In 1834, a group of missionaries traveled west to the Oregon territory. In the years that followed, many other settlers followed.

The Oregon Trail began in St. Louis, Missouri and crossed over two thousand miles of plains and mountains, finally ending in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. The journey took four to six months and the travelers faced many hardships for the promise of a better life.

Willamette Valley

The Covered Wagon

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The most popular starting point for the trip was St. Louis. Here families were faced with many decisions. What should we take, what do we need to leave behind? Anything they took had to fit in the wagon.

Fort Kearny was built to protect the emigrants on the Oregon trail. It also provided a place for travelers to buy supplies and send mail to friends and family back east.

Click to See Ft. Kearny

The land was flat and seemed to stretch forever, until they came to Chimney Rock.

From Fort Laramie, the settlers journeyed on past Independence Rock. The south pass is a gap in the Rocky Mountains that stretches for miles. This provided an easier route for the wagon trains to travel.

Click to see Independence Rock

The Oregon Trail extended through what is now Idaho. It was also in this area that the trail split and the California trail began. The California trail was started after Gold was discovered in California in 1848. Many people were lured to California by dreams of striking it rich.

Legend

California Trail

Oregon Trail

Those who continued on the Oregon Trail, came to Fort Hall. This fort was originally built as a trading post for the fur traders. Now it was a stopping off point for the pioneers. After leaving Fort Hall, they traveled on through what is now Idaho and were faced with an important decision. Should they cross the Snake River or take the overland route. Some chose to cross at Three Island Crossing. This was a direct route to Fort Boise and saved some time, but the crossing was difficult and dangerous.

Replica of Fort Hall

Even though the journey was almost over, Barlow Road a treacherous stretch still lay ahead. This toll road was built as an alternative to navigating the Columbia River.

Sarah Cummins (A traveler on the trail): "The traveling was slow and toilsome; slopes were almost impassible for man and beast. As night was coming on, it seemed we all must perish, but weak, faint and starving we went on. I could scarcely put one foot before the another. I weighed less than eighty pounds at the time. My own party had been 14 days with only nine biscuits and four small slices of bacon. "

 

After the Barlow Road, Oregon City was the next and final destination on the Oregon Trail.

Here the settlers could visit the only land office west of the Rocky Mountains to file their claim. The land was rich and fertile, a welcoming place to settle.

There were many other trails and routes that settlers took to reach the west. The Oregon Trail was one of the most used routes.

In the 1860’s, people stopped using the trail, can you guess why?

AnswerNext

The transcontinental railway was completed.

Return to question

Clip Art

http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/wagons.html diagram

http://www.pbs.org/opb/oregontrail/teacher/trailmap.html

http://www3.memlane.com/gromboug/P14MvCon.htm western clip art

http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Stlouis.html St. Louis

http://dir.nvtech.com/History/United_States/Old_West/Characters/Prospectors/

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Photographs

http://www.ruralheritage.com/drew/oregon.jpg wagon and oxen

http://www.rpi.edu/~mccafr/oregon2.jpg williamette valley

http://www.nebraskahistory.org/sites/rock/ chimney rock

http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/qtvrkearny.html

http://www.poky.net/forthall/index.shtml Fort Hall Replica

http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Oregoncity.html

Clip Art

http://www.emigrantroad.com/images/trail2.jpg nebraska map

http://www.nctc.net/counties/nebrmaps/oregon_trail_markers.jpg nebraska trail

http://calcite.rocky.edu/octa/trailmap.htm trail map

http://www.idahoparks.org/parks/threeisland.html

http://www.emigrantroad.com/images/trail2.jpg

Animated wagon

http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/maplibrary/wyoming.html

http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/00.map.or.html Oregon Map

Texthttp://www.10960.com/webquest/gowest.htm web quest http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/faq.html FAQhttp://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/biomenu.html#PioFam

Biographieshttp://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Allabout.htmlhttp://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/OREGON/oregon.htmlhttp://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Oregontrail.html Sound Files

American Dreamer:Songs of Stephen Foster, Thomas Hampton

The Magnificent Seven, Elmer Bernstein