The New DealThe New Deal FDR supported “bold, persistent FDR supported “bold, persistent

experimentation”experimentation” Addressed 3 R’s (Addressed 3 R’s (Reform, Recovery, ReliefReform, Recovery, Relief)) First New Deal consisted of 15 measuresFirst New Deal consisted of 15 measures FDR used “FDR used “fireside chatsfireside chats” to communicate his ” to communicate his

programs to the American peopleprograms to the American people Dealt w/ banking crisis immediatelyDealt w/ banking crisis immediately

Declared a national Declared a national bank holidaybank holiday Passed the Passed the Emergency Banking Relief ActEmergency Banking Relief Act Restored confidence in banksRestored confidence in banks Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation

(FDIC)(FDIC) Insured bank deposits up to $5,000Insured bank deposits up to $5,000

Helped home owners & American farmers w/Helped home owners & American farmers w/ Home Owners Loan CorporationHome Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)(HOLC) Farm Credit AdministrationFarm Credit Administration (FCA) (FCA)

Provided relief to the American peopleProvided relief to the American people Federal Emergency Relief ActFederal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) (FERA)

Federal govt. provided $ for local and Federal govt. provided $ for local and state welfare agencies to distribute to state welfare agencies to distribute to the increasing numbers of unemployedthe increasing numbers of unemployed

Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC)(CCC)Provided jobs for young peopleProvided jobs for young peopleHelped develop parks & forestsHelped develop parks & forests

******Hoped to stimulate economyHoped to stimulate economy******

National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) (NIRA) Would stabilize production, raise wages, limit Would stabilize production, raise wages, limit

working hours, provide new jobs, & establish working hours, provide new jobs, & establish decent working conditionsdecent working conditions

Antitrust laws were suspendedAntitrust laws were suspended Workers allowed to organize & bargain Workers allowed to organize & bargain

collectivelycollectivelyTwo agencies were created to oversee the act:Two agencies were created to oversee the act: National Recovery AdministrationNational Recovery Administration (NRA) (NRA)

Encouraged businesses to adopt codes for Encouraged businesses to adopt codes for fair fair competitioncompetition

Public Works AdministrationPublic Works Administration (PWA) (PWA) Provided jobs for unemployed workersProvided jobs for unemployed workers Built public works (bridges, schools, etc.) Built public works (bridges, schools, etc.)

Agricultural Adjustment ActAgricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) (AAA) Paid farmers to grow lessPaid farmers to grow less Paid farmers to destroy crops/livestockPaid farmers to destroy crops/livestock Money came from taxes on food processorsMoney came from taxes on food processors

Tennessee Valley AuthorityTennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (TVA) One of the largest New Deal measuresOne of the largest New Deal measures Workers built dams along TN RiverWorkers built dams along TN River Control flooding & created recreation areasControl flooding & created recreation areas Provided electricity to homes & farmsProvided electricity to homes & farms Combat malaria, illiteracy, soil erosionCombat malaria, illiteracy, soil erosion

***Goal was to improve standard of living******Goal was to improve standard of living***

Supreme Court Opposition to the New DealSupreme Court Opposition to the New Deal People lost enthusiasm in the NRAPeople lost enthusiasm in the NRA 1935, Supreme Court ruled the NIRA & 1935, Supreme Court ruled the NIRA &

NRA unconstitutionalNRA unconstitutional 1936, Supreme Court ruled the AAA 1936, Supreme Court ruled the AAA

unconstitutionalunconstitutional Said taxes on food processors were illegalSaid taxes on food processors were illegal

Many Americans didn’t like the TVA, but Many Americans didn’t like the TVA, but the Supreme Court refused to strike it the Supreme Court refused to strike it downdown

Both reflected Both reflected oppositionopposition of Supreme of Supreme Court to New Deal legislationCourt to New Deal legislation

New Deal EqualityNew Deal Equality Few New Deal programs were Few New Deal programs were

discriminatorydiscriminatory African Americans hired but were African Americans hired but were

segregatedsegregated African Americans hired to serve in the African Americans hired to serve in the

federal govt.federal govt. Result of Result of Eleanor Roosevelt---Eleanor Roosevelt---a champion of a champion of

civil rightscivil rights Native Americans also sufferedNative Americans also suffered

Disease, malnutrition, inadequate housing, etcDisease, malnutrition, inadequate housing, etc Dawes ActDawes Act had been unsuccessfulhad been unsuccessful John CollierJohn Collier championed Indian reforms championed Indian reforms

Resulted in Resulted in Indian Reorganization ActIndian Reorganization Act, 1934, 1934 Aimed to promoting & preserving Indian cultureAimed to promoting & preserving Indian culture

New Deal CriticsNew Deal Critics Three individuals emerged to propose Three individuals emerged to propose

alternatives to FDR’s New Deal programsalternatives to FDR’s New Deal programs1.1. Father Charles CoughlinFather Charles Coughlin – radio priest urged – radio priest urged

the govt. to nationalize all banks & return to the govt. to nationalize all banks & return to the silver standardthe silver standard

2.2. Huey “Kingfish” LongHuey “Kingfish” Long – proposed a relief – proposed a relief program called program called Share-Our-WealthShare-Our-Wealth

Would take money from the rich & give to the poor Would take money from the rich & give to the poor so all could have a set income & a homeso all could have a set income & a home

3.3. Dr. Francis TownsendDr. Francis Townsend – wanted a govt. – wanted a govt. pension of $200/month paid to every American pension of $200/month paid to every American 60 years old or more w/ condition it had to be 60 years old or more w/ condition it had to be spent in 30 daysspent in 30 days

Would pump money into the economyWould pump money into the economy Would open new jobs for younger AmericansWould open new jobs for younger Americans

The Second New DealThe Second New Deal FDR responded to criticism of his FDR responded to criticism of his

administration w/ the Second New Dealadministration w/ the Second New Deal Programs were more long term in scopePrograms were more long term in scope

Works Progress AdministrationWorks Progress Administration (WPA) (WPA) Provide jobs & to get money into circulationProvide jobs & to get money into circulation Variety of construction projects: hospitals, Variety of construction projects: hospitals,

schools, parks, playgrounds, & airportsschools, parks, playgrounds, & airports Social Security ActSocial Security Act, 1935, 1935

Provided unemployment insuranceProvided unemployment insurance Provided pensions to retired workers 65+Provided pensions to retired workers 65+ Provided payments to workers w/ Provided payments to workers w/

disabilities, the elderly, widows & their disabilities, the elderly, widows & their childrenchildren

Election of 1936Election of 1936 FDR re-elected in 1936FDR re-elected in 1936 Reform the Supreme CourtReform the Supreme Court

Some programs were declared Some programs were declared unconstitutionalunconstitutional Wanted to appoint one new justice for every justice Wanted to appoint one new justice for every justice

over age 70over age 70 Proposed “Proposed “court packingcourt packing” looked like move toward ” looked like move toward

dictatorship to manydictatorship to many 1938, many people began blocking many of his 1938, many people began blocking many of his

reformsreforms Believed he was gaining too much powerBelieved he was gaining too much power

Turning their attention toward events in Asia & Turning their attention toward events in Asia & EuropeEurope

Significance of FDR’s New DealSignificance of FDR’s New Deal Increased the size & scope of the federal govt.Increased the size & scope of the federal govt. Gave the govt. a much larger role in the economyGave the govt. a much larger role in the economy People came to expect the govt. to help out when People came to expect the govt. to help out when

they became victims of economic conditionsthey became victims of economic conditions

New Deal ProgramsNew Deal Programs

1.1. Name and Explain the function of the Name and Explain the function of the following Programs of the New Deal: CCC, following Programs of the New Deal: CCC, TVA, AAA, FERA, NRA, FDIC, PWA, CWA, SEC, TVA, AAA, FERA, NRA, FDIC, PWA, CWA, SEC, Emergency Banking Relief Act, NIRA, HOLC, Emergency Banking Relief Act, NIRA, HOLC, FCAFCA

2.2. Explain specific actions taken by many to Explain specific actions taken by many to combat New Deal programs.combat New Deal programs.

3.3. Name and Explain the function of the Name and Explain the function of the following Programs of the Second New Deal: following Programs of the Second New Deal: WPA, NLRB, Banking Act, Resettlement Act, WPA, NLRB, Banking Act, Resettlement Act, Social Security Act, REA, CIO, National Social Security Act, REA, CIO, National Housing Act, Farm Security Administration, Housing Act, Farm Security Administration, Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act