THE NERVI
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Transcript of THE NERVI
{THE NERVI
Marie Warchol
Caesar agrees to protect the Aeduans However, as a compromise, he demanded 600 hostages Caesar and his forces got the Ambiani to surrender
and took all their possessions The Nervii bordered the Ambiani territory Caesar was informed that the Nervii: weren’t
accessible by merchants, they had no wine or imported luxuries (thought these things would impair courage)
Nervii were savage+brave, and condemned the Belgae who had surrendered to Rome
Nervii declared that they would not accept terms of peace
Chapter 15
Caesar marched 3 days in the Nervii territory, and discovered the river Sambre was about 10 miles away from camp
All the Nervii were stationed on the other side
The Nervii, with their neighbors (Atrebates + Veromandui) awaited the Romans
The Aduatuci also were awaiting the Romans, having put their women and those useless for war in a safe location
Chapter 16
Caesar sent scouts to choose a camp ground
Some of these scouts, however, went to the Nervii by night and informed them about the Romans, and gave them a plan to seize the Romans baggage trains
The Nervii constructed a wall around themselves as a final warning
Chapter 17
The camp was on a hill, extending from the Sambre river
The enemy hid in the woods around the hill
The river was about 3 feet deep
Chapter 18
Caesar followed the enemy, but the plan of the march was different than reported
While the Romans were fortifying camp, the enemies, hidden in the woods, lined up for battle, and attacked the Roman forces
The Romans were surrounded by Nervii forces, which continued to proceed towards the Roman camp
Chapter 19
Caesar had to take control (give signs, order trumpets, summon soldiers…)
Because of such short notice, many of these actions weren’t taken
However, Caesar had two advantages: First, his soldiers were well trained and knew what to do, secondly, Caesar had kept his lieutenants on site at all times
AKA his soldiers didn’t necessarily need instructions
Chapter 20
Caesar continued to encourage his men as they fought the enemy
He finally gave the signal to commence battle
Lack of time caused the battle to be chaotic
Chapter 21
The 9th and 10th legions drove away the Atrebates to the river
The 8th and 11th legions gained higher ground while fighting the Veromandui
However, much of the Roman camp was exposed
The Boduagnatus and Nervii headed for the unprotected parts of camp and surrounded some of Caesar’s legions
Chapter 22-23
Fighting continues Those who came with the Roman
baggage train arrived to find the camp filled with battle
The Treviri, who helped assist the baggage claim rushed back home and told their state that the Romans were conquered and the enemy possessed their camp + baggage train
Chapter 24
The 4th cohort was defeated The crowded Roman troops were a
hindrance to themselves Many of the other centurions of other
cohorts were killed P. Sextius Baculus, a brave man,
advanced to the front line of battle and ordered the soldiers to keep moving foreword, thus boosting their courage
Chapter 25
Caesar tried to separate the legions so that they were not so pressed together in battle
Made a charge on the enemy with a double front
Began to fight off the enemy more successfully
Titus Labienus gained possession of the enemy’s camp and observed from higher ground the attack on the Romans. He sent the 10th legion to help the Romans fight.
Chapter 26
The arrival of the 10th legion restored much courage in the men
Once the Romans had defeated the enemy up close, the enemy began to cast their weapons at the Romans from a hill
They returned the Romans darts so that it appeared as if the enemy had not stupidly passed a river, ascended a hill, and fought in a disadvantaged location
Chapter 27
Battle was over Nervii were annihilated The women + those unable to fight from
the Nervii sent ambassadors to Caesar and surrendered themselves to him
Nervii senators reduced 600-3 60,000 men to 500 who could bear arms Begged Caesar for compassion
Chapter 28
The Aduatuci, who had been making their way towards to battle to help the Nervii, turned around after hearing the news
They picked a geographically protected camp site near the Rhine river, and set up 6,000 guards
Chapter 29
The Roman army arrived at their set up camp and argued with them
The Aduatuci, because of Roman conflict, remained in their camp, surrounded by a rampart
From their camp, they observed the Romans building a tower, which they mocked, thinking there was no use in this construction, and that the Romans didn’t have enough hands or strength to build it
Chapter 30
When the Aduatuci saw the tower being moved, and approaching their walls, they sent ambassadors to appease Caesar
Treated Caesar with much respect, and gave themselves and all their possessions into Caesar’s possession
Begged to be spared and not deprived of their arms
Chapter 31
Caesar agreed to spare the Aduatuci if they surrendered themselves before the battering-ram should touch the wall (meaning they would have to give up their arms until they touched the top of the wall)
Caesar agreed to command the Aduatuci’s enemies not to look down or attack the Aduatuci
However, the Aduatuci hid a third part of their town and didn’t give up everything
Chapter 32
The Aduatuci attacked the Romans and broke treaty of peace while they thought the Romans weren’t paying attention to them
About 4000 of the Aduatuci were killed by the Romans, and the rest returned back to town
Caesar “sold the whole spoil of that town”, which was 53,000 people
Chapter 33
P. Crassus informs Caesar that the Veneti, Unelli, Osismii, Curiosolitae, Sesuvii, Aulerci, and the Rhedones were now under Roman control
Word spread of Roman victory, and nations beyond the Rhine contacted Caesar saying that they would follow his command if need be
Caesar set out for Italy A 15 day celebration was held for the
Roman victories
Chapter 34-35
Third person Glorifies the Roman army and himself Refers to the enemies as “savages” and
mocks their lack of culture Presents himself in a very high manner,
as the powerful leader of the Roman army
How Caesar presents the information:
Caesar’s problems all seem to arise through scouts (i.e. when his scouts told the Nervii that the Romans were near by in chapter 17
In battle, Caesar blames much of the time where the Romans are losing on the fact that they didn’t have proper time to prepare for battle
Avoids taking credit for any wrongdoing
Problems?
Caesar presents himself as a hero during the surprise attack on the Romans by the Nervii, where Caesar explains how he himself had to give signs, encourage the men, and so on.
P. Sextius Baculus is presented as a hero in chapter 25, yet a lesser hero than Caesar himself.
Heroics?
Reports in 3rd person Glorifies himself and the Roman army Causes reader to be impressed by his
quick thinking during battle and careful planning
Avoids putting any blame on himself, so that he may continue to look like a hero
Many geographical references to help reader understand the action more
How does Caesar report the action?