The Origin of HIV Neelam Rani, Vijaya Alla. What is HIV? Group: Group VI (ssRNA) Family:...
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The Origin of HIV
Neelam Rani, Vijaya Alla
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What is HIV?
Group: Group VI (ssRNA)
Family: Retroviridae
Genus: Lentivirus
Species: HIV-1, HIV-2
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Virus Structure
Enveloped Two copies of ssRNA Reverse transcriptase Bullet-shaped capsid 72 spikes Only 9 genes
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LifeCycle
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What is SIV?
Retrovirus that infects primates
Virus is transmitted sexually
It does not cause disease in natural host
May cause SAIDS in non-natural hosts
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Relationship: HIV & SIV
HIV-1 evolved from SIVcpz found in a chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodyte troglodyte
HIV-2, the less virulent form, evolved from SIVsm found in sooty mangabeys
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Theories on Origin
Hunter Theory
Contaminated Needle Theory
OPV Theory
Colonial Theory
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Earliest Cases
1959 - adult male in Congo
1969 - teenager in St.Louis
1976 - sailor in Norway
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CausesCauses
TravelTravel Blood IndustryBlood Industry Drug UseDrug Use IntercourseIntercourse BirthBirth
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HIV’s Progression to AIDS
Stage I - asympotomatic Stage II - mucocutaneous
maifestations, URI Stage III - chronic diarrhea, severe
bacterial infections, pulmonary TB Stage IV - taxoplasmosis of brain,
candidiasis of esophagus,trachea, lungs and kaposi’s sarcoma
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Geography
Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean are the hardest hit
WHO estimates 36-44 million are infected with HIV as of Dec 2004
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MedicationsMedications
No cureNo cure No vaccineNo vaccine HAART “cocktail” - contains HAART “cocktail” - contains
protease inhibitors and two protease inhibitors and two reverse transcriptase inhibitorsreverse transcriptase inhibitors
Antisense therapy – fragment of Antisense therapy – fragment of DNA that binds to viral mRNA to DNA that binds to viral mRNA to prevent translationprevent translation
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References
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Simian_immunodeficiency_virus
http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/AIDS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1999/
499_aids.html http://www.avert.org/origins.htm