The ostracod fauna of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario...

215Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (3), 2008, 215-267. Modena, 15 novembre 2008

ISSN 0375-7633

INTRODUCTION

The fossil fauna of the “classical” Plio-PleistoceneMonte Mario succession has been studied by differentauthors since the end of the XIX century and the beginningof the XX century. During this time the historicalmonographs on the bryozoans (Neviani, 1895), molluscs(Cerulli Irelli, 1907-1916) and ostracods (Namias, 1900;Cappelli, 1905) were published. Unfortunately, the actualstratigraphical position of those fossil remains is oftenunclear, thus, even if those papers are very useful from a

palaeontological point of view, they become useless forpalaeoenvironmental or stratigraphical purposes.

In the present study the taxonomy of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario ostracod fauna is reported,based on a new sampling of the whole succession madeduring the tunnelling of the “Giovanni XXIII” gallery bythe Astaldi S.p.A. firm. The new data are compared withthose reported by Namias (1900) and Cappelli (1905)and a critical revision of their historical ostracod lists isproposed. The detailed stratigraphy of the Monte Mariosuccession and its palaeoenvironmental evolution based

The ostracod fauna of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession(Roma, Italy)

Costanza FARANDA & Elsa GLIOZZI

C. Faranda, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi Roma Tre - Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo, 1 - I-00146 Roma, Italy; [email protected]. Gliozzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi Roma Tre - Largo S. Leonardo Murialdo, 1 - I-00146 Roma and IGAG, CNR, Roma,

Italy; [email protected]

KEY WORDS - Marine ostracods, Taxonomy, New species, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Latium (Italy).

ABSTRACT - The marine ostracods collected during a recent re-sampling of the “classical” Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession(Roma, Latium) are here listed and, in some cases, some species have been taxonomically reviewed. Ostracod faunas come from the lateZanclean Monte Vaticano Fm. and from the early Calabrian (Santernian p.p.) Monte Mario Fm.

For each species an updated stratigraphical distribution is reported. Five new species have been arisen: Callistocythere dubia nov. sp.,Ionicythere planocostata nov. sp., Aurila (Aurila) diversofoveolata nov. sp., Eucytherura vaticana nov. sp. and Semicytherura marialuisae nov.sp. Except for Callistocythere dubia nov. sp., collected also in the Gelasian of Kos (Greece), Calabrian (Emilian) of Vrica (Calabria) and inthe recent sediments of Golfo di Saline (NE Sardinia) and for Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp., collected in the Calabrian (Santernian-Emilian) of Vrica (Calabria), the other new species are exclusive of the Monte Mario succession. Four new “northern guest” ostracods for theearly Calabrian (Santernian) of the Mediterranean area (Bythocythere zetlandica, Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) depressum, Paradoxostomaensiforme and Paradoxostoma abbreviatum) have been collected in the Monte Mario Fm., in the same levels where literature reports thepresence of the “northern guest” molluscs Arctica islandica, Cochlodesma praetenue and Buccinum humphreysianum, confirming the coldclimatic oscillation during which the Sabbie grigie ad Arctica islandica deposited. Moreover, the already known “warm” Calabrian (Santernian)guest Mediocytherideis (Sylvestra) virgula has been collected in the upper portion of the Monte Mario succession. These findings, togetherwith the temporal constrain of the Monte Mario Fm. to the early Calabrian (Santernian p.p., owing to the absence of Calcidyscus macintyreiand large Gephyrocapsa), allowed to tentatively refer the deposition of the Monte Mario Fm. between the cold OIS 58 and the warm OIS 55.

RIASSUNTO - [L’ostracofauna della successione plio-pleistocenica di Monte Mario (Roma)] - Viene proposto lo studio sistematico delleostracofaune marine rinvenute in un recente ricampionamento della successione plio-pleistocenica di Monte Mario, temporaneamente affiorantenella sua località più classica dei Monti della Farnesina (Roma) grazie alle perforazioni per la costruzione della galleria cittadina “GiovanniXXIII”. Le ostracofaune della successione di Monte Mario erano state oggetto di due importanti monografie dell’inizio del XX secolo, ma laprovenienza dei resti fossili non era del tutto chiara e le collezioni del tempo sono da considerarsi perdute. Le ostracofaune studiate nelpresente lavoro provengono sia dalle argille dello Zancleano superiore riferibili alla Formazione di Monte Vaticano, sia da vari livelli dellasuccessione calabriana (Santerniano p.p.) riferibili alla Formazione di Monte Mario. Complessivamente sono state rinvenute 145 specie diostracodi. Di alcune di queste è stata effettuata una revisione tassonomica, per tutte viene riportata la loro distribuzione stratigrafica aggiornata.Delle 145 specie riconosciute, 4 sono state lasciate in nomenclatura aperta o identificate dubitativamente, a causa della scarsità del materialeo del suo cattivo stato di conservazione, mentre 5 sono specie nuove: Callistocythere dubia nov. sp., Ionicythere planocostata nov. sp., Aurila(Aurila) diversofoveolata nov. sp., Eucytherura vaticana nov. sp. e Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp. A parte Callistocythere dubia nov. sp.,rinvenuta anche nel Gelasiano di Kos (Grecia), nel Calabriano (Emiliano) di Vrica (Calabria) e nei sedimenti recenti di Golfo delle Saline(Sardegna nord-orientale) e Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp., raccolta nel Calabriano (Santerniano-Emiliano) di Vrica (Calabria), le altrenuove specie sono esclusive dell’area di Monte Mario. Tra le specie rinvenute nel membro delle Sabbie grigie ad Arctica islandica (Formazionedi Monte Mario) sono da annoverare anche quattro “ospiti nordici” segnalati per la prima volta nel Santerniano dell’area mediterranea:Bythocythere zetlandica, Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) depressum, Paradoxostoma ensiforme e Paradoxostoma abbreviatum. Questi ostracodifreddi sono stati rinvenuti negli stessi livelli in cui in letteratura sono segnalati Arctica islandica, Cochlodesma praetenue e Buccinumhumphreysianum, classici “ospiti nordici” tra i molluschi quaternari. Nella parte alta della Formazione di Monte Mario è stato rinvenuto un“ospite caldo” (Mediocytherideis (Sylvestra) virgula), già noto in letteratura nelle oscillazioni calde del Santerniano. Questi ritrovamentihanno suggerito di limitare la deposizione della formazione calabriana (Santerniano p.p.) di Monte Mario all’intervallo compreso tra loStadio Isotopico freddo 58 e quello caldo 55.

03 Faranda Gliozzi.pmd 17/12/08, 7.06215

216 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (3), 2008

on the ostracod assemblages have been already publishedin Faranda et al. (2007) and Cosentino et al. (in press).

STRATIGRAPHY, AGE AND SAMPLE LOCATION

The stratigraphy of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mariosuccession exposed during the tunnelling of the “GiovanniXXIII” gallery has been studied in detail by Cosentino etal. (in press). Within the succession, they have recognisedtwo lithological formations, the Monte Vaticano Fm. andthe Monte Mario Fm., sharply divided by an unconformity.The unconformity was already recognized by thegeologists at the end of the ‘800s and the first half of thelast century (Ponzi, 1872; Blanc, 1942, 1955; Blanc etal., 1953) and named “Acquatraversa erosional phase”by Blanc (1955). Cosentino et al. (in press) subdividethe Monte Mario Fm. into five members. From the baseto the top they are: Limi di Farneto Mb., Sabbie grigie adArctica islandica Mb., Sabbie gialle con panchina Mb.,Sabbie gialle con intercalazioni limose Mb. and Argille,limi e sabbie con Cerastoderma Mb. Thebiostratigraphical analyses carried out on the basis of thecalcareous nannofossils and the planktonic foraminifersprovided an Early Pliocene age (late Zanclean, NN16anannofossil zone and MPl 4a foraminifer zone) for theMonte Vaticano Fm. and an Early Pleistocene age(Calabrian: Santernian p.p., NN19c nannoplankton zone,comprised between 1.67 and 1.59 Ma) for the MonteMario Fm. (Cosentino et al., in press).

The ostracods studied in the present paper wererecovered in 28 samples collected within all thestratigraphical levels (Fig. 1). Samples weredisaggregated in a 5% H2O2 solution, washed and sievedwith a 0.125 mm-mesh sieve. The total manual pickingunder the stereomicroscope was carried out up to 300valves/sample. A quantitative analysis using normalisedfrequencies for 10 g of dry residue is reported in Farandaet al. (2007). The present paper is, instead, focalised tothe qualitative analysis. In Tab. 1 the list of the recognisedostracods is reported, together with their absolutefrequencies in each analysed sample.

OSTRACOD FAUNA

On the whole, 145 ostracod species have beenrecognised, 5 of which are new and 4 have been left inopen nomenclature or dubitatively identified owing to thescarcity or to the bad preservation of the valves. In thefollowing paragraph, all the species have been listed inalphabetical order, and each of them is accompanied byits geographical and stratigraphical distribution. In thesection “Taxonomy”, only few of them have been analysedin detail.

Acanthocythereis hystrix (Reuss, 1850) - Atlantic andMediterranean, from early Langhian (Dall’Antonia, 2003)to Present (Stambolidis, 1985). At Monte Mario it hasbeen recovered only one juvenile valve from sample PNOI23 (Monte Vaticano Fm.).

Argilloecia kissamovensis Sissingh, 1972 - see“Taxonomy”.

Argilloecia minor Müller, 1894 - Pl. 11, fig. 15.Mediterranean, from the Messinian of Algeria (Babinot& Boukli-Hacene, 1998) to Recent (Müller, 1894;Bonaduce et al., 1976; Bonaduce et al., 1988).

Argilloecia spissa Barra, Aiello & Bonaduce, 1996 -Pl. 11, fig. 16. Mediterranean, from late Langhian - earlySerravallian of Malta (Barra & Bonaduce, 2001) and fromZanclean (MPl 4a, this paper) to Calabrian (Sicilian,Globigerina cariacoensis Zone) of Monte San Nicola(Sicily) (sample 78) (Aiello et al., 2000).

Argilloecia sp. 1 - see “Taxonomy”.Aurila (Aurila) abscisa (Terquem, 1878) - see

“Taxonomy”.Aurila (Aurila) cephalonica Mostafawi & Matzke-

Karasz, 2006 - see “Taxonomy”.Aurila (Aurila) convexa (Baird, 1850) - Pl. 7, fig.

12. Atlantic (up to the North Sea) and Mediterranean.Some confusion in the distinction between A. (A.)convexa and A. (A.) punctata could originate somemistakes in the geographical and stratigraphicaldistribution of this species. Anyway, it seems reportedfrom Tortonian (Mostafawi, 1990) to Present (Bonaduceet al., 1976; Athersuch et al., 1989).

Aurila (Aurila) diversofoveolata nov. sp. - see“Taxonomy”.

Aurila (Aurila) hesperiae Ruggieri, 1975 - see“Taxonomy”.

Aurila (Aurila) lanceaeformis Uliczny, 1969 - Pl. 8,fig. 5. Atlantic (Normandy) in the Pliocene (Harrison etal., 2000); Mediterranean, from Zanclean (MPl 3) up toCalabrian (Emilian) (Ciampo, 1992, 1976; Ruggieri,1980). At Monte Mario it is rare and it has been collectedonly from the Sabbie Gialle con panchina Mb.

Aurila (Aurila) punctata (von Münster, 1830) - see“Taxonomy”.

Aurila (Cruciaurila) cruciata (Ruggieri, 1950) - see“Taxonomy”.

Bairdoppilata profunda Aiello, Barra & Bonaduce,2000 - Pl. 12, fig. 8. Atlantic (Ducasse et al., 1985) andMediterranean, from the Middle Eocene up to Gelasian(MPl 5) (Aiello et al., 2000).

Basslerites berchoni (Brady, 1869) - Pl. 5, fig. 16.Atlantic, Recent (Yassini, 1979; Ruiz Muñoz et al., 1997,2000; Llano, 1981); Mediterranean, from Zanclean(Aranki, 1987; Ruiz Muñoz & Gonzales-Regalado, 1993)to Recent (Uffenorde, 1972; Zangger & Malz, 1989). Itspresence in the Pliocene of the Rhône Basin (Carbonnel,1969) has been criticised by Ruggieri (1975).

Bosquetina tarentina (Baird, 1850) - see “Taxonomy”.Buntonia robusta Ruggieri, 1954 - Pl. 6, fig. 19.

Mediterranean, from Zanclean to Calabrian of Greece,Crete, Kos and Rhodes (Uliczny, 1969; Sissingh, 1972;Mostafawi, 1981, 1984; Wouters, 1974; Tsapralis, 1976)and from the Gelasian of Castellarquato (Emilia, Italy)(Ruggieri, 1954).

Buntonia sublatissima (Neviani, 1906) - Pl. 7, fig.5. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from the Late Miocene ofthe Aquitanian Basin (Carbonel, 1985) and Tortonian-Messinian of south-western Spain (Ruiz Muñoz et al.,1996) up to Recent (Biscay Gulf - Peypoquet, 1973;Morocco Atlantic coasts - Llano, 1981 andMediterranean - Breman, 1976; Yassini, 1979;Montenegro et al., 1998).


217C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession

Fig. 1 - Stratigraphical log of the Monte Mario succession and location of samples. Sample PNOI 23 is divided from the other Monte Vaticanosamples by a fault, thus its stratigraphical position is not certain (modified from Cosentino et al., in press). Legend: 1 - Blue clays; 2 - Grey silts;3 - Grey sands; 4 - Cross-bedded yellow sands; 5 - Calcarenitic intercalations (“panchina”); 6 - Clayey intercalations; 7 - Grey clays; 8 -Arctica islandica levels.



Tab. 1 - Absolute frequencies of the species collected in the Monte Mario succession.


219

Tab. 1 - continue.

C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario successionC. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession



Bythocypris obtusata producta (Seguenza, 1880) -Pl. 12, figs. 12-13. Mediterranean, from late Langhian(Barra & Bonaduce, 2001) and early Badenian up toCalabrian (Sicilian, Colalongo, 1966; Seguenza, 1880).

Bytocythere zetlandica Athersuch, Horne &Whittaker, 1983 - see “Taxonomy”.

Callistocythere crucifera (Hartmann, 1953) - see“Taxonomy”.

Callistocythere dubia nov. sp. - see “Taxonomy”.Callistocythere flavidofusca (Ruggieri, 1950) - Pl.

3, figs. 1-2. Mediterranean, from the early Messinian ofthe Sorbas Basin (Spain) (Conesa & Babinot, 1999) andPiacenzian of Algeria (Ciampo, 1992; Yassini, 1980) upto Present (Breman, 1976; Montenegro et al., 1998).

Callistocythere pallida (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 2, fig.16. Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ruggieri, 1962b) andearly Messinian of the Sorbas Basin (Spain) (Conesa &Babinot, 1999) up to Present (Bonaduce et al., 1976;Breman, 1976).

Candona (Neglecandona) neglecta Sars, 1887 - Pl.13, fig. 6. Holoartic, from Serravallian up to Present(Carbonnel, 1969; Meisch, 2000). At Monte Mario it hasbeen collected only from two samples coming from theSabbie gialle con intercalazioni limose Mb.

Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer, 1838) - Pl. 5, fig.17. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Middle Miocene(central Paratethys) (Szczechura, 1998) up to Present(Athersuch et al., 1989; Breman, 1976).

Carinocythereis whitei (Baird, 1850) - Pl. 5, figs. 9-10. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Tortonian(Bonaduce et al., 1992) and Messinian of Algeria(Babinot & Boukli-Hacene, 1998) up to Present (Barra,1997; Athersuch et al., 1985, 1989).

Carinovalva testudo (Namias, 1900) - see“Taxonomy”.

Caudites calceolatus (Costa, 1853) - Mediterranean,from Tortonian-Messinian (Sissingh, 1972; Miculan,1992; Conesa & Babinot, 1999; Babinot, 2002) up toPresent (Barbeito-Gonzalez, 1971; Bonaduce et al.,1976; Barra, 1997).

Celtia (Celtia) quadridentata (Baird, 1850) - see“Taxonomy”.

Cimbaurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza, 1883) - see“Taxonomy”.

Cimbaurila cf. C. ulicznyi (Sissingh, 1972) - see“Taxonomy”.

Cistacythereis (Cistacythereis) cebrenidos Uliczny,1969 - Pl. 5, figs. 8, 11. Mediterranean, from Zancleanto Calabrian (Sicilian) (Uliczny, 1969; Sissingh, 1972;Bassiouni, 1979; Mostafawi, 2002).

Cistacythereis (Hiltermannicythere) rubra (Müller,1894) - Pl. 6, fig. 3. Mediterranean, from Tortonian-Messinian (Mostafawi, 1990; Dall’Antonia, 2003;Conesa & Babinot, 1999) up to Present (Mostafawi,2002).

Costa batei (Brady, 1866) - Pl. 6, fig. 9. Atlantic, fromAquitanian to Tortonian of Portugal, Aquitanian toPliocene of the Aquitanian Basin and Switzerland(Nascimento, 1988, 1990; Carbonel, 1985; Oertli, 1956;Guernet, 2005); Mediterranean, from Middle Mioceneof Paratethys (Brestenská & Jiricek, 1978), Tortonian(Carbonnel, 1990; Doruk, 1973a), Pliocene (Keij, 1955),Zanclean (MPl 2, MPl 3, Ciampo, 1992; Sciuto et al.,Tab. 1 - continue.


221

2003), Gelasian of Turkey (Bassiouni, 1979) up toPresent (Zagger & Malz, 1989; Barra, 1997).

Costa edwardsii (Roemer, 1838) - see “Taxonomy”.Costa punctatissima Ruggieri, 1962 - Pl. 6, fig. 6.

Mediterranean, from early Langhian-Serravallian(Dall’Antonia & Bossio, 2001; Gross, 2006, ViennaBasin), Tortonian-Messinian (Dall’Antonia, 2003; Arankiet al., 1992; Babinot & Boukli-Hacene, 1998) andPliocene-Calabrian of several localities: Sicily (Ruggieri,1961, 1976a), Cephalonia (Uliczny, 1969), Crete, Cyprus(Sissingh, 1972), Rhodes (Mostafawi, 1989a) and Turkey(Doruk, 1973b).

Cypria ophtalmica (Jurine, 1820) - Pl. 13, fig. 8.Cosmopolitan, from Middle Miocene up to Present(Meisch, 2000).

Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850) - Pl. 1, fig. 12. Atlanticand Mediterranean, from ?Pliocene up to Present.

Cytherella circumpunctata Ciampo, 1976 - Pl. 1, fig.1. Atlantic, Zanclean of southwestern Spain (Ruiz Muñoz& Gonzalez-Regalado, 1993); Mediterranean, fromLanghian (Barra & Bonaduce, 2001) to Calabrian(Emilian) (Ciampo, 1976; Ruggieri, 1976a).

Cytherella gibba Aiello, Barra, Bonaduce & Russo,1996 - Pl. 1, figs. 3-4. Mediterranean, from Zanclean(MPl 3) to Calabrian (Aiello et al., 1996a; Sciuto et al.,2003).

Cytherella robusta Colalongo & Pasini, 1980 - Pl.1, figs. 4-5. Atlantic, living in the Biscay Gulf (Guillaumeet al., 1985) and Florida coasts (Cronin et al., 1983);Mediterranean, from late Langhian (Barra & Bonaduce,2001) and Zanclean (MPl 2) up to Calabrian.

Cytherella scutulum Ruggieri, 1976 - Pl. 1, fig. 6.Mediterranean, from early Langhian up to Present (Aielloet al., 1996; Dall’Antonia & Bossio, 2001).

Cytherella vulgatella Aiello, Barra, Bonaduce &Russo, 1996 - see “Taxonomy”.

Cytherella harrymutvei Stambolidis, 1980 - see“Taxonomy”.

Cytheretta adriatica Ruggieri, 1952 - Pl. 8, fig. 22.Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Zanclean (Nachite etal., 1993; Sissingh, 1972) up to Present (Arbulla et al.,2001; Ruiz Muñoz & Gonzales-Regalado, 1993).

Cytheretta subradiosa (Roemer, 1838) - Pl. 8, fig.20. Mediterranean, from Zanclean (Sissingh, 1972;Ciampo, 1992 MPl 3) up to Present (Ciampo, 1992).

Cytheridea neapolitana Kollmann, 1960 - Pl. 1, figs.14-16. Atlantic, southwestern Spain in Zanclean (RuizMuñoz & Gonzalez-Regalado, 1993); Mediterranean,from Tortonian (Miculan, 1992) up to Present(Uffenorde, 1972; Bonaduce et al., 1976; Montenegroet al., 1998).

Cytherois uffenordei Ruggieri, 1975 - Pl. 11, fig. 13.Mediterranean, from Gelasian (Mostafawi, 1981) up toPresent (Lachenal, 1989).

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) circumactumColalongo & Pasini, 1980 - Pl. 11, fig. 1. Mediterranean,from Gelasian up to Calabrian (Emilian) (Colalongo &Pasini, 1980).

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) depressum Brady &Norman, 1889 - see “Taxonomy”.

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) latum Müller, 1894- Pl. 11, fig. 3. Atlantic, from late Tortonian to Pliocene(Aiello et al., 1996b); Mediterranean, from early

Messinian (Aruta, 1983) up to Present (Müller, 1894;Puri et al., 1969; Breman, 1976; Bonaduce et al., 1976).

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) monocerosBonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976 - Pl. 11, fig. 4. Atlanticof the Great Britain coasts (Whatley & Masson, 1979;Aiello et al., 1996b); Mediterranean, from Tortonian upto Present (Colalongo & Pasini, 1980; Malz & Jellinek,1984; Puri et al., 1964; Bonaduce et al., 1976; Breman,1976).

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) omega Aiello, Barra& Bonaduce, 1996 - Pl. 11, fig. 5. Atlantic, Gelasian(Whatley & Coles, 1987 as Cytheropteronsintomoalatum partim); Mediterranean, from thePliocene (MPl 3 partim-MPl 5 partim) of Monte SanNicola and Capo Rossello (Sicily) (Aiello et al., 1996b;Aiello & Barra, 2001).

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) ruggierii Pucci,1956 - Pl. 11, fig. 6. Mediterranean, Calabrian (Santernianand Emilian) (Colalongo & Pasini, 1980), living in theAdriatic Sea (Bonaduce et al., 1976).

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) sulcatum Bonaduce,Ciampo & Masoli, 1976 - Pl. 11, figs. 7-8.Mediterranean, late Tortonian-early Messinian ofPiedmont, Calabria and Sicily (Ciampo, 1986), Calabrianof Kos (Mostafawi, 1989a) and Monte S. Nicola, Sicily,(Aiello et al., 1996b) up to Recent (Puri et al., 1964;Bonaduce et al., 1976; Breman, 1976).

Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) venustum Bonaduce,Ciampo & Masoli, 1976 - Pl. 11, fig. 9. Mediterranean,from the late Tortonian (Ciampo, 1986) up to Present(Bonaduce et al., 1976).

Cytheropteron (Aversovalva) denticulatum Aiello,Barra & Bonaduce, 1996 - see “Taxonomy”.

Echinocythereis (Echinocythereis) vidua Barra &Bonaduce, 2000 - Pl. 6, fig. 13. Mediterranean, fromCalabrian (Santernian, present paper) to Late Pleistocene(Barra & Bonaduce 2000).

Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) pustulata(Namias, 1900) - see “Taxonomy”.

Eucythere curta Ruggieri, 1975 - Pl. 3, fig. 20.Mediterranean, from late Langhian (Barra & Bonaduce,2001) and Zanclean (Nachite et al., 1993) up to Present(Uffenorde, 1972; Montenegro et al., 1998; Ruggieri,1975).

Eucytherura gibbera Müller, 1894 - Pl. 9, fig. 22.Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ciampo, 1986) andMessinian (Sissingh, 1972) up to Present (Yassini, 1979).

Eucytherura gullentopsi Ruggieri, 1952 - Pl. 9, fig.18. Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ciampo, 1986) upto Late Pleistocene (Tyrrhenian, Ruggieri, 1952a).

Eucytherura patercoli Mistretta, 1967 - Pl. 9, figs.19-21. Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Apostoli Fm.,Sissingh, 1972) to Calabrian (Sicilian) (Mistretta, 1967;Ruggieri, 1980; Ciampo, 1988).

Eucytherura vaticana nov. sp. - see “Taxonomy”.Flexus tenuicarinatus triebeli (Ruggieri, 1962) - see

“Taxonomy”.Graptocythere intricata (Terquem, 1878) - Pl. 8, fig.

11. Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ciampo, 1986) upto Calabrian (Emilian) (Yassini, 1980; Ciampo, 1976;Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1997).

Grinioneis haidingeri (Reuss, 1850) - Pl. 5, fig. 12.Atlantic, Mediterranean and Paratethys: from Early

C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession



Miocene (Gross, 2006) up to Calabrian (Sicilian)(Ruggieri, 1974).

Hemicytherura gracilicosta Ruggieri, 1953 - Pl. 9,fig. 24. Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ciampo, 1986)and Zanclean (Nachite et al., 1993) up to Present(Ruggieri, 1953a; Bonaduce et al., 1976; Montenegro etal., 1998).

Henryhowella parthenopea Bonaduce, Barra &Aiello, 1999 - see “Taxonomy”.

Henryhowella sarsii profunda Bonaduce, Barra &Aiello, 1999 - Pl. 6, figs. 14-18. Atlantic andMediterranean, from late Langhian up to Present (Barra& Bonaduce, 2001; Bonaduce et al., 1999).

Heterocypris salina (Brady, 1868) - Pl. 13, fig. 16.Holoartic, from Late Miocene up to Present (Meisch,2000).

Heterocythereis albomaculata (Baird, 1838) - Pl. 8,fig. 15. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Piacenzian(Sciuto et al., 2003) and Gelasian of Turkey (Bassiouni,1979) up to Present (Yassini, 1979; Guillaume et al.,1985; Athersuch et al., 1989).

Ilyocypris getica Masi, 1906 - Pl. 13, fig. 4. Circum-Mediterranean and Central Europe, from Calabrian up toPresent (Meisch, 2000).

Ilyocypris gibba (Ramdohr, 1808) - Pl. 13, fig. 5.Cosmopolitan, from middle Oligocene (Lüttig, 1955) upto Present (Meisch, 2000).

Ionicythere planocostata nov. sp. - see “Taxonomy”.Ionicythere reticulata (Colalongo & Pasini, 1980) -

see “Taxonomy”.Krithe compressa (Seguenza, 1880) - Pl. 5, figs. 1-5.

Atlantic, from Middle Eocene up to Present (Aiello &Szczechura, 2004); Mediterranean, from Middle Miocene(Russo, 1969; Aiello & Szczechura, 2004) up to Calabrian(Sicilian- Ruggieri, 1991); Indian-Pacific, from Mioceneup to Present (Aiello & Szczechura, 2004).

Krithe exigua Abate, Barra, Aiello & Bonaduce, 1993- Pl. 4, figs. 13-16. Mediterranean, from Zanclean (MPL4a) to early Gelasian (MPL 5a - base of MPL 5b) (Abateet al., 1993); the specimen recovered in the present paperfrom the Monte Mario Fm. (Calabrian-Santernian) mustbe considered as reworked.

Leptocythere bacescoi (Rome, 1942) - Pl. 2, fig. 7.Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Early Pliocene up toPresent (Colalongo & Russo, 1974; Colalongo & Pasini,1980; Lachenal, 1989; Montenegro et al., 1998).

Leptocythere multipunctata (Seguenza, 1883) - Pl.2, figs. 8-9. Mediterranean and Black Sea, from Gelasian(Mostafawi, 1994) up to Present (Breman, 1976;Bonaduce et al., 1976; Stambolidis, 1985; Schornikov,1966).

Leptocythere ramosa (Rome, 1942) - Pl. 2, figs. 10-12. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Gelasian(Mostafawi, 1981) up to Present (Maybury & Whatley,1980; Lachenal, 1989; Breman, 1976).

Leptocythere transiens Pucci, 1956 - Pl. 2, figs. 13-15. Mediterranean, from late Piacenzian (MPl 5)(Ciampo, 1971) up to Calabrian (Emilian) (Doruk, 1980a,as L. multipunctata; Aruta, 1985).

Limnocythere inopinata (Baird, 1843) - Pl. 3, fig.18. Holoarctic, from Gelasian (Sokac, 1978) up toPresent (Meisch, 2000).

Loxocauda decipiens (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 9, fig. 10.Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ciampo, 1986) up toPresent (Lachenal, 1989; Arbulla et al., 2001).

Loxoconcha alata Brady, 1868 - Pl. 8, fig. 24.Mediterranean, from Piacenzian (Altavilla, Sicily,Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1997), Gelasian (Crete, Sissingh,1972) and Holocene (Argo, Greece, Zagger & Malz,1989), up to Present (Barbeito-Gonzalez, 1971, as L.xena, Stambolidis, 1985).

Loxoconcha glabra (Brady, 1866) - see “Taxonomy”.Loxoconcha ovulata (Costa, 1853) - Pl. 9, figs. 1-2.

Mediterranean, from late Tortonian (MNN 11) (Bonaduce& Russo, 1985) and Messinian (Algeria, Babinot &Boukli-Hacene, 1998) up to Present (Ruggieri, 1953b;Breman, 1976; Arbulla et al., 2001).

Loxoconcha rhomboidea (Fischer, 1855) - Pl. 8, fig.25. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Tortonian(Bonaduce & Russo, 1985; Ciampo, 1986) and Messinian(Algeria, Babinot & Boukli-Hacene, 1998) up to Present(Guillaume et al., 1985; Yassini, 1979; Bonaduce et al.,1976; Athersuch et al., 1985, 1989; Arbulla et al., 2001).

Loxoconcha rubritincta Ruggieri, 1964 - Pl. 9, figs.3-4. Mediterranean, from Gelasian (Danatsas, 1994) andCalabrian (Emilian) (Ruggieri, 1950, 1952a, b, 1964,1976a; Ciampo, 1976) to Present (Barra, 1997).

Loxoconcha cf. L. concentrica Bonaduce, Ciampo &Masoli, 1976 - see “Taxonomy”.

Mediocytherideis (Sylvestra) virgula (Bonaduce,Russo & Barra, 1990) - see “Taxonomy”.

Metacypris cordata Brady & Robertson, 1870 - Pl.3, fig. 19. Europe, from Gelasian up to Present (Meisch,2000).

Microxestoleberis xenomys (Barbeito-Gonzalez,1971) - see “Taxonomy”.

Mutilus laticancellatus (Neviani, 1928) - Pl. 8, fig.16. Mediterranean, from Gelasian (Hajjaji et al., 1998)up to Calabrian (Emilian) (Bonaduce et al., 1987;Ruggieri, 1976a).

Neocytherideis subulata (Brady, 1868) - see“Taxonomy”.

Neonesidea mediterranea (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 12,fig. 10. Mediterranean, from Middle Miocene (Moravia,Zelenka 1985; Aiello & Szczechura, 2004) up to Present.

Paijenborchella iocosa Kingma, 1948 - Pl. 2, fig. 4.Pacific, from Miocene up to Present; Mediterranean,from Middle Miocene (Brestenská & Jiricek, 1978) upto Pliocene (MPl 4-MPl 5; Barra & Bonaduce, 2001;Aiello, 1998; Bonaduce & Sprovieri, 1985).

Paijenborchella malaiensis cymbula Ruggieri, 1950- Pl. 2, fig. 3. Mediterranean, from Zanclean (MPl 2- Barraet al., 1998) up to Calabrian (Emilian) (Ruggieri, 1950;Aiello et al., 2000; Pucci, 1956; Colalongo & Pasini,1980).

Palmoconcha subrugosa (Ruggieri, 1976) - see“Taxonomy”.

Palmoconcha turbida (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 9, figs. 6,8-9. Mediterranean, from Early Pliocene (Yassini, 1980)up to Present (Bonaduce et al., 1976).

Paracytheridea hexalpha Doruk, 1980 - Pl. 9, figs.14-17. Mediterranean, from Gelasian (Mostafawi, 1981)up to Present (Barra, 1997).

Paracytherois striata Müller, 1894 - see “Taxonomy”.


223

Paradoxostoma abbreviatum Sars, 1866 - see“Taxonomy”.

Paradoxostoma ensiforme Brady, 1868 - see“Taxonomy”.

Parahemingwayella tetrapteron (Bonaduce, Ciampo& Masoli, 1976) - Pl. 9, fig. 17. Pacific andMediterranean, from late Tortonian up to Present (Aielloet al., 2000).

Parakrithe acuta Aiello, Barra, Abate & Bonaduce,1993 - Pl. 4, fig. 1. Mediterranean, from Zanclean (MPl3) up to early Piacenzian (basal portion of MPl 5) (Aielloet al., 1993).

Parakrithe ariminensis (Ruggieri, 1967) - Pl. 4, figs.2-4. Mediterranean, from Langhian (Dall’Antonia, 2003) upto Piacenzian (lower portion of MPl 5, Aiello et al., 2000).

Parakrithe declivis Ciampo, 1980 - Pl. 4, figs. 5-7.Mediterranean, Langhian to early Messinian (G.conomiozea Zone) (Dall’Antonia, 2003; Ciampo, 1980)and late Zanclean (MPl 4a Zone, NN16a Zone) (presentpaper).

Parakrithe dimorpha Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli,1976 - Pl. 4, figs. 8-10. Mediterranean, from lateLanghian (Orbulina universa Zone) (Barra & Bonaduce2001) up to Present (Bonaduce et al., 1976; Montenegroet al., 1998).

Parakrithe lata Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1993 - Pl. 4, figs.11-12. Mediterranean, late Zanclean (MPl 4a Zone,NN16a Zone) (present paper) to Piacenzian (MPl 5aZone) (Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1993). The valve recoveredin the sample PNOI 11 (Calabrian, Santernian) isreworked.

Phlyctenophora affinis (Schneider, 1953) - see“Taxonomy”.

Pontocypris cf. P. frequens (Müller, 1894) - see“Taxonomy”.

Pontocythere turbida (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 4, fig. 6.Mediterranean, from Piacenzian (Yassini, 1980) up toPresent (Yassini, 1979; Lachenal, 1989).

Potamocypris fallax Fox, 1967 - Pl. 13, fig. 14.Europe, from Calabrian up to Present (Meisch, 2000).

Potamocypris zschokkei (Kaufmann, 1900) - Pl. 13,fig. 11. Europe, from Calabrian up to Present (Meisch,2000).

Protocytheretta obtusa Ruggieri, 1962 - Pl. 8, fig.21. Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ruggieri, 1962b;Dieci & Russo, 1965) up to Calabrian (Sissingh, 1972).

Procytherideis retifera Ruggieri, 1978 - Pl. 2, figs.1-2; Mediterranean, from Zanclean of Calabria (MPl 2-Ciampo, 1992) to Recent (Ruggieri, 1978a; Bonaduce &Pugliese, 1975; Barra, 1997).

Procytherideis subspiralis (Brady, Crosskey &Robertson, 1874) - Pl. 2, fig. 5. Mediterranean, from lateZanclean (MPl 4a Zone, NN16a Zone) (present paper),?Piacenzian (Yassini, 1980, but maybe this specimencorresponds to P. complicata Ruggieri, 1978a), Calabrian(Santernian, present paper), Calabrian (Emilian ofPideura, Ruggieri, 1978a) up to Present (Brady et al.,1874; Breman, 1976; Bonaduce et al., 1976; Barra, 1997).

Propontocypris micropunctigera Ruggieri & D’Arpa,1993 - see “Taxonomy”.

Pseudocandona marchica (Hartwig, 1899) - Pl. 13,fig. 7. Palaearctic, from Calabrian up to Present (Meisch,2000).

Pseudocytherura calcarata (Seguenza, 1880) - Pl.10, figs. 1-2. Atlantic, living in the Archachon Gulf(Guillaume et al., 1985); Mediterranean, from Zanclean(Sissingh, 1972) up to Present.

Pseudocytherura miliciae Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1992- see “Taxonomy”.

Pterygocythereis coronata (Roemer, 1838) - see“Taxonomy”.

Pterygocythereis jonesii (Baird, 1850) - Pl. 7, fig. 2.Atlantic, from Langhian up to Tortonian of Portugal(Nascimento, 1988, 1990) and Present (Guernet, 2005);Mediterranean, from Middle Miocene (Aiello &Szczechura, 2004; Gross, 2002), up to Present (Arankiet al., 1992; Sicily, Ciampo, 1980; Bonaduce et al., 1976;Yassini, 1979).

Ruggieria longecarenata (Namias, 1900) - see“Taxonomy”.

Sagmatocythere napoliana (Puri, 1963) - Pl. 9, figs.11-12. Atlantic, living on the Moroccan and Spanish coasts(Guernet, 2005); Mediterranean, from Tortonian(Sissingh, 1972) up to Present (Bonaduce et al., 1976).

Sagmatocythere versicolor (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 9,fig. 13. Mediterranean, from Tortonian (Ruggieri, 1967)up to Present (Montenegro et al., 1998; Lachenal, 1989).

Semicytherura acuticostata ventricosa (Müller,1894) - see “Taxonomy”.

Semicytherura alifera Ruggieri, 1959 - Pl. 10, figs.5-7. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Zanclean (Nachiteet al., 1993) up to Present (Guernet, 2005).

Semicytherura dispar (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 10, fig.12. Mediterranean, from late Tortonian (Ciampo, 1992)up to Present (Bonaduce et al., 1976).

Semicytherura incongruens (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 10,figs. 8, 10-11. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Calabrian(Ciampo, 1988; Guernet, 2005) up to Present (Barra,1997).

Semicytherura intorta (Terquem, 1878) - see“Taxonomy”.

Semicytherura inversa (Seguenza, 1880) - see“Taxonomy”.

Semicytherura marialuisae nov. sp. - see“Taxonomy”.

Semicytherura paradoxa (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 10, fig.17. Atlantic and Mediterranean, from Messinian (Ciampo,1986; Babinot & Boukli-Hacene, 1998) up to Present(Guernet, 2005; Lachenal, 1989).

Semicytherura rara (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 10, fig. 18.Mediterranean, from Gelasian (Danatsas, 1994) up toPresent (Bonaduce et al., 1976; Yassini, 1979).

Semicytherura rarecostata Bonaduce, Ciampo &Masoli, 1976 - see “Taxonomy”.

Semicytherura ruggierii (Pucci, 1956) - Pl. 10, figs.22-24. Mediterranean, from Gelasian (Ruggieri, 1974,1976a) up to Present (Bonaduce et al., 1976; Breman,1976; Lachenal, 1989).

Tetracytherura irregularis (Terquem, 1878) - see“Taxonomy”.

Trajancypris clavata (Baird, 1838) - Pl. 13, fig. 15.Circum-Mediterranean and Middle East, from Calabrianup to Present (Meisch, 2000).

Urocythereis praelonga (Terquem, 1878) - Pl. 8, fig.17. Mediterranean, from Gelasian (Terquem, 1878) tothe Calabrian of Rhodes (Mostafawi, 1989a).

C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession



Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza, 1880) - see“Taxonomy”.

Xestoleberis communis (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 12, figs.1-2, 4. Mediterranean, from Messinian (Babinot &Boukli-Hacene, 1998; Conesa & Babinot, 1999) up toPresent (Bonaduce et al., 1976).

Xestoleberis erecta Namias, 1900 - see “Taxonomy”.Xestoleberis plana (Müller, 1894) - Pl. 12, fig. 3.

Mediterranean, from Zanclean (MPl 3) (Nachite et al.,1993; Sciuto et al., 2003) up to Present (Arbulla et al.,2001).

TAXONOMY

For the taxonomical categories of higher rank, the papersby Hartmann & Puri (1974) and Horne et al. (2002) havebeen used.

Class OSTRACODA Latreille, 1806Subclass PODOCOPA Müller, 1894

Order PLATYCOPIDA Sars, 1866Suborder PLATYCOPINA Sars, 1866

Superfamily CYTHERELLOIDEA Sars, 1866Family CYTHERELLIDAE Sars, 1866

Genus Cytherella Jones, 1849

Cytherella vulgatella Aiello, Barra, Bonaduce &Russo, 1996

Pl. 1, figs. 7-8

1996a Cytherella vulgatella nov. sp. - AIELLO ET AL., p. 187, Pl. 1,figs. 1-14; Pl. 2, figs. 1-3, 6-7 (with refs.).

2001 Cytherella vulgatella Aiello, Barra, Bonaduce & Russo - BARRA

& BONADUCE, p. 58, Pl. 1, figs. 4, 7.

Cytherella vulgatella stratigraphical range is fromlate Langhian (Barra & Bonaduce, 2001) to Tortonian-Recent (Aiello et al., 1996a). Aiello et al. (1996a)recognise four different morphotypes, with differentstratigraphic range: C. vulgatella form A should bepresent in the Mediterranean Tortonian-Recent deposits;C. vulgatella form B should be exclusive of Tortonian;C. vulgatella form C is characteristic of Pliocene-Recent; finally C. vulgatella form D should be distributedonly during Pleistocene, from the Calabrian. The valvesrecovered in the Monte Mario Fm. (sample PNOI 33)resemble C. vulgatella form C.

Cytherella harrymutvei Stambolidis, 1980 Pl. 1, figs. 9-11, 13

1905 Candona richardsoni Jones - CAPPELLI, p. 305, Pl. 9, fig. 1.1972 Cytherella sp. - UFFENORDE, pp. 50, 52, Pl. 5, figs. 4-6.1975 Cytherella sp. - UFFENORDE, Pl. 2.1980 Cytherella harrymutvei nov. sp. - STAMBOLIDIS, pp. 205-208,

Pl. 1, figs. 1-4.1996a Cytherella harrymutvei Stambolidis - AIELLO ET AL., pp. 180,

182, Pl. 3, figs. 10-11, 13.

Up to now, this species has been found only in theRecent Mediterranean. Cappelli (1905) collected somevalves, ascribed to Candona richardsoni Jones in the“Sabbie grigie di Monte Mario”. These valves must bereferred to Cytherella harrymutvei (Tab. 2). In the presentpaper, the species has been collected from the Limi diFarneto Mb., thus its stratigraphical range is extended downto the Calabrian (Santernian p.p.). The Monte Mario valvesare slightly larger than the types (Stambolidis, 1980), butthey are identical with the specimens collected in the Gulfof Naples (Aiello et al., 1996a).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1

fig. 1 - Cytherella circumpunctata Ciampo, 1976, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.figs. 2-3 - Cytherella gibba Aiello, Barra, Bonaduce & Russo, 1996, sample PNOI 23.

2 - RV, lateral external view.3 - LV, lateral external view.

figs. 4-5 - Cytherella robusta Colalongo & Pasini, 1980, sample PNOI 23.4 - RV, lateral external view.5 - LV, lateral external view.

fig. 6 - Cytherella scutulum Ruggieri, 1976, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.figs. 7-8 - Cytherella vulgatella Aiello, Barra, Bonaduce & Russo, 1996, sample PNOI 33.


figs. 9-11, 13 - Cytherella harrymutvei Stambolidis, 1980, sample PNOI 46.9 - RV, lateral external view.10 - LV, lateral external view.11 - LV, lateral external view, particular of the postero-ventral area of the specimen illustrated in fig. 10.13 - LV, dorsal view.

fig. 12 - Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 56.figs. 14-16 - Cytheridea neapolitana Kollmann, 1960.

14 - Female RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.15 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.16 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 50.

figs. 17-18 - Neocytherideis subulata (Brady, 1868), sample RM 7.17 - RV, lateral internal view.18 - RV, lateral external view.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.


225C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession Pl. 1



Order PODOCOPIDA Sars, 1866Suborder CYTHEROCOPINA Baird, 1850Superfamily CYTHEROIDEA Baird, 1850

Family CYTHERIDAE Baird, 1850Subfamily CYTHERINAE Baird, 1850

Genus Tetracytherura Ruggieri, 1952

Tetracytherura irregularis (Terquem, 1878)Pl. 2, fig. 6

1878 Cythere irregularis nov. sp. - TERQUEM, p. 101, Pl. 11,fig. 10.

1880 Cytheridea angulosa nov. sp. - SEGUENZA, p. 363, Pl. 17,fig. 47.

1900 Bairdia angulosa (Seguenza) - NAMIAS, p. 90, Pl. 14, fig. 10.1905 Cytheridea angulosa Seguenza - CAPPELLI, p. 320, Pl. 10,

fig. 36.1952a Tetracytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - RUGGIERI, p. 87,

Pl. 6, figs. 7-8.1971 Microcytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - BARBEITO-

GONZALEZ, p. 303, Pl. 27, fig. 1.1972 Tetracytherura irregularis (Terquem) - SISSINGH, p. 147.1972 Microcytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - UFFENORDE, pp.

94-95, Pl. 6, fig. 1.1975 Microcytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - RUGGIERI, p. 6,

fig. 82.1976 Tetracytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - BONADUCE ET AL.,

p. 89, Pl. 46, figs. 1-7.1976a Tetracytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - RUGGIERI, pp. 93-94.1979 Tetracytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - YASSINI, pp. 92-

93, 114, Pl. 1, figs. 15, 18.1980 Microcytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - YASSINI, p. 386,

Pl. 10, fig. 10.1980 Tetracytherura irregularis (Terquem) - RUGGIERI, p. 129.1980 Microcytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - COLALONGO &

PASINI, p. 62.1987 Microcytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - ARANKI, pp. 2, 10,

17, 20, 36, Pl. 2, fig. 7.1989a Tetracytherura irregularis (Terquem) - MOSTAFAWI, p. 128,

Pl. 2, fig. 28.1992 Tetracytherura irregularis (Terquem) - RUGGIERI, p. 184.

nec 1993 Tetracytherura angulosa (Seguenza) - RUIZ MUÑOZ &GONZALEZ-REGALADO, p. 145, Pl. 2, figs. 12-14.

For a long time the species Tetracytherurairregularis (Terquem, 1878) and Tetracytheruraangulosa (Seguenza, 1880) had an uncertain taxonomicposition: Howe (1969), Sissingh (1972) and Mostafawi(1989a) considered them as synonyms, while Ruggieri(1952a, 1975, 1976a), Uffenorde (1972), Yassini (1979),Colalongo & Pasini (1980), Breman (1976) and Bonaduceet al. (1976) kept them as two distinct species. Morerecently Ruggieri (1980, 1992) accepted their synonymy;in this case, the name by Terquem has the priority. T.irregularis is distributed in the Mediterranean area fromZanclean (Sissingh, 1972; Terquem, 1878) to Present(Breman, 1976; Bonaduce et al., 1976; Yassini, 1980).The valves identified by Namias (1900) and Cappelli(1905) respectively as Bairdia angulosa Seguenza andCytheridea angulosa (Seguenza) must be referred to thisspecies (Tab. 2).

Family LEPTOCYTHERIDAE Hanai, 1957Subfamily LEPTOCYTHERINAE Hanai, 1957

Genus Callistocythere Ruggieri, 1953

Callistocythere crucifera (Hartmann, 1953) nov. comb.Pl. 2, fig. 17

1953 Leptocythere crucifera nov. sp. - HARTMANN, pp. 655-656,Text-figs. 34a-d.

1972 Leptocythere cf. crucifera Hartmann, 1953 - UFFENORDE, pp.61, 63, Pl. 2, fig. 3; Pl. 6, fig. 3.

This rare species was included in the genusLeptocythere, although Uffenorde (1972) hypothesizedits possible attribution to the genus Callistocythere.According to the heavy ornamentation of the valves, this


figs. 1-2 - Procytherideis retifera Ruggieri, 1978.1 - LV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.2 - RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 49.

fig. 3 - Paijenborchella malajensis cymbula Ruggieri, 1950, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 22.fig. 4 - Paijenborchella iocosa Kingma, 1948, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.fig. 5 - Procytherideis subspiralis Brady, Crosskey & Robertson, 1874, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.fig. 6 - Tetracytherura irregularis (Terquem, 1878), LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.fig. 7 - Leptocythere bacescoi (Rome, 1942), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 47.figs. 8-9 - Leptocythere multipunctata (Seguenza, 1884), sample PNOI 21.


figs. 10-12 - Leptocythere ramosa (Rome, 1942), sample PNOI 24.10 - RV, lateral external view.11 - LV, lateral external view.12 - Carapace, dorsal view.

figs. 13-15 - Leptocythere transiens (Pucci, 1956), sample PNOI 11.13 - RV, lateral external view.14 - LV, lateral external view.15 - Carapace, dorsal view.

fig. 16 - Callistocythere pallida (Müller, 1894), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.fig. 17 - Callistocythere crucifera (Hartmann, 1953), RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.



seems more reasonable. C. crucifera was known onlyfrom living specimens in the Mediterranean. In the presentpaper its stratigraphical range is extended down to theCalabrian (Santernian p.p.).

Callistocythere dubia nov. sp.Pl. 3, figs. 3-5

1980 Callistocythere sp. 1 - COLALONGO & PASINI, p. 55, Pl. 5, fig. 5.1981 Callistocythere sp. - MOSTAFAWI, pp. 140-141, Pl. 4, figs. 5-6.1991 Callistocythere? badia (Norman, 1962) - BARRA, pp. 68,103-

104, 286 295, Pl. 6, figs. 7-8.2001 Callistocythere? Badia (Norman, 1962) - ARBULLA ET AL.,

pp. 27, 30-32, Pl. 3, fig. g.2004 Callistocythere? Badia (Norman, 1962) - ARBULLA ET AL.,

pp. 93-96, 98, Pl. 1, figs. 1-2.

Derivatio nominis - For the uncertain identificationof this species in the previous literature.

Holotype - Right female valve (Pl. 3, fig. 5),dimensions: L = 0.43 mm; H = 0.21 mm, cataloguenumber G.O.C. M106/3/12.

Paratype - Juvenile right valve, catalogue numberG.O.C. M101/2/4.

Type locality - Giovanni XXIII gallery, Farnesina, Rome.

Stratum typicum - Monte Mario Fm., Sabbie giallecon panchina Member, sample PNOI 47.

Age - Early Calabrian (Santernian p.p.).

Diagnosis - Middle-sized Callistocytherecharacterised by a dorsally opened V-shaped anterior ridge(VA9) and by a strong ornamentation in the central area.

Description - In the following description, thenomenclature reported by Ciampo 1984 (pp. 248-249)has been used.

Female valve sub-rectangular in lateral view. Roundedanterior margin slightly infracurved, not crenulated.Dorsal margin slightly convex and inclined posteriorly.Posterior margin narrowly rounded. VA extendedanteriorly, almost reaching the anterior margin, andventrally sub-parallel to the anterior border, joining moreor less VA1 (Pl. 3, fig. 5). Before reaching the anteriorborder, from VA another equally developed ridge ispresent, extending towards the dorsal margin and reachingthe anterior border. Together, these two ridges form atypical V. S and S1 are well developed, while S2 is absent.T rather developed, covered by small pits. O is presentand joined posteriorly with a ventral ridge, forming a widecurvature. VP1 strongly developed from the posteriorcardinal border area toward the middle of the ventralmargin. It joins VP2 through thin ridges. Small pits,particularly in the antero-ventral zone, cover theremaining surface. Median sulcus developed only in themid-dorsal portion of the valve. Internal characters typicalof the genus. Sexual dimorphism present with male valves(Pl. 3, fig. 4) elongated, sub-rectangular and withrectilinear dorsal border.

Dimensions (in mm) -Monte Mario, male LV L = 0.48 H = 0.23Holotype, female RV L = 0.43 H = 0.21Kos island (Mostafawi, 1981) L = 0.47-0.49 H = 0.24-0.26


figs. 1-2 - Callistocythere flavidofusca (Ruggieri, 1950), sample RM 7.1 - RV, lateral external view.2 - LV, lateral external view.

figs. 3-5 - Callistocythere dubia nov. sp.3 - Juvenile, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 47.4 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.5 - Holotype, female RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 47.

figs. 6-11 - Ionicythere reticulata (Colalongo & Pasini, 1980), sample RM 5.6 - Female RV, lateral external view.7 - Female RV, dorsal view.8 - Male RV, lateral external view.9 - Female LV, lateral external view.10 - Female LV, lateral external view.11 - Male LV, lateral external view.

figs. 12-16 - Ionicythere planocostata nov. sp.12 - Holotype, female RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.13 - Paratype, female LV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.14 - Female RV, dorsal view, sample RM 6.15 - Paratype, male RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.16 - Paratype, male LV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.

fig. 17 - Mediocytherideis (Sylvestra) virgula Bonaduce, Russo & Barra, 1990, female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 47.fig. 18 - Limnocythere inopinata (Baird, 1843), female RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 42.fig. 19 - Metacypris cordata Brady & Robertson, 1870, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.fig. 20 - Eucythere curta Ruggieri, 1975, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.



Comparisons - Callistocythere dubia nov. sp. is verysimilar to Callistocythere badia (Norman, 1862) livingin the Atlantic (Cornwall) and Mediterranean (Cyprus)areas, but in the central zone of the valve it is morestrongly ornamented (cf. Athersuch & Whittaker, 1977,Pl. 4, figs. 1-8; Athersuch et al., 1989, p. 111, fig. 42A,Pl. 2, fig. 5), and it is slightly smaller in size (C. badia, L= 0.55-0.60 mm). Callistocythere dubia nov. sp. issimilar also to Callistocythere sigillata Ruggieri, 1976afrom the Calabrian (Emilian) of the Falesia di Cinisi(Sicily) in the general shape, in the ridge pattern and inthe position of the median sulcus, but it lacks the typicalV-shaped pattern of the anterior ridges.

Distribution - The species is rather rare. At MonteMario only two adult and one juvenile valves have beenrecovered, respectively from samples PNOI 23 (lateZanclean) and PNOI 47 (Santernian); three valves havebeen collected by Mostafawi (1981) from the Gelasianof Kos (Gurniati Formation, Greece); it has beenrecovered in few Calabrian (Emilian) samples from Vrica(Calabria, Southern Italy) (Colalongo & Pasini, 1980),in the Holocene of Campania (Italy) (Barra, 1991) and inthe recent sandy sediments of the Golfo Saline (north-eastern Sardinia) (Arbulla et al., 2001, 2004). Thus, thegeneral distribution of this species in the Mediterraneanarea is Zanclean-Recent.

Genus Ionicythere Mostafawi, 1986

Ionicythere reticulata (Colalongo & Pasini, 1980)Pl. 3, figs. 6-11

1980 Cytheromorpha reticulata nov. sp. - COLALONGO & PASINI,p. 80, Pl. 7, figs. 1-8.

1983 Cytheromorpha reticulata Colalongo & Pasini - ARUTA, p.117, Pl. 2, figs. 16-17.

nec 1993 Cytheromorpha reticulata Colalongo & Pasini -NACHITE ET AL., p. 33, Pl. 1, figs. 7-8.

nec 1994 Ionicythere reticulata Colalongo & Pasini - DANATSAS,p. 112, Pl. 1, figs. 16-18.

This rare species shows a scattered stratigraphicalrange: early Messinian (Aruta, 1983) and Gelasian(Colalongo & Pasini, 1980). Its presence in the MonteMario succession represents its first record in theCalabrian (Santernian p.p.).

Ionicythere planocostata nov. sp.Pl. 3, figs. 12-16

Derivatio nominis - From Latin planus, a, um:flattened, referring to the flattened costae thatcharacterise the ornamentation of this species.

Holotype Female left valve (Pl. 3, fig. 13),dimensions L = 0.43 mm; H = 0.21 mm; cataloguenumber: G.O.C. M106/6/2.

Paratypes - 3 left male valves (G.O.C. M83/2/3,G.O.C. T26/5-6), 4 right male valves (G.O.C. M83/2/4,G.O.C. T26/7-9), 5 right female valves (G.O.C. M83/2/5,G.O.C. M83/2/6, G.O.C. M106/6/3, G.O.C. T26/3-4), 3left female valves (G.O.C. M83/2/7, G.O.C. T26/1-2).

Type locality - Giovanni XXIII gallery, Farnesina, Rome.

Stratum typicum - Monte Mario Fm., Sabbie grigiead Arctica islandica Member, sample RM 5.

Age - Calabrian (Santernian p.p.).

Diagnosis - A Ionicythere species characterised byflattened longitudinal costae and rounded pits.


fig. 1 - Parakrithe acuta Aiello, Barra, Abate & Bonaduce, 1993, RV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 14.figs. 2-4 - Parakrithe ariminensis (Ruggieri, 1967).

2 - LV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 14.3 - LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.4 - RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.

figs. 5-7 - Parakrithe declivis Ciampo, 1980.5 - RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.6 - LV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 14.7 - LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.

figs. 8-10 - Parakrithe dimorpha Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976, sample PNOI 14.8 - RV, lateral external view.9 - LV, lateral external view in transmitted light.10 - LV, lateral external view in transmitted light.

figs. 11-12 - Parakrithe lata Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1993, sample PNOI 14.11 - RV, lateral external view in transmitted light.12 - LV, lateral external view in transmitted light.

figs. 13-16 - Krithe exigua Abate, Barra, Aiello & Bonaduce, 1993.13 - RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 18.14 - LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 18.15 - RV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 14.16 - LV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 14.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.



Description - In lateral view the female valves aresub-rectangular in shape with anterior and posteriormargin regularly rounded and convex dorsal margin(particularly in the right valve). Near the postero-dorsalangle there is a remarkable depression. The valvesurface is covered by an irregular and dense reticulationmade of wide and flattened costae, mainly with aninclined antero-posterior trend, divided by smaller costaethat border mainly rounded pits. The pits are larger inthe antero- and postero-ventral areas; they are wellvisible in the muscle scar area, where they are locatedin a depression. The eye tubercle is present but flattened.Internal characters typical of the genus. Remarkablesexual dimorphism with more elongated males carryinga less pronounced postero-dorsal depression. The maledorsal border is rectilinear, the ventral margin concaveand the posterior one is less rounded than in the femalevalve (Pl. 3, figs. 15-16).

Dimensions (mm) -female RV L = 0.40-0.43 H = 0.20-0.22female LV L = 0.40-0.43 H = 0.21-0.22male LV L = 0.48-0.50 H = 0.21-0.23male RV L = 0.48-0.51 H = 0.21-0.23

Comparisons - Ionicythere planocostata nov. sp. isvery similar in the general shape and ornamentation toIonicythere reticulata (Colalongo & Pasini, 1980) butthis latter shows rectangular or polygonal pits and thecostae are slender and sharp. Ionicythere golnarae(Yassini, 1980) shows thinner costae and the lateralexternal outline is more rectangular, both in the male andin the female valves, owing to a more vertical posteriorborder. Ionicythere parva (Seguenza, 1880), re-definedby Ruggieri (1991), is larger in size, with thinner costae

and a more triangular lateral outline in the female valves,in which the maximum height is located immediatelybehind the eye tubercle.

Subfamily MEDIOCYTHERIDEISINAE Mandelstam, 1960

Genus Mediocytherideis Mandelstam, 1956Subgenus Sylvestra Doruk, 1973

Mediocytherideis (Sylvestra) virgula (Bonaduce,Russo & Barra, 1990)

Pl. 3, fig. 17

1990 Sylvestra virgula nov. sp. - BONADUCE, RUSSO & BARRA, p.287, Pl. 2, figs. 8-9.

Up to now, this species has been collected only fromthe Calabrian (Santernian) deposits of S. Margherita delBelice (Sicily) within intervals corresponding to warmclimatic oscillations (Bonaduce et al., 1990). AnotherM. (Sylvestra) species, M. (S.) seminis (Bonaduce,Masoli & Pugliese, 1976) has been recovered in the LatePleistocene (Tyrrhenian substage) of the Sarno Plain(Campania) (Barra, 1991). At present M. (Sylvestra) livesonly outside the Mediterranean and shows mainly anIndian Ocean distribution (Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, PersianGulf and Indian Ocean) (Ligios et al., 2008). Bonaduceet al. (1990) consider the subgenus Sylvestra a “warmguest” which entered the Mediterranean during theCalabrian warm climatic oscillations. At Monte Mario,S. virgula has been collected only in the samples fromthe Monte Mario Fm. within the Argille, limi e sabbiecon Cerastoderma Member, about 45 m above the secondArctica islandica level.


figs. 1-5 - Krithe compressa (Seguenza, 1880).1 - Female RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.2 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.3 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.4 - Female RV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 14.5 - Female LV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 14.

fig. 6 - Pontocythere turbida (Müller, 1894), RV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.fig. 7 - Bosquetina tarentina (Baird, 1850), LV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.fig. 8 - Cistacythereis (Cistacythereis) cebrenidos Ulicnzy, 1969, RV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.figs. 9-10 - Carinocythereis whitei (Baird, 1850).

9 - Juvenile LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.10 - LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 37.

fig. 11 - Cistacythereis (Cistacythereis) cebrenidos Ulicnzy, 1969, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.fig. 12 - Grinioneis haidingeri (Reuss, 1850), juvenile LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.fig. 13 - Flexus tenuicarinatus triebeli (Ruggieri, 1962), LV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.figs. 14-15 - Celtia (Celtia) quadridentata (Baird, 1850), sample RM 6.

14 - LV, lateral external view.15 - RV, lateral external view.

fig. 16 - Basslerites berchoni (Brady, 1869), LV, lateral external view in transmitted light, sample PNOI 46.fig. 17 - Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer, 1838), female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.



Family NEOCYTHERIDEIDAE Puri, 1957

Genus Neocytherideis Puri, 1952

Neocytherideis subulata (Brady, 1868)Pl. 1, figs. 17-18

1868 Cytherideis subulata nov. sp. - BRADY, p. 125.1869 Cytherideis subulata Brady var. fasciata var. nov. - BRADY &

ROBERTSON, p. 117, Pl. 5, figs. 1-5 (= juveniles).1905 Bairdia linearis Bosquet - CAPPELLI, p. 307, Pl. 9, fig. 5.1982 Neocytherideis subulata (Brady, 1868) - ATHERSUCH, pp. 233-

234, figs. 1a-g, Pl. 1, figs. 1-11 (with refs.).1985 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - STAMBOLIDIS,

pp. 196-197.1985 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - GUILLAUME

ET AL., Pl. 100, figs. 1-2.1985 Neocytherideis subulata (Brady & Robertson) - GUILLAUME

ET AL., Pl. 108, figs. 3-5.1987 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - ARANKI, p.

54, Pl. 17, fig. 11.1989 Neocytherideis subulata (Brady 1868) - ATHERSUCH ET AL., p.

123, fig. 48, Pl. 3, fig. 7 (with refs.).1989 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - LACHENAL,

pp. 29, 48, 56, 158, Pl. 3, fig. 10.1994 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - DANATSAS,

pp. 117, 130, Pl. 10, figs. 15-16.1998 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - MONTENEGRO

ET AL., pp. 94, 97-99.2001 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - ARBULLA ET

AL., pp. 27, 29-30, Pl. 3, fig. n.2005 Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson) - GUERNET, p.

106.

According to Athersuch (1982), N. subulata includesthe species N. fasciata (Brady & Robertson, 1869) sincethis species has been defined on the basis of juvenilevalves pertaining to N. subulata. The species isdistributed both in the Atlantic and Mediterranean areasfrom the Piacenzian (Yassini, 1980) to Present (Breman,1976; Ruggieri, 1980; Guillaume et al., 1985; Athersuchet al., 1989; Lachenal, 1989; Arbulla et al., 2001).Cappelli (1905) had already collected N. fasciata fromthe Monte Mario grey sands, but he referred these valvesto the species Bairdia linearis Brady (Tab. 2).

Genus Bosquetina Keij, 1957

Bosquetina tarentina (Baird, 1850)Pl. 5, fig. 7

1850 Cythere tarentina nov. sp. - BAIRD, p. 355, Pl. 18, figs. 31-33.1894 Cythereis dentata nov. sp. - MÜLLER, p. 379, Pl. 32, figs. 23,

27, 31.1900 Cythere cordiformis Terquem var. subtrigona Seguenza -

NAMIAS, p. 103, Pl. 15, figs. 12-13.1981 Bosquetina dentata (Müller) - MOSTAFAWI, p. 158, Pl. 10,

figs. 1-3.1984 Bosquetina tarentina Baird - MALZ & JELLINEK, p. 145, Pl. 6,

fig. 47.1985 Bosquetina dentata (Müller) - GUILLAUME ET AL., p. 337, Pl.

103, figs. 9-10.1989a Bosquetina tarentina (Baird) - MOSTAFAWI, p. 139, Pl. 5, fig.

114.1993 Bosquetina tarentina (Baird) - RUGGIERI & D’ARPA, p. 220.2006 Bosquetina tarentina (Baird) - MOSTAFAWI & MATZKE-KARASZ,

pp. 40-41, Pl. 2, fig. 7.

The taxonomy of this species has been a matter ofdiscussion (Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz, 2006). In thereported synonymy, only the quotation checked on thebasis of the illustrations have been reported. This specieswas already signalled at Monte Mario by Namias (1900)as Cythere cordiformis Terquem var. subtrigonaSeguenza (Tab. 2). At present B. tarentina is widespreadin the Recent Mediterranean (Müller, 1894) and in theAtlantic (Cap Breton, Guillaume et al., 1985). As fossilit is known with certainty from the Gelasian (Mostafawi& Matzke-Karasz, 2006; Malz & Jellinek, 1984;Mostafawi, 1981, 1989a; Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1993). AtMonte Mario it has been recovered in samples PNOI 11,PNOI 21 and RM 6, within or near the levels bearing A.islandica and the supposed cool temperatures of thewater could explain the occurrence of this typicalcircalittoral taxon within infralittoral assemblages.

Subfamily TRACHYLEBERIDINAE Sylvester-Bradley, 1948

Genus Celtia Neale, 1973Subgenus Celtia Neale, 1973

Celtia (Celtia) quadridentata (Baird, 1850)Pl. 5, figs. 14-15

1850 Cythere quadridentata sp. nov. - BAIRD, p. 173, Pl. 21, fig. 2.1900 Cythere quadridentata Brady not Kaufmann - NAMIAS, p. 95,

Pl. 14, fig. 23.1905 Cythere quadridentata Brady - CAPPELLI, p. 312, Pl. 1, fig. 17.2005 Celtia (Celtia) quadridentata (Baird) - WOOD, pp. 58-60, Pl.

1, figs. 1-7, figs. 1e-f (with refs.).

The species appears in the Zanclean of theMediterranean area (Morocco; Nachite et al., 1993), andoccurs in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean andAtlantic (Piacenzian of Altavilla, Sicily; Ruggieri &D’Arpa, 1997; Wood, 2005), but, at present, it seemswidespread only in the Atlantic area, from Morocco upto the British Isles (Athersuch et al., 1989). At MonteMario C. (C.) quadridentata occurs only in the Sabbiegrigie ad Arctica islandica Member and in the lowerportion of the Sabbie gialle con panchina Member.

Genus Costa Neviani, 1928

Costa edwardsii (Roemer, 1838)Pl. 6, figs. 1, 4, 7, 10

1838 Cytherina Edwardsii - ROEMER, p. 518, Pl. 6, fig. 27.1900 Cythere Edwardsii Roemer - NAMIAS, p. 97, Pl. 14, figs. 27-28.1905 Cythere Edwardsii Roemer - CAPPELLI, p. 310, Pl. 1, figs. 12,

12a, 12b.1961 Costa edwardsii edwardsii (Roemer) - RUGGIERI, pp. 3-5, Text-

fig. 1, Pl. 8, figs. 1-5.1969 Costa edwardsii edwardsii (Roemer) - ULICZNY, p. 87.1971 Costa edwardsii edwardsii (Roemer) - CIAMPO, pp. 289, 291,

293, 294, Pl. 5, figs. 1-3.1972 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - SISSINGH, p. 100, Pl. 7, fig. 4.1972 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - UFFENORDE, p. 72, Pl. 8, fig. 2.1976 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - BONADUCE ET AL., p. 25, Pl. 25,

figs. 1-7.1978 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - BRESTENSKÁ & JIRICEK, pp. 407,

410, Pl. 4, figs. 5-6.



1981 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - MOSTAFAWI, p. 146, Pl. 6, figs.1-3, 7 (with refs.).

1985 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - GUILLAUME ET AL., p. 337, Pl.102, figs. 1-2.

1989 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - ZAGGER & MALZ, Pl. 3, fig. 7.1993 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - RUIZ MUÑOZ & GONZALEZ-

REGALADO, p. 142, Pl. 1, fig. 17.1994 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - DANATSAS, p. 120, Pl. 11, figs.

14-16.1998 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - HAJJAJI ET AL., Pl. 1, figs. 1-2.2006 Costa edwardsii (Roemer) - MOSTAFAWI & MATZKE-KARASZ,

pp. 16, 18, Pl. 1, figs. 6-7 (with refs.).

The taxonomical history of this species is rathercomplex, well illustrated by Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz(2006). According to these authors, the differences inthe ornamentation between Costa edwardsii (Roemer)and Costa runcinata (Baird, 1850), which, followingRuggieri (1962a, 1976a) and Athersuch et al. (1989), arediagnostic at a specific or subspecific level, are, on thecontrary, only to be considered as ecophenotypicalcharacters. At Monte Mario both morphotypes arepresent. Very few heavy ornamented valves (edwardsii)have been recovered by Namias (1900), Cappelli (1905)and Ruggieri (R.O.C, Palermo) within the Sabbie grigiead A. islandica, while in the present paper only lessornamented valves (runcinata) have been collected, evenif the middle keel is always present on them and not absentas in the specimens figured by Athersuch et al. (1989)and considered by these authors typical of the species C.runcinata. Thus, in this paper the hypothesis ofMostafawi & Matzke-Karasz (2006) is accepted and allthe Costa specimens collected at Monte Mario arereferred to C. edwardsii with different ornamentations.This species is widespread both in the Atlantic and in theMediterranean from early Badenian (Brestenská &Jiricek, 1978), Middle-Late Miocene (?) of Gavdos,Crete (Sissingh, 1972) and, with certainty, from Tortonianto Recent (Aranki et al., 1992; Bonaduce et al., 1976;Guernet, 2005; Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz, 2006).

Genus Echinocythereis Puri, 1954Subgenus Rhodicythereis Sissingh, 1972

Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) pustulata (Namias,1900)

Pl. 6, fig. 12

1900 Cythere pustulata nov. sp. - NAMIAS, p. 102, Pl. 15, figs. 9-10.

1905 Cythere pustulata Namias - CAPPELLI, p. 317, Pl. 2, fig. 27.1969 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - ULICZNY, p. 105.1971 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - CIAMPO, pp. 281,

286, 291, Pl. 5, figs. 1-3.1972 Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) sp. - SISSINGH, p. 103, Pl.

7, fig. 11.1974 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - RUGGIERI, p. 166.1974 Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) sp. Sissingh - WOUTERS, p.

9.1976 Echinocythereis sp. - BONADUCE ET AL., p. 52, Pl. 31, fig. 8.1977 Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) sp. Sissingh - CARBONNEL

& MAGNÉ, p. 350, Pl. 1, figs. 12-13.1979 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - YASSINI, p. 379, Pl.

5, fig. 11.1980 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - YASSINI, pp. 92-93,

101, Pl. 10, figs. 6-7.

1980 Echinocythereis pustulata (Namias) - RUGGIERI, p. 129.1981 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - MOSTAFAWI, p. 150,

Pl. 7, figs. 12-13.1982 Rhodicythereis sp. Sissingh, 1972 - CARBONNEL & BALLESIO,

pp. 48-49, Pl. 5, figs. 15-16.1984 Echinocythereis pustulata (Namias) - MALZ & JELLINEK, p.

134, Pl. 3, fig. 25.1989a Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) cribrata (Terquem) -

MOSTAFAWI, p. 138, Pl. 5, fig. 110.1993 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - NACHITE ET AL., p.

142, Pl. 4, figs. 5-6.1997 Echinocythereis cribrata (Terquem) - RUGGIERI & D’ARPA,

pp. 188, 190-191.2000 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - BARRA & BONADUCE,

p. 216, Pl. 3, figs. 1-9.2006 Echinocythereis scabra (von Münster) - MOSTAFAWI &

MATZKE-KARASZ, pp. 21-22, Pl. 2, fig. 5.

Sissingh (1972) splits the genus Echinocythereis intotwo subgenera, Echinocythereis s.s., with a ventrally moreswollen carapace and convex ventral margin andRhodicythereis with more elongated carapace and straightventral margin. In the Pliocene of Crete and Rhodes thisauthor recognises the presence of both E. (E.) scabra(von Münster) and E. (Rhodicythereis) sp., larger and witha rare pustulated ornamentation. Carbonnel & Ballesio(1982) illustrate the same species (labelled asRhodicythereis sp. Sissingh) coming from the Piacenzianof southern France. These authors signal the presence ofthe same species also from the Piacenzian and Gelasianof northeastern Spain (Ampurdan), from the Pliocene ofAlgeria (signalled by Yassini, 1980 as E. scabra) and fromthe sub-recent (but probably a reworked valve) of theAdriatic Sea (=Echinocythereis sp. 1 in Bonaduce et al.,1976). Wouters (1974), revising the original material ofTerquem from Rhodes ascribes several Terquem’s species(Cythere cribrata Terquem, Cythere excavata Terquemand Cythere squamosa Terquem) to the subgenus E.(Rhodicythereis). Moreover, he considers E. (R.)excavata synonym of E. (R.) cribrata (which is the seniorsynonym), and, probably, also of E. (R.) squamosa.Anyway, according to Wouters (1974), E. (R.) cribratais different from E. (Rhodicythereis) sp. Sissingh,because it shows a diffused reticulated ornamentation,not made by pustules. Unfortunately, Wouters does notillustrate Terquem’s types and the original illustrationsby Terquem (1878) are not readable. Mostafawi (1989a)assigns to E. (R.) cribrata (Terquem) some valvesrecovered in the Early Pleistocene of Rhodes. Theillustrated specimen does not show any reticulatedornamentation, but only more or less spiny pustules. Theoutline and dimensions of the female valve illustrated byMostafawi (1989a) correspond to those of the femalevalves of E. (Rhodicythereis) sp. Sissingh figured byCarbonnel & Ballesio (1982). These valves are identicalto those figured by Namias (1900) as Cythere pustulata.The abundant valves recovered at Monte Mario arereferable to Namias’s species. In particular, the malevalves show the same shape and dimensions of the malevalve illustrated by Sissingh (1972). Thus, we refer thePlio-Pleistocene Mediterranean forms toEchinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) pustulata (Namias).The possible synonymy of this species with E. (R.)cribrata (Terquem) could be established only after a newillustration of Terquem’s holotype.



Ruggieri (1974) considers E. pustulata (Namias)as synonym of E. scabra (von Münster), although in1980 the same author considers both species as valid,waiting for a more accurate comparison. Malz &Jellinek (1984) retain them as two different species onthe basis of the different dimensions (topotypicspecimens of E. scabra: L = 0.90 mm, H = 0.52 mm(Moos, 1973), holotype of E. pustulata: L = 1.01 mm;H = 0.5 mm) and for the presence in E. scabra, of apostero-ventral swelling like a wing. This charactermirrors the subgeneric differences given by Sissingh(1972). According to Malz & Jellinek (1984) the largerspecies (L = 1.01-1.17 mm; H = 0.59-0.64 mm) figuredby Mostafawi (1981) from the Gelasian of the islandof Kos under the name of E. scabra must be referredto E. pustulata. Ruggieri & D’Arpa (1997) are inagreement with Malz & Jellinek (1984) as far as theseparation of E. scabra (from the late Eocene-EarlyMiocene, Ducasse et al., 1985) from the Plio-Pleistocene species is concerned, but consider Namias’sspecies as younger synonym of E. (R.) cribrataTerquem. As stated above, we do not accept the identityof these two species. Recent papers (Barra &Bonaduce, 2000; Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz, 2006),do not accept the subgeneric division proposed bySissingh (1972) and consider E. scabra the only validspecies, including in its synonymy also E. cribrata(Terquem) and E. (Rhodicythereis) sp. Sissingh,suggesting that the differences in shape and dimensionare due to ecophenotypic variability.

Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) pustulata is aMediterranean species spanning from Zanclean (Nachiteet al., 1993) to Calabrian (Sicilian) (Ruggieri, 1974). Therecords of this species in Recent sediments are uncertain:the only single valve collected in the Adriatic Sea by

Bonaduce et al. (1976) is considered by Barra &Bonaduce (2000) as probably reworked and the sub-recentvalves recorded by Yassini (1979) on the Bou-Ismailcoast (Algeria) are part of a thanathocoenosis.

Genus Henryhowella Puri, 1957

Henryhowella parthenopea Bonaduce, Barra & Aiello,1999

Pl. 6, figs. 2, 5, 8, 11

1900 Cythere dasyderma Brady var. circumdentata Brady - NAMIAS,p. 102, Pl. 15, fig. 8.

1905 Cythere dasyderma Brady - CAPPELLI, p. 317, Pl. 10, fig. 28.1969 Henryhowella asperrima (Reuss) - ULICZNY, p. 102, Pl. 17,

fig. 10.1984 Henryhowella hirta (Costa) - MALZ & JELLINEK, p. 140, Pl. 5,

fig. 37.1989 Henryhowella hirta (Costa) - ZANGGER & MALZ, Pl. 3, fig. 8.1999 Henryhowella parthenopea nov. sp. - BONADUCE ET AL., pp.

61-64, Pl. 3, figs. 1-11, 13-14; Pl. 4, figs. 11-12; Pl. 5, figs.3-5, 9-10, 12 (with refs.).

2003 Henryhowella hirta (Costa) - GUERNET ET AL., pp. 84-85.2006 Henryhowella hirta (Costa) - MOSTAFAWI & MATZKE-KARASZ,

pp. 20-21, Pl. 2, fig. 9.

Malz & Jellinek (1984), Zangger & Malz (1989), andMostafawi & Matzke-Karasz (2006) illustrate valves ofH. parthenopea under the name of Henryhowella hirta(Costa, 1853), suggesting that H. parthenopea is theyounger synonym of H. hirta. Anyway, the species H.hirta must be invalidated as the holotype of the species,stored at the University of Naples, is probably a juvenilevalve of Echinocythereis (pers. comm. G. Aiello).

The species is known from the Tortonian of Enna(Sicily, Ruggieri, 1962b) to Recent in the Atlantic andMediterranean area (Bonaduce et al., 1999).


figs. 1, 4, 7, 10 - Costa edwardsii (Roemer, 1838).1 - Female RV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.4 - Male RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 19.7 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 19.10 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.

figs. 2, 5, 8, 11 - Henryhowella parthenopea Bonaduce, Barra & Aiello, 1999.2 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.5 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 33.8 - Female RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.11 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.

fig. 3 - Cistacythereis (Hiltermannicythere) rubra (Müller, 1894), RV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.fig. 6 - Costa punctatissima Ruggieri, 1962, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 46.fig. 9 - Costa batei (Brady, 1866), juvenile RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 33.fig. 12 - Echinocythereis (Rhodicythereis) pustulata (Namias, 1900), RV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.fig. 13 - Echinocythereis (Echinocythereis) vidua Barra & Bonaduce, 2000, RV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.figs. 14-18 - Henryhowella sarsii profunda Bonaduce, Barra & Aiello, 1999.

14 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.15 - Female LV, lateral inner view, sample PNOI 23.16 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 18.17 - Male RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.18 - Male LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 23.

fig. 19 - Buntonia robusta Ruggieri, 1954, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.


237C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession Pl. 6Pl. 6



Genus Pterygocythereis Blake, 1933

Pterygocythereis coronata (Roemer, 1838)Pl. 7, fig. 1

1838 Cytherina coronata nov. sp. - ROEMER, p. 518, Pl. 6, fig. 30.1972 Pterygocythereis (Pterigocythereis) ceratoptera (Bosquet) -

SISSINGH, p. 111, Pl. 8, fig. 1.1976 Pterygocythereis ceratoptera (Bosquet) - BONADUCE ET AL., p.

53, Pl. 30, figs. 1-9.1978 Pterygocythereis siveteri sp. nov. - ATHERSUCH, pp. 1-8, Pl.

5, figs. 1-8.1981 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - MOSTAFAWI, p. 150, Pl.

7, fig. 11.1984 Pterygocythereis coronata (Roemer) - MALZ & JELLINEK, pp.

132-133, Pl. 3, fig. 20 (with refs.).1990 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - RÖMMELT-DOLL, p. 180,

Pl. 1, fig. 4.1992 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - ARANKI ET AL., p. 5.1993 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - RUIZ MUÑOZ &

GONZALES-REGALADO, p. 144, Pl. 2, fig. 7.1994 Pterygocythereis coronata (Roemer) - DANATSAS, pp. 121-

130, Pl. 12, figs. 8-9.1998 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - MONTENEGRO ET AL., pp.

94, 96-98.2001 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - BARRA & BONADUCE, p.

72.2003 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - DALL’ANTONIA, pp. 30,

32, 34.2005 Pterygocythereis coronata (Roemer) - GUERNET, p. 108.2005 Pterygocythereis siveteri Athersuch - GUERNET, p. 108.

The species is known from the late Langhian of theMediterranean area (Barra & Bonaduce, 2001;Dall’Antonia, 2003 as P. siveteri Athersuch) to Recentof the Atlantic and Mediterranean area (Römmelt-Doll,1990; Bonaduce et al., 1976; Athersuch, 1978).

Genus Carinovalva Sissingh, 1973

Carinovalva testudo (Namias, 1900)Pl. 7, figs. 3-4

1900 Cythere testudo nov. sp. - NAMIAS, p. 104, Pl. 15, figs. 14-15.

1978 Incongruellina marginata(Terquem, 1878) - BRESTENSKÁ &JIRICEK, Pl. 4, fig. 5.

1988 Incongruellina (Lixouria) marginata(Terquem, 1878) -NASCIMENTO, pp. 109-110, Pl. 6, fig. 2.

1983 Carinovalva testudo Namias, 1900 - ARUTA, p. 116, Pl. 3,figs. 14-15.

1993 Carinovalva testudo Namias, 1900 - RUGGIERI & D’ARPA, p.222 (with refs.).

1998 Carinovalva marginata (Terquem, 1878) - BABINOT & BOUKLI-HACENE, p. 7, fig. 3.

2001 Incongruellina (Lixouria) marginata(Terquem, 1878) - BARRA

& BONADUCE, pp. 64, 66, Pl. 4, figs. 5, 7.2003 Carinovalva testudo Namias, 1900 - DALL’ANTONIA, p. 33,

Tab. 3.

The species was arised by Namias (1900) fromspecimens recovered from the Farnesina deposits and,afterwards, it was collected also by Cappelli (1905). It isa fossil species, spanning from Aquitanian to Serravallianof Portugal (Nascimento, 1988) in the Atlantic Area andearly Badenian (Brestenská & Jiricek, 1978), Langhian ofMalta (Barra & Bonaduce, 2001), Messinian of Algeria

(Babinot & Boukli-Hacene, 1998), “Sahelian” of Sicily(Aruta, 1983), and from Zanclean to late Calabrian (earlySicilian, Ruggieri & D’Arpa, 1993) in the Mediterraneanarea. In our samples the species have been collected onlyin the Monte Mario Fm.

Subfamily CAMPYLOCYTHERINAE Puri, 1960Genus Ruggieria Keij, 1957

Ruggieria longecarenata (Namias, 1900) nov. comb.Pl. 7, figs. 9-10, 13, 15-16

1900 Cythere longecarenata nov. sp. NAMIAS, p. 101, Pl. 15, figs.3-4.

1900 Cythere laciniata nov. sp. NAMIAS, p. 101, Pl. 15, figs. 5-6.

Namias (1900) established two new species, Cytherelongecarenata nov. sp. and Cythere laciniata nov. sp.,both characterised by an elongated outline, but withdifferently developed costae and spines. Cytherelaciniata is smaller (0.70 mm against 1.0 mm). In ourMonte Mario samples both forms are present but thesmaller one is clearly a juvenile stage of the larger one.Thus Cythere laciniata has been established on juvenilevalves of Cythere longecarenata. Concerning the genericattribution, this species must be referred to RuggieriaKeij, 1957 for the internal (hinge, muscle scar and fusionzone) and external characters (ovate shape and presenceof a feeble keel).

At present the species has been recovered only fromthe Sabbie grigie ad A. islandica Member and in the basalportion of the Sabbie Gialle con panchina Member of theMonte Mario Fm.

Family HEMICYTHERIDAE Puri, 1953Subfamily HEMICYTHERINAE Puri, 1953

Genus Aurila Pokorny, 1955Subgenus Aurila Pokorny, 1955

Aurila (Aurila) abscisa (Terquem, 1878)Pl. 8, fig. 1

1878 Cythere abscisa nov. sp. - TERQUEM, p. 108, Pl. 12, figs.12a-c.

1969 Aurila convexa emathiae nov. sp. - ULICZNY, p. 22, Pl.1, figs. 7-8; Pl. 11, figs. 3-4.

1969 Aurila interpretis nov. sp. - ULICZNY, p. 28, Pl. 2, Fig. 6;Pl. 12, figs. 2-3.

1976b Aurila (Euarila) bradleyana favorita n. subsp. -RUGGIERI, p. 38, figs. 11-12.

1980 Aurila (Euarila) favorita Ruggieri - RUGGIERI, p. 130.1983 Aurila (Euarila) convexa (Baird) - ARUTA, p. 115, Pl. 1,

fig. 3.1983 Aurila (Euarila) favorita Ruggieri - ARUTA & RUGGIERI,

p. 294, Pl. 1, figs. 5-6, 13.1986 Aurila interpretis Uliczny - MOSTAFAWI, pp. 282-284, Pl.

1, figs. 14-15.1989a Aurila (Euarila) terebrata Terquem - MOSTAFAWI, p. 133,

Pl. 4, fig. 75.nec 1989a Aurila (Euarila) abscisa Terquem - MOSTAFAWI, p. 133,

Pl. 4, fig. 74.nec 1989 Aurila (Euarila) abscisa Terquem - ZANGGER & MALZ,

Pl. 2, fig. 12.



2004 Aurila (Euarila) favorita Ruggieri - DALL’ANTONIA ET

AL., pp. 147-148, 155, Pl. 1, fig. 1.2006 Aurila (Euarila) abscisa Terquem - MOSTAFAWI &

MATZKE-KARASZ, p. 31, Pl. 5, figs. 1-2; Pl. 8, figs. 2-3.

This species is very rare at Monte Mario and it hasbeen recovered only in sample RM 6. A. (A.) abscisa isknown from the early Messinian to Calabrian (Sicilian)of the Mediterranean area (Terquem, 1878; Uliczny,1969; Ruggieri, 1976b, 1980; Aruta, 1983; Mostafawi,1986b; Dall’Antonia et al., 2004; Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz, 2006).

Aurila (Aurila) cephalonica Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz, 2006

Pl. 7, figs. 11, 14

1969 Aurila speyeri nevianii n. subsp. - ULICZNY, p. 47.2006 Aurila (Aurila) cephalonica nov. sp. - MOSTAFAWI & MATZKE-

KARASZ, p. 34, Pl. 5, fig. 10.

Up to now the species was known only from thePliocene of Cephalonia (Uliczny, 1969; Mostafawi &Matzke-Karasz, 2006). Its recovery at Monte Mario isthe first record of the species in the Calabrian (Santernianp.p.). Along the Monte Mario succession A. (A.)cephalonica is vicariant with Aurila (Cruciaurila)cruciata: the first is present only in the Monte Mariosands, while the latter has been recovered only in the Limidi Farneto Member.

Aurila (Aurila) diversofoveolata nov. sp.Pl. 8, figs. 2-4, 6, 8

Derivatio nominis - From the differently shapedfoveolae.

Holotype - Left female valve (Pl. 8, fig. 2), dimensionsL = 0.71 mm; H = 0.40 mm; catalogue number: G.O.C.M106/2/2.

Paratypes - One left female valve (G.O.C. M109/2/4), one right female valve (G.O.C. M106/2/3).

Type locality - Giovanni XXIII gallery, Farnesina,Rome.

Stratum typicum - Monte Mario Fm., Sabbie giallecon panchina Member, sample PNOI 45.

Age - Calabrian (Santernian p.p.).

Diagnosis - A species of Aurila characterised by apitted ornamentation with rounded pits in the centro-ventral area and rectangular pits in the postero-dorsal area;wide and well evident solea.

Description - In lateral view the female valves are sub-trapezoidal in shape, with regularly rounded anteriormargin, posterior margin with a short caudal process,dorsal margin feebly arched and strongly inclined

backwards and maximum height immediately posteriorlyto the eye tubercle. Well evident spur, which does notencompass the margin. The lateral surface of the valve isentirely covered by pits, rounded and well separated inthe centro-ventral area, elongated and sub-rectangular inshape in the postero-dorsal area, where they are organizednearly concentrically. Small rounded pits are presentbehind the eye tubercle and along the dorsal margin, as itis possible to see in dorsal view (Pl. 8, fig. 4). In theflattened margin a slight festoon is evident. The sledge ispresent and wide; the solea is well defined, slightlydepressed between the sledge rims (Pl. 8, fig. 8). Thepresence of this solea causes a swelling in the centro-ventral area. In dorsal view the maximum wide is at themid of the length. Internal characters typical of the genus.

Dimensions (mm) -female RV L = 0.68 H = 0.36female LV L = 0.70-0.72 H = 0.40male RV L = 0.51 H = 0.22male LV L = 0.50 H = 0.21

Comparisons - In comparison with the genusCimbaurila, our species is less trapezoidal, less heavilyornamented, with smaller and more rounded pits, and lessdeveloped spur, which does not encompass the margin.Aurila (A.) diversofoveolata nov. sp. is close to A. (A.)lanceaeformis Uliczny for the outline in lateral view, butin A. lanceaeformis the pits are denser and give origin toa strong superficial reticulation that lacks in our species.

Aurila (Aurila) hesperiae Ruggieri, 1975Pl. 7, fig. 8

1900 Cythere Speyeri Brady - NAMIAS, p. 91, Pl. 14, figs. 13-14.1905 Cythere Speyeri Brady - CAPPELLI, p. 311, Pl. 9, fig. 15.1950 Hemicythere cicatricosa arborescens Brady - RUGGIERI, p. 35,

fig. 3.1969 Aurila cicatricosa (Reuss) - ULICZNY, p. 20.1972 Aurila arborescens (Brady) - UFFENORDE, p. 77, Pl. 8, fig. 5.1975 Aurila hesperiae n. sp. - RUGGIERI, pp. 427-428.1976b Aurila (Aurila) hesperiae Ruggieri - RUGGIERI, p. 30, fig. 8.1983 Aurila (Aurila) hesperiae Ruggieri - ARUTA & RUGGIERI, p.

290, Pl. 1, fig. 4.1996 Aurila (Aurila) hesperiae - RUGGIERI, p. 3.2006 Aurila (Aurila) hesperiae Ruggieri - MOSTAFAWI & MATZKE-

KARASZ, p. 27, Pl. 3, fig. 8.

The species occurs in the Pliocene of Cephalonia(Uliczny, 1969), and from the Calabrian (Emilian, Imola,Ruggieri, 1950, 1975) to Present (Uffenorde, 1972) onlyin the Mediterranean area. We do not retain as valid thesynonymy of this species with the Atlantic-MediterraneanAurila arborescens (Brady, 1866), already refused byRuggieri (1975) but re-stated by Guernet (2005), for thedifferences between the two species in the general lateraloutline of the valve and in the ornamentation. A. (A.)hesperiae has been often confused with Aurilacicatricosa (Reuss) from the Middle Miocene of theVienna Basin. We do not agree with Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz (2006) that consider the specimens referred byDall’Antonia & Bossio (2001) to A. cicatricosa synonymof A. (A.) hesperiae.




fig. 1 - Pterygocythereis coronata (Roemer, 1838), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 21.fig. 2 - Pterygocythereis jonesii (Baird, 1850), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 24.figs. 3-4 - Carinovalva testudo (Namias, 1900).

3 - RV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.4 - LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.

fig. 5 - Buntonia sublatissima (Neviani, 1906), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 14.figs. 6-7 - Aurila (Cruciaurila) cruciata (Ruggieri, 1950), sample PNOI 27.


fig. 8 - Aurila (Aurila) hesperiae Ruggieri, 1975, LV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.figs. 9-10, 13 - Ruggieria longecarenata (Namias, 1900), sample RM 7.

9 - LV, dorsal view.10 - Juvenile LV, dorsal view.13 - Juvenile RV, lateral external view.

figs. 11, 14 - Aurila (Aurila) cephalonica Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz, 2006, sample PNOI 45.11 - LV, lateral external view.14 - RV, lateral external view.

fig. 12 - Aurila (Aurila) convexa (Baird, 1850), female LV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.figs. 15-16 - Ruggieria longecarenata (Namias, 1900).

15 - LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.16 - RV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Aurila (Aurila) punctata (von Münster, 1830)Pl. 8, figs. 7, 9

1830 Cythere punctata n. sp. VON MÜNSTER, p. 62.1900 Cythere convexa Baird - NAMIAS, p. 12, Pl. 1, figs. 11-

12.1905 Cythere convexa Baird - CAPPELLI, p. 8, Pl. 9, figs. 9-9a.

nec 1962b Mutilus (Aurila) punctatus (von Münster) - RUGGIERI, p.37, Pl. 14, fig. 8.

1969 Aurila convexa convexa (Baird) - ULICZNY, p. 21, Pl. 11,figs. 1-2.

1971 Mutilus (Aurila) convexa (Baird) - CIAMPO, p. 12, Pl. 3,figs. 1-5.

1973 Aurila punctata (von Münster) WOUTERS, Pl. 2, figs.3a-b.

1976b Aurila punctata (von Münster) RUGGIERI, p. 31, fig. 4(with refs.).

1976 Aurila punctata (von Münster) - BONADUCE ET AL., p.44, Pl. 28, fig. 14.

1992 Aurila punctata (von Münster) - CIAMPO, pp. 227, 229.2000 Aurila punctata punctata (von Münster) - HARRISON ET

AL., p. 26, Pl. 2, figs. 7-13; Pl. 12, fig. 2.2006 Aurila (Aurila) cf. punctata - MOSTAFAWI & MATZKE-

KARASZ, p. 26, Pl. 3, fig. 3.2006 Aurila (Euaurila) punctata (von Münster) - GROSS, pp.

48, 56-57, Fig. 6/9, Pl. 29, figs. 10-11; Pl. 30, figs. 1-8(with refs.).

Namias (1900) and Cappelli (1905) report thepresence of Cythere convexa Baird in the Monte Mariosands. Anyway, the size and the regular distribution ofthe pits suggest the attribution of their specimens to A.(A.) punctata. The species is known from several Atlanticand Mediterranean localities. According to Harrison etal. (2000), A. (A.) punctata spans from Oligocene (Oertli,1956) to Pliocene, but in Oertli’s paper only the topotypesof the “Astian” (Pliocene) of Castellarquato (Piacenza)are mentioned. In Gross (2006) several findings of thisspecies are recorded, from the late Badenian of Austria

(Reuss, 1850) and Poland (Paruch-Kulcycka &Szczechura, 1996) to Pliocene. A. (A.) punctata isreported also from the early Badenian of Austria (Zorn,2004). According to Ruggieri (1976b) the species isdistributed from Tortonian (Ruggieri, 1962b) toCalabrian (Emilian and, dubitatively, Sicilian, Ruggieri,1976b, 1980). Guernet (2005) reports the species asliving in the Adriatic sea, according to the data reportedby Bonaduce et al. (1976), but these authors themselvesconsider their specimens as reworked. Concluding, itseems that A. (A.) punctata is distributed from earlyBadenian to Calabrian (Emilian, perhaps Sicilian) only inthe circum-Mediterranean area.

Subgenus Cruciaurila Ruggieri, 1975

Aurila (Cruciaurila) cruciata (Ruggieri, 1950)Pl. 7, figs. 6-7

1950 Hemicythere cicatricosa (Reuss) cruciata n. var. -RUGGIERI, pp. 32-35, figs. 16-20, Pl. 1, fig. 5.

1959 Mutilus cruciatus (Ruggieri) - RUGGIERI, p. 200.1960 ?Mutilus cruciatus (Ruggieri) - MEDIOLI, p. 212.1963 ?Mutilus cruciatus (Ruggieri) - MEDIOLI, p. 279.

nec 1969 Aurila cruciata cruciata (Ruggieri) - ULICZNY, p. 23.nec 1972 Aurila cruciata cruciata (Ruggieri) - SISSINGH, p. 114, Pl.

8, fig. 6.1975 Aurila cruciata (Ruggieri) - RUGGIERI, pp. 421, 425.1976b Aurila (Cruciaurila) cruciata (Ruggieri) - RUGGIERI, pp.

28, 33, Fig. 1, Pl. 1, figs. 5-6.1978a Aurila (Cruciaurila) cruciata (Ruggieri) - RUGGIERI, pp.

4-5, 7.1980 Aurila (Cruciaurila) cruciata Ruggieri (sic.) - RUGGIERI,

p. 130.1996 Cruciaurila cruciata (Ruggieri, 1950) - RUGGIERI, p. 3.

nec 1998 Aurila cruciata (Ruggieri, 1950) - HAJJAJI ET AL., pp.215-216, 218, Pl. 1, figs. 11-12.


241Pl. 7C. Faranda, E. Gliozzi - Ostracods of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario succession



This species has been recovered only in the Limi diFarneto Member, where it is dominant. Uliczny (1969)and Sissingh (1972) record it erroneously from thePliocene of Cephalonia and from the Plio-Pleistoceneof Crete (Iraklion Fm.), Karpathos (Pigadia Fm.), andRhodes (Kritika Fm.). According to Mostafawi & Matzke-Karasz (2006) their specimens must be referred to Aurila(A.) anguisfoveata Uliczny, 1969. Anyway, the specieshas been recently recovered in the Gelasian deposits ofFara in Sabina (Latium, Italy) (MPl 6, unpublished data).Before the present paper, A. (C.) cruciata had beenrecovered in Italy only from Calabrian (Emilian) deposits(Ruggieri, 1950, 1959, 1975, 1976b, 1978a, 1980, 1996;Medioli, 1960, 1963).

Genus Cimbaurila Ruggieri, 1976

Cimbaurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza, 1883)Pl. 8, figs. 10, 14

1883 Cythere cimbaeformis nov. sp. - SEGUENZA, p. 20 (partim),Pl. 1, figs. 6a-c (non fig. 6d).

1883 Cythere Venus nov. sp. - SEGUENZA, p. 48, Pl. 1, fig. 7.1900 Cythere cimbaeformis farnesiensis nov. sp. - NAMIAS, p.

81, Pl. 14, figs. 15-16.1900 Cythere Venus Seguenza - NAMIAS, p. 103, Pl. 15, fig. 11.1905 Cythere cimbaeformis Seguenza - CAPPELLI, p. 311, Pl. 9,

fig. 13.1905 Cythere Venus Seguenza - CAPPELLI, p. 311, Pl. 9, fig. 14.1950 Hemicythere cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - RUGGIERI, p.

38, fig. 22, Pl. 1, fig. 2.

1969 Mutilus cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - ULICZNY, p. 52, Pl.14, fig. 7.

1973c Mutilus cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - DORUK, pp. 121-124,Pl. 1, figs. 1-3.

1976 Aurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - BONADUCE ET AL., p.43, Pl. 17, fig. 15.

nec 1981 Aurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - TSAPRALIS, p. 97(partim), Pl. 2, fig. 8.

1983 Aurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - ARUTA & RUGGIERI, pp.32, 39, fig. 13.

1985 Mutilus? labiatus nov. sp. - CARBONEL, Pl. 92, fig. 6.1986 Aurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - MOSTAFAWI, Pl. 3, fig. 47.1987 Cimbaurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - BONADUCE ET AL.,

Pl. 1, fig. 1-4.nec 1987 Aurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - ARANKI, pp. 27, 35,

41,68, Pl. 8, figs. 10-13.nec 1992 Cimbaurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - BONADUCE ET AL.,

p. 34, Pl. 8, fig. 14.1992 Cimbaurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - CIAMPO, pp. 227,

231.1993 Aurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - NACHITE ET AL., pp.

33-34, Pl. 5, figs. 8-9.2006 Cimbaurila cimbaeformis (Seguenza) - MOSTAFAWI &

MATZKE-KARASZ, p. 27, Pl. 3, fig. 8.

Namias (1900) records this species at Monte Marioand arises a new subspecies (Cythere cimbaeformisfarnesiensis) on the basis of slight differences in theornamentation, which seems more variable than in thenominal species, and for a stronger sexual dimorphism.These characters are not considered as valid neither byCappelli (1905) nor by Ruggieri (1950), which states acomplete identity between the Farnesina specimens and


fig. 1 - Aurila (Aurila) abscisa (Terquem, 1878), LV, lateral external view, sample RM 6.figs. 2-4, 6, 8 - Aurila (Aurila) diversofoveolata nov. sp.

2 - Holotype, female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.3 - Paratype, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.4 - Paratype, female LV, dorsal view, sample PNOI 45.6 - Female LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 37.8 - Paratype, LV, ventral view, sample PNOI 45.

fig. 5 - Aurila (Aurila) lanceaeformis Uliczny, 1969, LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 37.figs. 7, 9 - Aurila (Aurila) punctata (Münster, 1830).

7 - LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.9 - RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 11.

figs. 10, 14 - Cimbaurila cimbaeformis(Seguenza, 1883), sample PNOI 11.10 - RV, lateral external view.14 - LV, lateral external view.

fig. 11 - Graptocythere intricata (Terquem, 1878), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 41.figs. 12-13 - Cimbaurila cf. C. ulicznyi (Sissingh, 1972).

12 - Juvenile LV, dorsal view, sample PNOI 45.13 - Juvenile LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.

fig. 15 - Heterocythereis albomaculata (Baird, 1838), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 33.fig. 16 - Mutilus laticancellatus (Neviani, 1928), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 33.fig. 17 - Urocythereis praelonga (Terquem, 1878), RV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.figs. 18-19 - Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza, 1880), sample PNOI 45.


fig. 20 - Cytheretta subradiosa (Roemer, 1838), RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.fig. 21 - Protocytheretta obtusa Ruggieri, 1962, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 45.fig. 22 - Cytheretta adriatica Ruggieri, 1952, RV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 33.fig. 23 - Loxoconcha glabra (Brady, 1866), LV, lateral external view, sample PNOI 46.fig. 24 - Loxoconcha alata Brady, 1868, juvenile LV, lateral external view, sample RM 7.fig. 25 - Loxoconcha rhomboidea (Fischer, 1855), LV, lateral external view, sample RM 5.

Scale bar = 0.1 mm.



those from Imola, designated as the neotypes of C.cimbaeformis. Namias (1900) and Cappelli (1905) quotefrom the Farnesina deposits also Cythere venusSeguenza. Ruggieri (1984) showed that the type of thisspecies is the A-1 instar of C. cimbaeformis.

The species is known from the Early Pliocene(Nachite et al., 1993) to the Calabrian (Emilian) (Aruta& Ruggieri, 1983; Bonaduce et al., 1987) in theMediterranean area.

Cimbaurila cf. C. ulicznyi (Sissingh, 1972)Pl. 8, figs. 12-13

1969 Aurila sp. B - ULICZNY, p. 45, Pl. 14, figs. 3-4.1969 Aurila sp. A spp. a - ULICZNY, p. 45, Pl. 14, fig. 2.1972 Aurila ulicznyi nov. sp. - SISSINGH, p. 120, Pl. 8, figs. 13-14.1979 Aurila (Cimbaurila) ulicznyi - BASSIOUNI, p. 124, Pl. 21, fig. 3.1981 Aurila ulicznyi Sissingh - MOSTAFAWI, p. 156, Pl. 9, figs. 3-6.1983 Aurila (Cimbaurila) ulicznyi Sissingh - ARUTA & RUGGIERI, p.

292, Pl. 2, figs. 7-8.1984 Pokorniella (subgen.?) ulicznyi Sissingh - MALZ & JELLINEK,

p. 131, Pl. 2, fig. 18.1986 Aurila (Pterygoaurila) ulicznyi Sissingh - MOSTAFAWI, p. 135,

Pl. 4, fig. 88.1994 Aurila ulicznyi Sissingh - DANATSAS, p. 107, Pl. 6, figs. 4-5.

Few juvenile valves of Cimbaurila have beendubitatively referred to Cimbaurila ulicznyi for thepresence of a strong postero-ventral tubercle and for thelarge and sub-rectangular anterior meshes. The moretriangular posterior outline recognisable in the MonteMario specimens in comparison with C. ulicznyi couldbe ascribed to the immature stage of development. Thespecies is known from the Pliocene of Cephalonia(Uliczny, 1969), Gelasian of Kos (Mostafawi, 1981),Peloponnesus (Danatsas, 1994) and Turkey (Bassiouni,1979) and Calabrian (Mostafawi, 1986b; Emilian,Sissingh, 1972; Sicilian, Ruggieri & Aruta, 1983).

Subfamily UROCYTHEREIDINAE Hartmann & Puri, 1974Genus Urocythereis Ruggieri, 1950

Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza, 1880)Pl. 8, figs. 18-19

1880 Cythere sororcula n. sp. - SEGUENZA, p. 192, Pl. 14, figs. 18,18a.

1900 Cythere sororcula Seguenza - NAMIAS, p. 92, Pl. 14, fig. 17.1900 Cythere parallelogramma Brady - NAMIAS, p. 93, Pl. 14, figs.

19-20.1905 Cythere sororcula Seguenza - CAPPELLI, p. 320, Pl. 10, fig. 34.1905 Cythere parallelogramma Brady - CAPPELLI, p. 316, Pl. 10,

fig. 25.1969 Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza) - ULICZNY, p. 67, Pl. 4, fig.

8; Pl. 16, fig. 1.1972 Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza) - SISSINGH, p. 128, Pl. 10,

fig. 9.1977 Cythere sororcula Seguenza - ATHERSUCH, p. 255.1977 Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza) - CARBONNEL & MAGNÉ, p.

351, Pl. 1, fig. 5.1991 Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza) - RUGGIERI, p. 71.1992 Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza) - CIAMPO, pp. 227, 238.2003 Urocythereis sororcula (Seguenza) - SCIUTO ET AL., p. 272,

Pl. 10, fig. 9.2006 Urocythereis favosa (Roemer, 1838) - MOSTAFAWI &

MATZKE-KARASZ, pp. 38-39, Pl. 6, fig. 8.

The species is known only in the Mediterranean areafrom the Early Pliocene of Crete (Sissingh, 1972) andsouthern Italy (Calabria, MPl 2, Ciampo, 1992) to theCalabrian (Emilian) of Rhodes (Sissingh, 1972). Neviani(1928) considered U. sororcula a younger synonym ofU. favosa but we agree with Ruggieri (1991) consideringboth of them two valid species.

Family CYTHERETTIDAE Triebel, 1952

Genus Flexus Neviani, 1928

Flexus tenuicarinatus triebeli (Ruggieri, 1962)Pl. 5, fig. 13

1900 Cythere plicata Münster - NAMIAS, p. 95, Pl. 14, fig. 24.1905 Cythere plicata Münster - CAPPELLI, p. 318, Pl. 10, fig.

29.1956 Cytheretta sp. - RUGGIERI, p. 162.1962b Eucytheretta triebeli nov. sp. - RUGGIERI, pp. 49-50, Pl.

5, figs. 8-9 (with refs.).1972 Cytheretta (Flexus) triebeli (Ruggieri) - SISSINGH, p. 131.

nec 1978 Flexus triebeli (Ruggieri) - BRESTENSKÁ & JIRICEK, Pl. 7,fig. 4.

nec 1980 Cytheretta (Flexus) triebeli (Ruggieri) - YASSINI, pp. 93,101, Pl. 10, figs. 1-5.

1980 Flexus triebeli (Ruggieri) - RUGGIERI, p. 129.nec 1985 Flexus triebeli (Ruggieri) - ZELENKA, Pl. 1, figs. 1-2.

1992 Cytheretta triebeli (Ruggieri) - CIAMPO, pp. 226, 232.1992 Flexus triebeli - RUGGIERI, pp. 179-181.1992 Flexus tenuicarinatus (Capeder, 1902) triebeli (Ruggieri,

1962) - RUGGIERI, p. 186.

The subspecies is known from the Zanclean (MPl 2,Ciampo, 1992) to the Calabrian (Santernian, Ruggieri,1980). It has been recovered at Monte Mario both byNamias (1900) and by Cappelli (1905) under the nameof Cythere plicata (Tab. 2). According to Ruggieri (1992)the morphological characters are not sufficient to arisethis subspecies at the specific level.

Family LOXOCONCHIDAE Sars, 1925Genus Loxoconcha Sars, 1866

Loxoconcha glabra (Brady, 1866)Pl. 8, fig. 23

1866 Normania glabra nov. sp. - BRADY, p. 382, Pl. 61, figs. 11a-d.1905 Loxoconcha elliptica Brady - CAPPELLI, p. 327, Pl. 10, fig. 49

(male valve).1953b Loxoconcha diademata nov. sp. - RUGGIERI, pp. 58, 111-112,

141, Pl. 4, figs. 29, 29a, 30-32; Pl. 6, figs. 53- 54.1959 Loxoconcha diademata Ruggieri - RUGGIERI, p. 197.1969 Loxoconcha diademata Ruggieri - CARBONNEL, p. 168, Pl.

13, figs. 20-21.1973 Loxoconcha glabra Brady (= diademata Ruggieri) - RUGGIERI,

p. 229.1982 Loxoconcha diademata Ruggieri - CARBONNEL & BALLESIO, p.

40, Pl. 5, figs. 8-9.1986bLoxoconcha cf. glabra - MOSTAFAWI, pp. 282-283, 297,

fig. 8, Pl. 2, figs. 18-19.

At p. 87 of the Catalogue of the Ruggieri OstracodCollection edited by Buccheri et al. (2004) the holotype


The ostracod fauna of the Plio-Pleistocene Monte Mario...

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