The Organization of Congress
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Transcript of The Organization of Congress
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The Organization of Congress
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Congressional Terms and Sessions
• Term = Two Years• Term = Two Sessions• Numbered by Term
– 1st Congress– 111th Congress
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Membership in the House
• 435 Members
• Qualifications– 25 years old– Citizen of U.S. for 7 years– Legal resident of state where elected
• Term of Office– 2 years– Elections in even numbered years
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Membership in the House
• Representation– Based on population of state– Census every 10 years
• Reapportionment– 435 seats
• Redistricting– State legislatures– One man one vote
• Baker v. Carr(1962)
– Gerrymandering
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Virginia’s Third and Seventh Districts
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Virginia’s Congressional Districts
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Membership of the Senate
• Two From Each State• Qualifications
– 30 years old– Citizen of U.S. for 9 years– Legal resident of state where elected
• Term of Office– 6 years– Elections in even numbered years– 1/3 up for reelection every two years
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Members of Congress
• Salary– 27th Amendment
• Privileges and Benefits– Franking– Staff– Medical and Retirement– Protection from arrest or lawsuit while on the floor of
Congress• Punishment
– Exclusion– Censure– Expulsion
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Members of Congress
• Characteristics
• Reelection– Constant in the House– Incumbent Advantage
• Money – PACs• Name Recognition• Experience• Franking• Being a Congressman
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The House of Representatives
• Leadership– Importance of Party Affiliation
• Leadership and Committees
– Speaker of the House• Constitution
– Floor Leaders• Majority and Minority
– Whips• Majority and Minority
• The Rules Committee• Quorum
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Speaker of the HouseJohn Boehner
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Majority and Minority Leaders
Eric Cantor Nancy Pelosi
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Majority and Minority Whips
Kevin McCarthy Steny Hoyer
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The Senate
• Informal Atmosphere– No Rules Committee
• Leadership– The Vice President
• Break Ties– Importance of Party Affiliation
• Leadership and Committees– President Pro Tempore– Majority and Minority Leaders– Majority and Minority Whips
• The Filibuster• Quorum
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The Vice PresidentJoe Biden
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President Pro TemporeDaniel Inouye
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Majority and Minority Leaders
Harry Reid
Mitch McConnell
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Majority and Minority Whips
Dick Durbin Jon Kyl
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Congressional Committees
• Purposes of Committees– Allows members to divide their work and
become specialists– Sort through numerous bills– Educate the public through hearings and
investigations
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Congressional Committees
• Purposes of Committees– Allows members to divide their work and
become specialists– Sort through numerous bills– Educate the public through hearings and
investigations
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Kinds of Committees
• Standing– Ways and Means– Appropriations– Rules
• Subcommittees• Select
– Select Intelligence
• Joint• Conference
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Choosing Committee Members
• Party• Seniority
– Changes
• Role of the Chair– Make key decisions about the work of the committee– Decide when hearings will be held and which
witnesses will be called– Hire staff and control the budget– Manage floor debates on bills coming from their
committee