The New Deal

1933-1939

FDR’s Fireside Chats

1st 100 Days

Short term aids Not loans as

under Hoover

Bank Holiday Banks closed, designed to stop massive

withdrawals Emergency Banking Act- gov’t examined all

banks and allowed financially sound ones to reopen

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured bank deposits up to $5,000

Direct Relief Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Federal, state, and local “make-work” projects (raking leaves, picking up trash, etc.)

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Men 18-25 planted trees, cleared underbrush, created

park trails, developed campgrounds and beaches

Public Works Agricultural

Adjustment Administration (AAA) Paid farmers to reduce

their output of corn, cotton, dairy products, hogs, rice, tobacco, wheat, and other commodities

Supreme Court later overturned

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Built dams, power

stations, combated malaria, illiteracy, soil erosion, etc.

Regulation Securities and Exchanges Commission (SEC)

Regulates companies that sell stocks and bonds National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

To stabilize industrial and business activity and reduce unemployment

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Contracted with private firms to build roads, public buildings, and other public works projects

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Encouraged businesses to work together to set hours, prices, production levels, and wages

Enthusiastic at the beginning, but faded Supreme Court later declared NIRA unconstitutional

Discrimination

Segregation in programs Lower wages

Roosevelt named many African Americans to government posts- many came at the request of Eleanor Roosevelt

American Indians- inadequate housing, malnutrition American Indian Defense Association- fought to

protect religious freedom and tribal property Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

Critics

Liberal and conservative both Dr. Francis E. Townsend (California)

Pension of $200 month to every American over 60, but they had to spend it within 30 days

Father Charles E. Coughlin (Michigan) Nationalize all banks and

return to silver standards Senator Huey Long

(Louisiana) Share-our-Wealth- government

would seize wealth from rich through taxes and then provide a guaranteed minimum income and home to every family

Many people agreed with his views