The Painter in You: Exploring The Painter in You: Exploring the Art of Vigorous Sentence the Art of Vigorous Sentence

ManipulationManipulation

3 Manipulation Techniques3 Manipulation Techniques

ParticipleParticiple

AppositiveAppositive

Action VerbsAction Verbs

Why These Techniques are Why These Techniques are Important.Important.

Paraphrasing is an extremely difficult skill Paraphrasing is an extremely difficult skill to master because it depends on a to master because it depends on a strong grasp of vocabulary and the ability strong grasp of vocabulary and the ability to manipulate sentence structure. to manipulate sentence structure.

Mastering these techniques will give you Mastering these techniques will give you the tools you need to paraphrase the tools you need to paraphrase effectively and avoid plagiarism.effectively and avoid plagiarism.

ParticiplesParticiples

Definition: Definition:

-ing -ing verb or verb phrase tagged on to the verb or verb phrase tagged on to the beginning or end of a sentence.beginning or end of a sentence.

ParticiplesParticiplesSummer Reading Example 1:Summer Reading Example 1:

Original Sentence:Original Sentence: “Gray Beaver also had an important “Gray Beaver also had an important part in this by treating the dogs worse than White Fang part in this by treating the dogs worse than White Fang which increased their hatred considerably.” which increased their hatred considerably.”

Rewritten Sentence with Participle:Rewritten Sentence with Participle: Gray Beaver also Gray Beaver also had an important part in this by treating the dogs worse had an important part in this by treating the dogs worse than White Fang, than White Fang, increasing their hatred increasing their hatred considerablyconsiderably..

Paraphrased Sentence Using Participles:Paraphrased Sentence Using Participles: Playing a Playing a central role in White Fang’s developmentcentral role in White Fang’s development, Gray , Gray Beaver treated White Fang with more respect than the Beaver treated White Fang with more respect than the dogs, dogs, angering them and turning them against him.angering them and turning them against him.

ParticiplesParticiplesSummer Reading Example 2:Summer Reading Example 2:

Original Sentence:Original Sentence: “As he goes through life, he also “As he goes through life, he also goes through stages where he learns to become more goes through stages where he learns to become more responsible. He also becomes more knowledgeable responsible. He also becomes more knowledgeable and wise.”and wise.”

Rewritten Sentence with Participle:Rewritten Sentence with Participle: As he goes As he goes through life, he also goes through stages of learning, through life, he also goes through stages of learning, becoming more responsible, knowledgeable, and becoming more responsible, knowledgeable, and wise.wise.

Paraphrased Sentence Using Participles:Paraphrased Sentence Using Participles: Passing Passing through stages of learning,through stages of learning, Jonas gains a greater Jonas gains a greater understanding of the world around him, understanding of the world around him, becoming becoming more responsible in the process.more responsible in the process.

AppositivesAppositives

Definition: Definition:

Nouns or noun phrases that add a Nouns or noun phrases that add a second image to a preceding noun.second image to a preceding noun.

AppositivesAppositivesSummer Reading Example 1:Summer Reading Example 1:

Original Sentence:Original Sentence: “Through skill White Fang “Through skill White Fang managed to kill several dogs in the Indian managed to kill several dogs in the Indian villages after his training.”villages after his training.”

Rewritten Sentence with Appositive:Rewritten Sentence with Appositive: White White Fang, Fang, a skillful fightera skillful fighter, managed to kill , managed to kill several dogs in the Indian villages.several dogs in the Indian villages.

Paraphrased Sentence Using Appositives:Paraphrased Sentence Using Appositives: White Fang, White Fang, a frequent dog killer in the a frequent dog killer in the Indian communityIndian community, proved himself to be a , proved himself to be a skillful fighter.skillful fighter.

AppositivesAppositivesSummer Reading Example 2:Summer Reading Example 2:

Original Sentence:Original Sentence: “Similarly, in the book White Fang, “Similarly, in the book White Fang, White Fang’s mother is opposite of him because she is White Fang’s mother is opposite of him because she is relatively old and knows about the outside world while relatively old and knows about the outside world while white Fang is very young and only of “the lair.” white Fang is very young and only of “the lair.”

Rewritten Sentence with Appositive:Rewritten Sentence with Appositive: Similarly, in the Similarly, in the book White Fang, White Fang’s mother, book White Fang, White Fang’s mother, a relatively old a relatively old and cunning wolfand cunning wolf, contrasts with her son who is very , contrasts with her son who is very young and only of “the lair.”young and only of “the lair.”

Paraphrased Sentence Using Appostives:Paraphrased Sentence Using Appostives: Throughout the novel, White Fang, Throughout the novel, White Fang, a young and very a young and very inexperienced wolfinexperienced wolf, contrasts with his older and more , contrasts with his older and more cunning mother.cunning mother.

Eliminating Be Verbs with Eliminating Be Verbs with Action Verbs and AdjectivesAction Verbs and Adjectives

This will probably not work for paraphrasing on its own. It will be a tool you combine with the other two techniques.

Action VerbsAction Verbs

Summer Reading Example 1:Summer Reading Example 1:

Original Sentence:Original Sentence: “Earlier in the book, when “Earlier in the book, when Napoleon is sick, he decrees that “the Napoleon is sick, he decrees that “the drinking of alcohol is to be punishable by drinking of alcohol is to be punishable by death”(pg. 107).death”(pg. 107).

Rewritten Sentence with Action Verb:Rewritten Sentence with Action Verb: Earlier in the book, Earlier in the book, a sickly Napoleon a sickly Napoleon decreesdecrees that “the drinking of alcohol is to that “the drinking of alcohol is to be punishable by death”(pg. 107).be punishable by death”(pg. 107).

Action VerbsAction VerbsSummer Reading Example 2:Summer Reading Example 2:

Original Sentence:Original Sentence: “There is also quite a bit of irony in “There is also quite a bit of irony in The Other Side of the SkyThe Other Side of the Sky. For example, Farah goes . For example, Farah goes shopping with her mother and brothers for fabric for shopping with her mother and brothers for fabric for her new clothes. This is symbolic of Farah finally her new clothes. This is symbolic of Farah finally accepting her life in Afghanistan.” accepting her life in Afghanistan.”

Rewritten Sentence with Action Verb:Rewritten Sentence with Action Verb: Irony Irony flourishes in The Other Side of the Skyflourishes in The Other Side of the Sky. For . For example, Farah goes shopping with her mother and example, Farah goes shopping with her mother and brothers for fabric for her new clothes, brothers for fabric for her new clothes, a symbol of a symbol of Farah finally acceptingFarah finally accepting her life in Afghanistan. her life in Afghanistan.

These are a few glorious tools These are a few glorious tools to assist you in paraphrasing. to assist you in paraphrasing.

Enjoy and may the art of Enjoy and may the art of sentence manipulation be with sentence manipulation be with

you.you.