The Nineteenth Century Piano and its Literature
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Transcript of The Nineteenth Century Piano and its Literature
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The Nineteenth Century Piano and its Literature
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The Development of the Piano
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The Piano in 1800
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The Piano in 1820
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The Piano in 1850
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The Piano in 1875
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The “Concert” Grand Piano 2006
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The Piano
Popular in the home for “amateurs” Instrument for virtuosos and musicians
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Piano Literature
Short, lyric pieces Nocturnes Preludes Impromptus More descriptive titles
Wild Hunt The Little Bell Programmatic titles (suggesting an image)
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Frederick Chopin (1810-1849)
Mother: Polish Father: French
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Aurore Dudevant
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“George Sand”
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Chopin and Piano Music“poet of the piano”
Entire compositional output dedicated to the piano
Literature includes: Études (virtuosic and technical study pieces) Meditative nocturnes (night pieces), preludes, and
“nationalistic” dances, i.e., mazurkas, polonaises, waltzes
Sonatas Piano Concertos
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Modern Piano Style
One of the most original artists of 19th century His musical life centered around the piano “Everything must be made to sing”
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Repertoire
Nocturnes (night pieces) Adopted from John Field
Preludes Études (study pieces) Waltzes Mazurkas, Polonaises Ballades, Scherzos Sonatas Concertos
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Polonaise in A MajorOp. 40, No. 1 (Military)
1838 Ternary form “Allegro con brio” tempo Listen for:
3-part dance form Use of traditional polonaise rhythm Brilliant pianistic writing More lyrical trio (B), played with rubato (robbed)
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Chopin: Mazurka in B-Flat Minor, Op. 24, No. 4 Chromatic lines, wide-ranging, disjunct Moderate triple meter, dotted rhythms Shifts between major and minor Homophonic ABACDA; long coda Much RUBATO (rubare – to rob), many
accents (p. 223)
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Prelude in E MinorOp. 28, No. 4
1839 From set of 24 Tempo: Largo Listen for:
Simple, conjunct melody Chromatic harmony Rubato “Single” part form (through-composed) Ends pianissimo
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Franz Liszt(1811-1886)
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Liszt’s Music
Symphonic poems – A ONE-MOVEMENT work with a literary or pictorial program
Thematic transformation Piano pieces – Creator of modern piano
technique
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The Little Bell(from Transcendental Etudes)
1839-39; revised 1851 Influence of Paganini Sectional, with variations
A-B-A’-B’-A”-B”-A’” Allegretto, in 6/8 meter Full range of piano Very difficult “virtuosic” work
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Program Music“The painter turns a poem into a painting; the musician sets a picture to
music”Robert Schumann
Program music – Instrumental music with literary or pictorial association supplied by the composer
Absolute music – Music for music’s sake Four types:
Concert overture Incidental music to a play Program symphony (multi-movement work) Symphonic poem (one-movement work)