The New Deal. Election of 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt – Democrat –Governor of New York Herbert...
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Transcript of The New Deal. Election of 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt – Democrat –Governor of New York Herbert...
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The New Deal
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Election of 1932
• Franklin D. Roosevelt – Democrat– Governor of New York
• Herbert Hoover – Republican– “Why not vote for
Roosevelt and make it unanimous?”
• Roosevelt wins in a landslide; Democrats also capture Senate and House of Representatives
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The New Deal
• Roosevelt’s plan for dealing with the Great Depression
• 3 general goals– Relief for the needy– Recovery of the
economy– Reform of finances
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The Hundred Days
• Roosevelt immediately takes action upon entering White House
• Congress passes more than 15 major pieces of legislation
• Expand government’s role in economy
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Banks and Finance
• March 5, 1933– Roosevelt closes all
banks– Congress passes
Emergency Banking Relief Act
– Treasury Dep’t evaluates all banks
– Those that were healthy could reopen
– Those that weren’t could receive loans
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Fireside Chats
• Roosevelt addresses nation over the radio
• Instills confidence• Explains what the
government is doing and why
• Encourages Americans to begin to use banks
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Programs
• FDIC – Provided government insurance of bank
accounts of $5,000 or less
• Federal Securities Act– Companies responsible for complete
information with stock offerings
• SEC– Regulates stock market
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AAA (#8)
• Agricultural Adjustment Act– Raise prices by
lowering supply – Paid farmers not to
plant food and to destroy livestock
– Many protest destruction of food while many were hungry
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Jobs
• CCC (#11)• Civilian Conservation
Corps– Hired men to do
construction projects across the country
– Buildings, parks, highways
– Plant trees in the Dust Bowl area
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• FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Act) #3– Direct relief for needy– States given money to
provide food, clothing and shelter
• PWA (Public Works Administration) #1– Provided money to states
to create jobs building schools and other buildings
• CWA (Civil Works Administration) #12– Provided 4 million jobs
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• NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) #9– Established fair practice for
industries
• NRA (National Recovery Administration) #7– Set prices to encourage
fair competition– Established work
standards such as working hours and banning child labor
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• TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) #4– Focused on poverty
stricken region– Provided jobs renovating
and constructing dams
• HOLC (Home Owners Loan Corporation) #6– Provided government loans
to those facing foreclosure
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Election of 1936Roosevelt beats Alfred Landon 523 electoral votes to 8
Democrats strengthen control of Congress
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Second Hundred Days
• Democrats feel given a mandate by voters to continue reforms
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WPA (Works Progress Admin) #10
– Create jobs as quickly as possible
– Built airports– Road construction– Libraries, schools, and
hospitals– Made clothes for the needy– Employed professionals to
write guides to cities, collect slave narratives, paint murals and other projects
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• NYA (National Youth Administration) #2– Provides part-time jobs for high school and
college students
• National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
#5– Federal gov’t supported right of workers to
join unions and collectively bargain– Listed unfair practices that companies could
not use
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• National Labor Relations Board #– Hear testimony of unfair practices
• Fair Labor Standards Act– Set maximum hours and minimum wages– Set maximum hour workweek
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Social Security #13• Created by Secretary
of Labor Frances Perkins (first female cabinet member)– Old age insurance for
retirees of 65 or older– Unemployment
compensation– Aid to families with
dependent children and the disabled
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Critics
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Supreme Court
• Declared NIRA and AAA unconstitutional
• Roosevelt tries to pass court reform bill to allow for 6 more Supreme Court judges– Court packing bill– Rejected
• Courts decisions start to shift in favor of New Deal
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American Liberty League
• Wealthy business leaders
• New Deal violated respect for rights of individuals and property
• Roosevelt trying to establish dictatorship
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Father Charles Coughlin• Roman Catholic priest
from Detroit• Favored guaranteed
annual income and nationalization of banks
• Broadcast weekly radio program
• Lost support because of Anti-Semitic statements
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Dr. Francis Townsend
• Roosevelt not doing enough to support poor and elderly
• Stronger guaranteed pension plan
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Huey Long
• Senator from Louisiana
• New Deal not doing enough
• Share Our Wealth program– “Every Man a King”
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Impacts of New Deal
• Some argue went too far; others say not far enough
• Expanded power of federal government
• Government went into debt to provide programs
• Government protects workers
• Restored confidence in banks
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