The passive voice

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Chapter. 5

contents01. The Perfect tenses

02. The Continuous Tenses

03. Modal Auxiliaries

04. Focus on testing

01.The Perfect

Tenses

Present perfect

Active have/has p.p- New technology has revolutionized the communi-

cations industry.

Passive have/has been p.p- The communications industry has been revolu-

tionized by new technology.

p. 162

Active had p.p - Before the 1950s, researchers had not yet de-

veloped high-quality audio and video equipment.

Passive had been p.p- Before the 1950s, high-quality audio and video

equipment had not yet been developed.

Past perfectp. 163

Exercise. 31. In the past forty years, researchers have

revolutionized audio and video technol-ogy.

2. By the late 1980s, scientists had devel-oped compact discs and lightweight cam-corders.

p. 164

In the past forty years,

audio and video technol-ogy have been revolutionized by researchers.

By the late 1980s, compact discs and lightweight camcorders had been devel-oped

by scientists.

02.The Continuous

Tense

Present continuous

Active be + ingMany cities are using computers to help regu-

late traffic.

Passive be being p.pComputers are being used in many cities to help

regulate traffic.

p. 166

Active was/were ingTen years ago, cities were using traffic officers to

regulate traffic.

Passive was being p.pTen years ago, traffic was being regulated by traffic

officers.

Past continuous p. 167

Exercise. 41. By 1929, American automakers were producing

approximately 5 million cars a year.

2. By the 1970s, competition from Japan was threatening the U.S auto industry.

>> By 1929,

>> By the 1970s,

p. 168

approximately 5 million cars a year were being pro-

ducedby American automakers.

the U.S auto industrywas being threatened by competition from Japan.

3. People are also building new-transport systems.

4. These days, automakers are finding ways to make automobile engines more fuel-efficient.

>> New transport systems are also being built by people.

>> These days, ways to make automobile engines more fuel-efficient are being found by automakers.

03.Modal Auxiliaries

The passive voice with Modal Auxiliaries

1) can

ActiveToday we can use personal computer to write letters.

PassiveToday computers can be used to write personal let-

ters.

p. 171

2) may

ActiveWriters may use computers to help them do re-

search.

PassiveComputers may be used by writers to help them

do research.

3) might

ActiveA doctor might use a computer to get the latest in-

formation about a drug.

PassiveA computer might be used by a doctor to get the

latest information about a drug.

Can

May

Might

- AbilityEx) I can play the piano- RequestEx) Can you do me a favor?- Suggestion, PermissionEx) Can I get you some candy?

- PerhapsEx) He may know the truth- PermissionEx) You may use my car- HopesEx) May you live long- PerhapsEx) He might know the truth- Politer expression than mayEx) Might I ask your name?

Exercise. 11. We can define a robot as an “intelligent” ma-

chine.

2. Nowadays, people can design robots to do many jobs that would be dangerous or boring for hu-mans.

>> A robot can be defined as an “intelligent" machine.

>>Nowadays, robot can be designed by people to do many jobs that would be dangerous or boring for humans.

p. 172

Exercise. 2• Personal robots of the future will be more sophisti-

cated. They ( ) as complete entertain-ment centers, with the ability to sing, dance, even tell jokes!

• Moreover, all the electronic equipment in the house-television, radio, phone, computer, and so on- ( ) by these robot.

• Imagine: Someday, our dinners ( ), our dishes ( ), our laundry ( ), and our cars ( ) all by our own personal ro-bots!

will be designed

will be regulated

may be cooked may be washed may be folded

may be repaired

p. 173

04.Focus on testing

Focus on testing 1. Nowadays the majority of overseas telephone

calls ____ by satellite. a. transmit b. transmitting d. are transmitting

2. Their house _____ three times since they bought

it twenty years ago. b. had been redecorated c. has been redecorating d. has redecorated

c. are transmitted

a. has been redecorated

p. 177

3. Before turning on the switch, make sure the ma-chine ______.

a. plugs in c. has plugged in d. be plugged in

b. is plugged in

Thank you for

listening