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![Page 1: The PAMELA Experiment: Preliminary Results after Two Years of Data Taking Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste on behalf of the PAMELA Collaboration.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f385503460f94c54c36/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The PAMELA Experiment: Preliminary Results after
Two Years of Data Taking
Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Triesteon behalf of the PAMELA Collaboration
![Page 2: The PAMELA Experiment: Preliminary Results after Two Years of Data Taking Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste on behalf of the PAMELA Collaboration.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f385503460f94c54c36/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Moscow St. Petersburg
Russia:
Sweden:KTH, Stockholm
Germany:Siegen
Italy:Bari Florence Frascati TriesteNaples Rome CNR, Florence
The PAMELA Collaboration
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Overview
PAMELA physics
PAMELA apparatus
Preliminary PAMELA results
More about PAMELA at ECRS08:
A. N. Kvashnin “Measurements of cosmic ray particles in the energy range of 1011” (Wednesday, 16:35)
P. Hofverberg “Measurements of low energy antiparticles with the PAMELA experiment” (Wednesday, 18:05)
V. Mikhailov “Trapped charged particles measurements in radiation belts by PAMELA instrument” (Thursday, 12:20)
L. Grishanteva “Secondary electron and positron fluxes in the Earth magnetosphere near the geomagnetic equator” (Thursday, 12:35)
V. Malvezzi “Performance of the PAMELA space telescope in the identification of the light nuclei cosmic rays component” (P5.01)
L. Marcelli “PAMELA mission: preliminary results about nuclei analysis” (P5.02) V. Malakhov “Methods of reconstruction of pitch angle distribution” (P2.08)
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
PAMELA as a Space Observatory at 1AUSearch for dark matter annihilation
Search for antihelium (primordial antimatter)
Search for new Matter in the Universe (Strangelets?)
Study of cosmic-ray propagation
Study of solar physics and solar modulation
Study of terrestrial magnetosphere
Study of high energy electron spectrum (local sources?)
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
PAMELA apparatus
GF: 21.5 cm2 sr Mass: 470 kgSize: 130x70x70 cm3
Power Budget: 360W
Spectrometer microstrip silicon tracking system + permanent magnet- Magnetic rigidity R = pc/Ze- Charge sign- Charge value from dE/dx
Time-Of-Flight (ToF)plastic scintillators + PMT:- Trigger- Albedo rejection;- Charge identification from dE/dX.Anti-Coincidenceplastic scintillators + PMT:- rejection of particles out of acceptanceElectromagnetic calorimeterW/Si sampling (16.3 X0, 0.6 λI) - Discrimination e+ / p, anti-p / e- (shower topology)- Direct E measurement for e-
Neutron detectorHe3 counters + polyetilene:- High-energy e/h discrimination
+_
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
energy range Antiprotons 80 MeV - 190 GeV
Positrons 50 MeV – 270 GeV
Electrons up to 400 GeV
Protons up to 700 GeV
Electrons+positrons up to 2 TeV (from calorimeter)
Light Nuclei up to 200 GeV/n He/Be/C: AntiNuclei search sensitivity of 3x10-8 in He/He
Simultaneous measurement of many cosmic-ray species New energy range Unprecedented statistics
Design Performance
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Mass: 6.7 tonnesHeight: 7.4 mSolar array area: 36 m2
Main task: multi-spectral remote sensing of earth’s surface Built by TsSKB Progress in Samara, Russia
Lifetime >3 years Data transmitted to ground via high-speed radio downlink
PAMELA mounted inside a pressurized container
Resurs-DK1 Satellite
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Resurs-DK1 Resurs-DK1 LaunchLaunch
1515thth June 2006 June 2006
16 Gigabytes trasmitted daily 16 Gigabytes trasmitted daily to Ground Stationto Ground Station
(NTsOMZ) in Moscow(NTsOMZ) in Moscow
Till ~now PAMELA has Till ~now PAMELA has collected collected
~11 TB of data, corresponding ~11 TB of data, corresponding to to
>10>1099 triggers triggers
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
• Low-earth elliptical orbit
• 350 – 610 km
• Quasi-polar (70o inclination)
PAMELA Orbit
Download @orbit 3754 – 15/02/2007 07:35:00 MWT
S1 S2 S3
orbit 3752 orbit 3753orbit 3751
Inner radiation belt
(SAA)
Outer radiation belt
NP SP
EQ EQ
95 min
S1
S2
S3
Low energy particles stops inside the apparatus Counting rates: S1>S2>S3
SAA
RatemetersIndependent from trigger
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Preliminary
Proton and Helium spectra
Very high statistics over a wide energy range Precise measurement of spectral shape Possibility to study time variations and transient phenomena
A. N. Kvashnin (Wednesday, 16:35)
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Proton spectra and solar modulationInterstellar spectrum
July 2006August 2007 February 2008
Decre
asin
g
sola
r activ
ity
Incre
asin
g
GC
R fl
ux
Preliminary
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Preliminary
Primary and Albedo (sub-cutoff) measurements
0.4 to 0.51.0 to 1.51.5 to 2.02 to 4
> 1410 to 147 to 104 to 7
Geomagnetic cutoff (GV/c)
Secondary reentrant-albedo protons
Magnetic equator
•Up-ward going albedo excluded•SAA excluded
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Black B > 0.3 GRed 0.22 G < B < 0.23 GBlue 0.21 G < B < 0.22 GGreen 0.20 G < B < 0.21 GPink 0.19 G < B < 0.20 GTurquoise 0.19 G > B
P/(
cm^
2 sr
GeV
s) Trapped
Galactic
Trapped proton flux in the Inner Van Allen Belt (Shout Atlantic Anomaly)
V. Mikhailov (Thursday, 12:20)L. Grishanteva (Thursday, 12:35)
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008Prelim
inary!
December 13th 2006 event
Solar quiet spectrum
SEPs
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Preliminary
Preliminary Results B/C
V. Malvezzi (P5.01)L. Marcelli (P5.02)
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
More than 10More than 1077 p and ~1000 p have been p and ~1000 p have been identified between 1 and 100 GeVidentified between 1 and 100 GeV
~300 p over 10 GeV~300 p over 10 GeV
PAMELA anti-protons
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Anti-proton to proton ratio: PAMELAPreliminary
P. Hofverberg (Wednesday, 18:05)
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Anti-proton to proton ratioPreliminary
P. Hofverberg (Wednesday, 18:05)
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Till March 2Till March 2ndnd 2008 2008 ~2x10~2x1055 e e-- and ~ and ~ 2x10 2x1044 e e++ from 200 MeV up to 10 GeV have been from 200 MeV up to 10 GeV have been identifiedidentified
About 15000 positrons over 1 GeVAbout 15000 positrons over 1 GeV
PAMELA positrons
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
ee--
Fraction of charge released along the calorimeter track (left, hit, right)
pp ee++
+ Energy-momentum match Starting point of shower
Preliminary
Positron: p background evaluation
““pre- sampler” ppre- sampler” p
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
Positron fraction: Preliminary
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Emiliano Mocchiutti - INFN Trieste - 21st European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Košice 10th September 2008
PAMELA has been in orbit and studying cosmic rays for ~25PAMELA has been in orbit and studying cosmic rays for ~25
months. >10months. >1099 triggers registered, and ~11 TB of data has been triggers registered, and ~11 TB of data has been
down-linked.down-linked.
Antiproton to proton flux ratio (~100 MeV - ~100 GeV) shows noAntiproton to proton flux ratio (~100 MeV - ~100 GeV) shows no
significant deviations from secondary expectations. More highsignificant deviations from secondary expectations. More high
energy data to come (up to ~150 GeV).energy data to come (up to ~150 GeV).
Positron fraction (~400 MeV - ~10 GeV) indicates chargePositron fraction (~400 MeV - ~10 GeV) indicates charge
dependent modulation effects. More data to come at lower anddependent modulation effects. More data to come at lower and
higher energies (up to ~200 GeV).higher energies (up to ~200 GeV).
PAMELA is studying elemental spectra up to Z=8, and low massPAMELA is studying elemental spectra up to Z=8, and low mass
isotopes.isotopes.
PAMELA also measures the high energy tail of solar particle PAMELA also measures the high energy tail of solar particle
events.events.
http://pamela.roma2.infn.ithttp://pamela.roma2.infn.it
Conclusions