The New SouthGeorgia from 1877 to 1918

(SS8H7)

Bourbon Triumvirate

ONamed after French line of kingsOMade up of Democrats Joseph E.

Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon

Bourbon TriumvirateWhat did they want?OStronger economic ties to the industrial north

OTo keep the old Southern traditions

OWhite supremacy

Who was Henry Grady?

O“Voice of the New South”

OManaging editor of the Atlanta Constitution

What did he do?OSpoke to Northerners about

a New South, encouraging them to invest in industries in the South

OPraised new agricultural practices and improved race relations

Tom Watson and the Populists

OWealthy but concerned about Georgia’s poor and farmers

OAt first supported rights for African-American farmers but later was against all minority rights

Tom Watson and the Populists

OIntroduced the Rural Free Delivery bill (RFD)

ORequired the post office to deliver to rural addresses

free of charge

Rebecca Latimer FeltonOWife of William

FeltonOAgainst the

Bourbon Triumvirate

OWrote for the Atlanta Journal

O1st woman in the Senate—only for 1 day

Rebecca Latimer FeltonSupported OHelping the poor

and lower middle class

OWomen’s suffrageOPrison reformOTemperance

International Cotton Exposition

O3 months long in AtlantaOPlanned by Henry GradyOShowcased the economic recovery

in the South and the region’s natural resources to lure northern investors

O John Philip Sousa wrote “King Cotton” for the event

County Unit SystemO Democrats were the only party in

Georgia after ReconstructionO Whoever won the primary would

automatically win the general electionO The county unit system gave more

populated counties more votes (38 largest counties

had 2/3)O Opponents said a candidate could win without a majority of the popular vote

1906 Race RiotONewspapers carried false reports

of assaults on whites by blacksOA crowd of over 5,000 whites and

blacks met on Decatur St.ORiot lasted 2 days until martial law

was declaredO18 blacks and 3 whites were killed;

hundreds were injured

Leo FrankOJewish Northerner

who managed the National Pencil Factory in Atlanta

OAccused of murdering Mary Phagan, a 14-year old employee

Leo FrankOFrank was sentenced to

death but his sentence was changed by Gov. Slaton to life in prison

OA mob took Frank from the penitentiary and hung him on a tree outside Mary Phagan’s house

OKKK formed a group called the Knights of Mary Phagan

Jim Crow Laws

Laws passed to establish “separate but equal” facilities

Plessy v. FergusonO Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 white and 1/8

black, sat in the “whites only” car on a train tip in Lousiana

O He was arrested under the Jim Crow Act of 1890

O His case went to the US Supreme Court who upheld the lawO This promoted segregation, making institutions like school “separate but equal”

DisenfranchisementO It is the policy of preventing certain

groups from votingO Ways to keep Blacks from voting:

O Grandfather clause—if your grandfather could vote in 1867, you could, too

O Gerrymandering—setting up districts to help certain groups

O Voters had to own propertyO Poll taxO Literacy tests

Booker T. WashingtonOPresident of Tuskegee

Institute in AlabamaOBelieved economic

independence would lead to social and political equality for blacks

O“Atlanta Compromise”—made a speech at the International Cotton Expo.

W.E.B. DuBoisOAtlanta University

ProfessorOBelieved in social

and political integration

OBelieved in higher education for 10% of African-Americans (“Talented Tenth”)

W.E.B. DuBoisOSupported truth, knowledge,

and action for blacks and whites to understand each other

OOpposed the ideas of Booker T. Washington

Alonzo HerndonOBorn a slaveOWorked for his former

master after the Civil War

OLearned to be a barberOOpened his own barber

shop--first in Jonesboro then in Atlanta

OOpened a chain of barber shops in Atlanta

Alonzo HerndonOBought property on

Auburn AvenueOStarted the Atlanta

Mutual Insurance Co.O It became the Atlanta

Life Insurance Co.—one of the largest African-American owned businesses in U.S. and worth over $200 million

John HopeO 1st Black

president of Atlanta Baptist College (later became Morehouse)

O President of Atlanta University

O Under his leadership Atlanta University Center was formed

Lugenia Burns HopeO Wife of JohnO Civic leaderO Pressured city leaders to improve roads,

lighting, and sanitation in African-American neighborhoods

O Organized the Neighborhood League, which providedO Vocational classes and clubs for childrenO Health centersO Financial aid for the needy

Europe 1910

Central Powers vs. Allied Powers

What caused the U.S. to get involved in World War I?

O U.S. tried to stay out of the warO 2 Events Pulled Them in

O A German submarine sunk the British ocean liner the Lusitania--128 Americans were on board; Germans agreed to stop sub warfare (for a while)

O The British intercepted the Zimmerman telegraph—secret message from Germany to Mexico promising them the southwestern U.S. if they attacked the U.S.

President Woodrow Wilson declared war

How did Georgia contribute to the war efforts?

O85,000 to 100,000 Georgians joined the armed forces

OTraining posts in GeorgiaOCamp BenningOFt. McPhersonOCamp Gordon

How did Georgia Contribute?

OTextile mills made uniforms

ORailroads carried arms, ammo., and soldiers

OFarmers grew crops, tobacco, and livestock for the troops

How did Georgia Contribute?

OPeople grew “Victory Gardens” to feed themselves, so more farm veggies could be sent to the soldiers

OWomen volunteered with the Red Cross, welcomed soldiers, knitted socks, and sold war bonds

How did Georgia Contribute?

O3, 000 Georgians died during WWI

O11/11/1919—Armistice Day (Veteran’s Day)

OU.S. helped end the war because they sent large amounts of supplies and people to the Allies in Europe