The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan...
-
Upload
bernard-foster -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan...
![Page 1: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The New Democrats
Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce,
Buchanan1829-1861
![Page 2: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Andrew Jackson1829-1837
![Page 3: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jackson
• Hero to common man
• Return to Jefferson
• Cheap land
• By 1833 all eastern Indians west of MS R.– Except Cherokees
• Opposed internal improvements– Eliminated debt
![Page 4: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Tariff Controversy
• Modest reduction
• SC threatens nullification
• Jackson threatens force & gets tariff lowered – SC backs down
• Precedent – force against states defying federal authority
![Page 5: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bank War
• Privilege attacked
• Bank symbol for unfairness (monster)
• “pet banks”– Flood of paper money– Speculative boom
• 1832 reelected w/54% of vote– Beat Clay
![Page 6: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Jackson
• Aggressive – pushed congress
• Peoples champion
• The Veto
• “spoils system”
• Chief Justice Taney replaced Marshall
![Page 7: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Legacy
• Extends freedom & opportunity
• Common man now included
•
• Democratic Party
![Page 8: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Democrat Contradiction
• Party of states rights, slaveholders, & individual freedom
![Page 9: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Martin Van Buren1837-1841
![Page 10: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1836 Election
• VB defeats 3 Whigs– Adams-Clay Nat. Rep. Party– Anti-Jackson abuses
• Public convinced nation going in right direction
![Page 11: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Problems
• Texas issue• Trail of Tears (4000 die)• Panic of 1837
– Easy money = get rich quick speculative boom
– Deep depression– Cotton fell 50%, banks suspend specie
payments– Unemployed protest
![Page 12: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Independent Treasury est.– Gov’t $ buried in subtreasuries
• Public lost trust in Jackson’s banking system
• Huge opportunity for opposition party
![Page 13: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Whig Party Take Over
• 1840 Harrison easily defeats Van Buren– Colorful campaign– Democratic defeat will not end Jackson
paradigm– Dies in 30 days
• John Tyler former Democrat– Betrayed Whig economic program– Stole victory from Whigs
![Page 14: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Democrats Back
• 1844 Polk defeats Clay in close election
• Program– Expansion - TX, CA, OR– Reduce tariff– Ind. Treas.
• 1 term promise
![Page 15: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
James K. Polk1845-1849
![Page 16: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Achievements
• OR Terr.
• Mexican War– Easy victory– CA & southwest– Gen. Zachary Taylor a hero
• Reduced tariff
• Ind. Treas.
• Why were Dems. not rewarded
![Page 17: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Wilmot Proviso
• New terr. threatens sectional balance
• Northern Dems betrayed by pro-South tilt of party
• 1846 Sen. Wilmot antislavery
• Bill would ban slavery from new terr.
• Not just about slavery– economics & politics
![Page 18: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Northern View
• South blocking nations industrial development– Protective tariff– RR subsidies
• More slave states make it worse
![Page 19: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Southern View
• North attracting immigrant wage earners
• Urban centers
• Controlling credit & investment $
• Fear becoming second class colony to tyrannical North
• Must expand slavery west
![Page 20: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
12 Year Struggle
• Sectional conflict
• Slavery the topic
• Economics & political power
![Page 21: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Election 1848
• Free Soil Party “Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men” – Took 10% of vote– “conscience” Democrats
• Taylor defeats Cass
• Whigs gain WH
• Taylor dies
• Fillmore pres.
![Page 22: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Millard Fillmore1850-1853
![Page 23: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Compromise of 1850
• Fate of slavery in new territories
• Great senate debates
• Henry Clay & Stephen Douglas
• Terms– North got CA & DC slave trade abolished– South pop. sov. in NM & UT. & fugitive slave
law– Did not repeal MO Compromise
![Page 24: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Uncertain Future
• RR growth & CA gold = best economy since Panic 1837
• Abolitionism growing in NE
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe– 1850’s 300,000 copies
![Page 25: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Franklin Pierce1853-1857
![Page 26: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Democrats Return to WH
• 1852 slavery issue settled
• Pierce schemes to add Cuba
• Far West RR– Jefferson Davis South route (easier)– Stephen Douglas North route
• 1854 KS-NE Act– Pop. Sov.– Repealed MO Compromise
![Page 27: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Tension Builds
• Civil war in Kansas
• Both sides send supporters
![Page 28: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Republicans
• antislavery
• Ex-Free Soilers & “conscience” Dems
• All North & no compromise w/ South
• Business policies – High tariffs & internal improvements– Federalist/Whig
![Page 29: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Election 1856
• “bleeding Kansas”
• Dems pick Buchanan
• Whigs break up
• Republicans pick Fremont
• “Know Nothing” Party pick Fillmore
![Page 30: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Results
• Know-Nothings – 22%
• Buchanan Dems – 45%
• Republican 11 of 16 free states
• South knows abolitionists going to be a problem
![Page 31: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
James Buchanan1857-1861
![Page 32: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Disaster to Disaster
• Dred Scott Case– Taney Court– Slavery legal in every terr.– North outraged
![Page 33: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Kansas
• Proposed slave state– Rigged– North outraged
• Douglas leads attack– MN & OR added free– KS denied
![Page 34: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Buchanan
• Dominated by South
• Interests of N & W ignored
• Trying to pacify South– Cuba?– Mexico?
![Page 35: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
John Brown
• Raid on Harpers Ferry, VA
•
• Celebrated in North – martyr
• South stunned by North response
![Page 36: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Panic of 1857
• Deep depression
• Cotton prices soared this time
• South emboldened by economic power
![Page 37: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1850’s Excess of Democracy
• Changes in society, economy, frontier produced excess of individualism
• General rejection of traditional political authority & solutions
• Any attempt to curb individual behavior was undemocratic
• “Mob rule” – Federalist greatest fear
![Page 38: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Election 1860
• Abe Lincoln (R)– Obscure– Against spread of slavery– Pro expanding industry
• Stephen Douglas (D-North)– Powerful senator
• John Breckinridge (D-South)– Southern Dems split from North
![Page 39: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Republicans
• Exploited key contradiction in Dem– Individual freedom & slavery
• Jefferson freedom w/ Hamilton’s economics
• Promised free homesteads
• Big party for all - except slavery
• No room for credible opposition
![Page 40: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Republican Victory
• Lincoln 40%
• North finally in charge
• No sympathy for South
• South facing permanent minority status
• SC & 10 others bolt from Union
• Jackson paradigm split in two rival armies
• Civil War
![Page 41: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Was It Just About Slavery?
• Fight over the future
• Wealth & power shifting North
• Railroads replacing cotton as key to economy
• 18 free vs. 15 slave states
• Way of life (soil vs. industry & transportation)
• Slavery tool crush the South
![Page 42: The New Democrats Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison/Tyler, Polk, Taylor/Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan 1829-1861.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e245503460f94b130c6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Summary
• 32 years• Return to Jefferson• Expand democracy• Fought privilege & helped common man• Extended frontier for ordinary people• Removed Indians• End national bank, lowered tariffs, cut fed
spending• Dems dominate all three branches of govt