth?Wideband Narrowband

How long

symbol duration?Short symbol

duration

Long symbol

duration

t t

Repetition rate of pilots?

Channel estimation:

Pilot signals mapping,

how many and where?

or

or

Time?Frequency?

Spectral distance of pilots?

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Example of radio channel design vs. requirements

Example: If I want to go

with 100km/h by using

fc of 2.3GHz, I have to

estimate the channel

every 2 msec

Reminder: radio channel aspects like coherence time, frequency selectivity and thus the amount

of reference signals depends on the requirements, e.g. what is the velocity of the mobile user?

Coherence time

~ 2msec

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5G waveform candidates – some design aspectsOverhead Resistance to Interference Out of Band Emissions

Spectral Efficiency Flexibility Receiver/MIMO Complexity

TimeFrequency

Rx

Pow

er (

dB

)

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OFDM

Faster than Nyquist (FTN)

Filter Bank Multi-Carrier

Filtered-OFDM

Universal Filter Multi-Carrier

Generalized Freq-Div Multiplexing

5G Waveforms: OFDM + Filter OperationsFull-Band Filtering

Subcarrier-Band Filtering

Sub-Band Filtering

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5G – A(nother) new air interface

LTE air interface will not support all use casesı In particular low latency requirements require redesign

ı Many different use cases suggest more than a single air interface

ı Discussed candidates comprise: UFMC: Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier FBMC: Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier GFDM: Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing f-OFDM: Filtered-OFDM

ı Common advantages at the cost of higher complexity: Better robustness against imperfect synchronism Reduced out-of-band emission

ı Common key parameters: FFT size, number of active subcarriers, subcarrier spacing Number of symbols per subcarrier, symbol source

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reduced out of band emissions

Ideal: waveform is fully orthogonal in time & frequency. No inter carrier interference ICI & well known localization in time & frequencyBut: reality is different (real world channel conditions)!

no need to be synchronized + better spectral efficiencyfreq

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Very High Data RatePA Implementation Challenge

ı Existing power amplifier designs need to be adapted to slightly modified

frequency and bandwidth requirements (below 6GHz) or newly designed

for broadband support at cm-/mm-wave frequencies (e.g. 28GHz)

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PA

Provide different waveformSupport high

bandwidthSupport high

frequency

Judge frequency

localizationMeasure

modulation

accuracy (EVM)

RF A RF B

RF

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Broadband Communications: From Theory to Reality

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To: Real devices with non-linear elements From: Waveform theory and simulation

OFDM

FBMC

UFMC

GFDM

ARB

Waveform Files

R&S®FSW85 R&S®SMW200 DUT: Power Amplifier

-70 dBm

-90 dBm

Δ=20 dB

-45 dBm

-47 dBmΔ=2-3 dB

E2E testing required to compare & optimize new ideasCOMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

Downlink

Uplink

Guard band

Tx

Rx

Down- and Uplink

frequency

Rx

Txtime

Duplex = how to separate Rx and Tx?

Technology framework: Duplex methods

D S U U U D S U U U

D S U D D D D D D D

The classics: FDD (guard band)

and TDD (guard time)

The flexible: HetNet with flexible duplex

The future outlook:

Full duplex to obtain higher

Capacity

(at costs of higher complexity)

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Today‘s situation + future splitOutdoor cell

Today: one common RAT

for all access scenarios:

indoor, outdoor. High

velocity, large and small

cells, …

Outdoor cell

Future: various RATs for

various access scenarios:

indoor, outdoor, low + high

velocity, large and small

cell sites

i.e. low mobility, high data rate i.e. high mobility, large cell sizei.e. machine type,

long standby time

33March 2015

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Very High CapacityActive Antenna Systems (AAS) Potential

ı Very large (in terms of number of

Tx elements) antenna array at the

base station eventually also at the

end user device

ı Very small (in terms of dimensions)

antenna arrays possible at high

frequencies

ı Efficient OTA antenna pattern

verification is gaining significant

importance

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Beamforming and electronic tilt

Pattern A, Pattern B

Separate TX and RX tilt

RX

TXTilt per carrier / standard

e.g. GSM, WCDMA, LTE

Vertical sectorization

Feasibility Study: AAS MeasurementMeasurement Details

ı Far field conditions at 3.8 GHz with UUT diameter of 0.85 m (square with side lengths of 0.6 m) would

be reached at around 17 m 𝑅 >2 𝐷2

𝜆

ı Near-field to far-field transformation is required

FIAFTA: Fast Irregular Antenna Field Transformation Algorithm

Excellent flexibility (arbitrary probes, irregular grids)

Excellent accuracy

In use at R&S antenna test chamber in Memmingen

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Massive MIMO Passive Measurements

(Antenna)

Bas

esta

tio

n P

assi

ve A

nte

nn

a M

easu

rem

ent

Measurement Methodology

Spiral Spherical Scanner

Near Field to Far Field

3.8 GHz

0.6 x 0.6 m

6.0 GHz

radius 0.45 m

Angular

resolution5° 3°

Measurement

time2:45 min 5:30 min

Improvement

(vs. Spherical)32 times faster 40 times faster

Near Field E-field

Holographic Projection 3D Far Field Patterns

1710 MHz

Measurement Results

2170 MHz

Massive MIM

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0° tilt

30° tilt

Feasibility Study: AAS Measurement3D Results

ı Measurements of base station /

antenna array prototypes carried out

as part of cooperation between

CMCC and R&S

ı Collaboration with 3rd party test lab

in Beijing

ı Tests with base stations have been

carried out successfully for:

ı Angular resolution: 4°

(elevation & azimuth)

ı 11 frequencies @ ~2 GHz

3:30 minutes test time

QPS for Antenna Measurements (dynamic beamforming

measurements) RF unit with:

96 Tx Channel

96 Rx Channel

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R&S test solutions to investigate, develop and standardize 5G

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Wideband Signal Tests

New 5G PHY Candidates E2e Application TestingComponent Characterization

Direct measurements up to 110 GHz

I 40 GHz signal generation without need for up-conversion

I 85 GHz analysis w/o down-conv.I 2 GHz bandwidth

Massive MIMO - Beamforming

R&S®ZNBT

R&S®SMW200+6x R&S®SGT100

R&S®SMW200

R&S®FSW85

DUT

UP

< 40 GHz > 40 GHz

R&S®RTO R&S®ZVA

I Phase-coherent RF generationI Multi-port VNA

R&S®NGMOR&S®CMW500

DUT

Analyze application behavior like signaling load, delay, power etc.

CONTEST

CMWrun

Signal generator

SpectrumAnalyzer

DigitalOscilloscope

NetworkAnalyzer

R&S®FS-K196

Channel Sounding Solution

R&S®SMW200 R&S®FSW85

I fast measurement in time domainI support for in- and outdoor sounding I very high dynamic range

Signal generator

Data AnalysisSoftware

Spectrum Analyzer w/ in-build amplifier

R&S®TS-5GCS

R&S®SMW200–K114

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5G – The Sophisticated Successor of 4GTake Away

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Significant test & measurement impact from:

ı Use of cm-/mm-wave frequencies and higher bandwidth

ı New air interface candidates

– still a number of options are investigated

ı The need to enhance OTA measurements

due to beam forming and advanced

active antenna implementations in eNB and UE

Rohde & Schwarz is committed to supporting the wireless communications

industry with the solutions needed to investigate, develop and standardize 5G

Essential 5G research is still ongoing (strong global momentum),

activities progress towards pre-R&D level

Thank you !

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