2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The NEMO Project: A The NEMO Project: A Status ReportStatus Report

M.TaiutiM.Taiution behalf of the NEMO Collaborationon behalf of the NEMO Collaboration

Athens, GreeceAthens, Greece

VLVNT09 WorkshopVLVNT09 Workshop

October 13 - 15, 2009October 13 - 15, 2009

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

OutlineOutline

► IntroductionIntroduction The NEMO CollaborationThe NEMO Collaboration Physics MotivationsPhysics Motivations

► The NEMO Activities:The NEMO Activities: The Site CharacterizationThe Site Characterization The NEMO Phase-1The NEMO Phase-1 The NEMO Phase-2The NEMO Phase-2

► Conclusions and PerspectivesConclusions and Perspectives

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The NEMO CollaborationThe NEMO CollaborationINFNINFN Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Napoli, Pisa, RomaBari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Napoli, Pisa, Roma

► UniversitiesUniversities Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma “La Sapienza”Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma “La Sapienza”

CNRCNR Istituto di Oceanografia Fisica, La SpeziaIstituto di Oceanografia Fisica, La Spezia Istituto di Biologia del Mare, VeneziaIstituto di Biologia del Mare, Venezia Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico, MessinaIstituto Sperimentale Talassografico, Messina

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS)Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS)

Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione (ISCTI)dell’Informazione (ISCTI)

The NEMO physicists actively participates to the ANTARES and The NEMO physicists actively participates to the ANTARES and KM3NeT programsKM3NeT programs

Introduction – The NEMO Collaboration

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

A Northern Telescope for High Energy A Northern Telescope for High Energy NeutrinosNeutrinos

► The telescope will be complementary to ICECUBEThe telescope will be complementary to ICECUBE► The small cross section and the expected low The small cross section and the expected low

neutrino flux require neutrino flux require large volume telescope large volume telescope ~~ 1 km 1 km33

long observation time long observation time ~~ yrs yrs

► The atmospheric muon background requiresThe atmospheric muon background requires a shielding a shielding >> 2000 m water equivalent 2000 m water equivalent

► The Mediterranean Sea provides convenient sites The Mediterranean Sea provides convenient sites

NEMOCapo Passero 3400 m

NESTORPylos 4000 m

ANTARESToulon 2400 m

Introduction – Physics Motivations

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Sky View of a Mediterranean Sea Sky View of a Mediterranean Sea TelescopeTelescope

2 downward sensitivity assumed

Located inMediterranean visibilityof givensource canbe limitedto less than 24h per day

> 75%> 25%

Introduction – Physics Motivations

NOT seenby ICECUBE

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The NEMO R&D ActivityThe NEMO R&D Activity

► Site locationSite location More than 25 sea campaigns since More than 25 sea campaigns since

19981998

► The NEMO SiteThe NEMO Site 80 km off-shore80 km off-shore 3500 m depth3500 m depth

80 km NEMO Site

CataniaINFN-LNS

Test Site North (TSN)

Test Site South (TSS)

The NEMO Activities: The Site Characterization

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The NEMO Site PropertiesThe NEMO Site Properties

Base line rate (Threshold 1)

15

20

25

30

35

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49

Date (days since the 31 st of March)

Cou

nti

ng

rate

s (k

Hz)

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

Tim

e ab

ove

200

kH

z

The NEMO Activities: The Site Characterization

► High water transparencyHigh water transparency Data compatible with pure salt Data compatible with pure salt

water propertieswater properties No seasonal variationsNo seasonal variations

► Reduced background, mostly Reduced background, mostly from from 4040K decayK decay 10” PMT thres. 0.5 p.e. 10” PMT thres. 0.5 p.e.

noise rate noise rate ~~ 30 kHz 30 kHz Bioluminescence almost absentBioluminescence almost absent

► Geologically stableGeologically stable

Base line rate

ANTARES 1850-2250 m

NEMO Site 2850-3250 m

NEMO Site Test 3

ANTARES Test 3

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The NEMO Phase-1 ActivityThe NEMO Phase-1 Activity

► The NEMO Phase-1 aimed at The NEMO Phase-1 aimed at characterizing and validating characterizing and validating technologies for a deep water technologies for a deep water neutrino detectorneutrino detector

MechanicsMechanics►Fibre-glass containers pressure-Fibre-glass containers pressure-

compensatedcompensated►A Detection Unit based on a Tower structure A Detection Unit based on a Tower structure

that is deployed packed and unfolds after that is deployed packed and unfolds after the deploymentthe deployment

Data readout and transmissionData readout and transmission►Pulse shape analysisPulse shape analysis

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

South branchSouth branch5.000 km5.000 km

North branchNorth branch5.220 km5.220 km

The NEMO Phase-1 ActivityThe NEMO Phase-1 Activity

OnDE acoustic stationOnDE acoustic station

Operating from Operating from Jan 2005 till Dec 2006Jan 2005 till Dec 2006

Junction BoxJunction BoxStill operating Still operating

in situin situTower

FrameFrame

Single armored Single armored cablecable

20.595 km20.595 km

Double armored Double armored cablecable2.330 km2.330 km

BUBU

NEMONEMOPhase-1Phase-1

Jumpers 300mJumpers 300m Jumper Jumper 300m300m

Geoseismic Geoseismic stationstationSN-1 station SN-1 station (INGV)(INGV)

Operating since Operating since Jan 2005Jan 2005

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

Mini-TowerMini-Tower

Fully operating starting Fully operating starting from 16 Dec 2006 for 4 from 16 Dec 2006 for 4 monthsmonths

During that period the Mini-Tower suffered a loss of buoyancy and an attenuation in signal transmission

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The NEMO Phase-1 Mini-TowerThe NEMO Phase-1 Mini-Tower► 4 floors4 floors

Length 15 mLength 15 m Vertical spacing 40 mVertical spacing 40 m

► 16 Optical Modules with 10” 16 Optical Modules with 10” PMTPMT

► Acoustic PositioningAcoustic Positioning 2 hydrophones per floor2 hydrophones per floor 1 beacon on the tower base1 beacon on the tower base

► Environmental instrumentationEnvironmental instrumentation 1 compass + tiltmeter in each 1 compass + tiltmeter in each

Floor Control ModuleFloor Control Module CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-

Depth) probe on floor 1Depth) probe on floor 1 C* (attenuation length meter) on C* (attenuation length meter) on

floor 2floor 2 ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Profiler ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Profiler

(including compass) on floor 4(including compass) on floor 4

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

TBM

FPM

FPM

FCM

FCM FPM

FCM

FCM FPM

br

br

br

br

HH

OM OMC T D

A BC *

ADCP

Tower Base

Floor 1

Floor 2

Floor 3

Floor 4

Buoy

HC

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

NEMO Phase-1 ResultsNEMO Phase-1 Results► Systematics over one month Systematics over one month

shows acceptable water shows acceptable water properties already at 2000 m properties already at 2000 m depth:depth: baseline ratebaseline rate burst fraction evaluated as burst fraction evaluated as

time above 1.2xbaselinetime above 1.2xbaseline burst fraction evaluated as burst fraction evaluated as

time above 200 kHztime above 200 kHz

► The Mini-Tower can reconstruct The Mini-Tower can reconstruct atmospheric muon tracks!atmospheric muon tracks!

► The OM configuration with The OM configuration with PMTs looking horizontally PMTs looking horizontally increases the atmospheric increases the atmospheric muon reconstruction efficiencymuon reconstruction efficiency

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

January 24 2007 Run R17 file 1 Event # 36605913 PMT hit

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Atmospheric Muon Angular Atmospheric Muon Angular DistributionDistribution

23-24 January, 2007:23-24 January, 2007:

LiveTime: 11.31 hoursLiveTime: 11.31 hoursOnLine Trigger: ~610OnLine Trigger: ~61077

OffLine Trigger (7 seeds): 184709OffLine Trigger (7 seeds): 184709Reconstructed tracks: 2260Reconstructed tracks: 2260Selected tracks: 965Selected tracks: 965

Azimuth

Likelihood

Distribution

Zenith

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Vertical Muon IntensityVertical Muon Intensity

Vertical muon intensity as a function of depth from data recorded on 23-24 Jan, 2007Compared with the relation fromBugaev et al, Phys. Rev. D58, 05401 (1998) The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-1

NEMO Phase-1

Paper submitted to Astr.Phys.

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The NEMO Phase-2The NEMO Phase-2

80 km NEMO Site

to NEMO Site

► Infrastructures for the -3500 m Infrastructures for the -3500 m underwater NEMO siteunderwater NEMO site Electro-optical cable (50 kW – 20 fibres)Electro-optical cable (50 kW – 20 fibres)

► Deployed in July 2007 Deployed in July 2007 ► DC/DC power converter (Medium Voltage DC/DC power converter (Medium Voltage

Converter) (10kV to 400 V)Converter) (10kV to 400 V) built by Alcatelbuilt by Alcatel tested and workingtested and working At LNS for final integrationAt LNS for final integration installation by end 2009installation by end 2009

Shore station in PortoPalo di Capo Passero Shore station in PortoPalo di Capo Passero ► 1000 m1000 m22 building inside the harbour area building inside the harbour area

of Portopalo of Portopalo► Renovation of first part of the laboratory Renovation of first part of the laboratory

completedcompleted Test and validation of new Test and validation of new

technologiestechnologies

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The Medium Voltage Converter by The Medium Voltage Converter by AlcatelAlcatel

Single BoardSingle Board2 2

subconverterssubconverters

StackStack8 8

subconverterssubconverters1 Control Board1 Control Board

Assembled Assembled ConverterConverter

Internal UnitInternal UnitHoused UnitHoused Unit

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Test of the Medium Voltage Test of the Medium Voltage ConverterConverter► August 2008August 2008 -- Test of MVC prototype at full load in “realistic” -- Test of MVC prototype at full load in “realistic”

conditions conditions 100 km artificial line100 km artificial line 1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone)1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone) 18 equivalent towers18 equivalent towers Interconnecting cablesInterconnecting cables

► August 2008 - July 2009August 2008 - July 2009 -- Development of further prototypes -- Development of further prototypes and production and FAT of the final 2 NEMO MVCsand production and FAT of the final 2 NEMO MVCs

► July 2009July 2009 -- Test of final MVC after FAT at full load in “realistic” -- Test of final MVC after FAT at full load in “realistic” conditionsconditions 100 km artificial line100 km artificial line 1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone)1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone) 18 equivalent towers (18 equivalent towers (input filter, 600W DC/DC and resistive load)input filter, 600W DC/DC and resistive load) 1 ANTARES mini-line (4 power modules)1 ANTARES mini-line (4 power modules) Long interconnecting cablesLong interconnecting cables

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The July 2009 TestThe July 2009 Test

► Factory Acceptance Test of NEMO MVC n°1 Factory Acceptance Test of NEMO MVC n°1 and 2 (test performed prior shipping)and 2 (test performed prior shipping)

►Operational Test of final NEMO MVC with:Operational Test of final NEMO MVC with: 100 km artificial line100 km artificial line 1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone)1 NEMO tower (16 power modules and backbone) 18 equivalent towers (input filter, 600W DC/DC 18 equivalent towers (input filter, 600W DC/DC

and resistive load)and resistive load) 1 ANTARES mini-line (4 power modules)1 ANTARES mini-line (4 power modules) Long interconnecting cablesLong interconnecting cables

► The system works properly without The system works properly without oscillationsoscillations

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

See R.Cocimano talk

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The July 2009 Test LayoutThe July 2009 Test Layout

ANTARESSTRING

SW3

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

375 V

0 V

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

Vout MVC

Iout MVC

Vin Tower

Vin Line

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Summary of Summary of the MVC Activitythe MVC Activity

► Tests have been successfully Tests have been successfully completedcompleted

► The deployment procedure has The deployment procedure has been testedbeen tested

► The MVC has been assembled The MVC has been assembled in the frame in the frame

► The deployment is scheduled The deployment is scheduled by end of 2009 by end of 2009

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The Shore StationThe Shore Station

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Test and Validation of New Test and Validation of New TechnologiesTechnologies► A ROV (PEGASO) dedicated to A ROV (PEGASO) dedicated to

marine operation in the NEMO Sitemarine operation in the NEMO Site► A mechanical test of a realistic A mechanical test of a realistic

tower (12 floors)tower (12 floors)

► A test of functionality of the A test of functionality of the ANTARES Mini-line in deep waterANTARES Mini-line in deep water

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The ROV PEGASOThe ROV PEGASO

► TheThe wrong assembling of an o- wrong assembling of an o-ring ring caused a leakage of the caused a leakage of the oil used in the compensation oil used in the compensation system and the implosion of a system and the implosion of a hose hosting the 3kV power hose hosting the 3kV power supply wires during the first supply wires during the first immersionimmersion

► PEGASO has been repaired by PEGASO has been repaired by the SeaEye company and the SeaEye company and shipped back to Cataniashipped back to Catania

► It will be available for the next It will be available for the next deploymentdeployment

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The TowerThe Tower

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The TowerThe Tower

► A failure of the tower A failure of the tower boom release system, boom release system, prevented the prevented the deployment of the deployment of the tower on the seabed tower on the seabed and the successive and the successive planned operations of tower unfurlingplanned operations of tower unfurling

► The tower has been rescued and the The tower has been rescued and the problem investigated and solved on-shoreproblem investigated and solved on-shore

► The tower is presently ready for a new The tower is presently ready for a new deploymentdeployment

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The ANTARES Mini-lineThe ANTARES Mini-line

► This is a joint activity of the ANTARES and NEMO This is a joint activity of the ANTARES and NEMO CollaborationsCollaborations

► Comparison in the same environmental conditions Comparison in the same environmental conditions of the two presently available detector designs with of the two presently available detector designs with respect to:respect to: response to the external solicitations (sea current)response to the external solicitations (sea current) sea operations and ROV connectionssea operations and ROV connections

bioluminescence stimulated by the structurebioluminescence stimulated by the structure

► Continuous monitoring of the NEMO Site (~1 year) Continuous monitoring of the NEMO Site (~1 year) with a similar apparatus used in ANTARESwith a similar apparatus used in ANTARES

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

The ANTARES Mini-lineThe ANTARES Mini-line

► ConfigurationConfiguration:: 3 storeys with 2 PMTs3 storeys with 2 PMTs spaced 100m spaced 100m Anchor (BSS)Anchor (BSS) top buoytop buoy

► New R&D to adapt the line to 3500m depthNew R&D to adapt the line to 3500m depth New electro optical water tight penetrator from New electro optical water tight penetrator from

Seaproof Seaproof New design of the connection of the line (from 2 short New design of the connection of the line (from 2 short

jumpers + 1 interlink to 1 long jumper)jumpers + 1 interlink to 1 long jumper) Fuse box in the long jumper to protect DC/DC against Fuse box in the long jumper to protect DC/DC against

shorts in the lineshorts in the line

► Assembled in CCPM and presently in Catania ready Assembled in CCPM and presently in Catania ready for deployment by end 2009for deployment by end 2009

The NEMO Activities: The NEMO Phase-2

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Conclusions and PerspectivesConclusions and Perspectives► The NEMO Collaboration is working on a long-term R&D program The NEMO Collaboration is working on a long-term R&D program

toward a kmtoward a km33 -telescope in the Mediterranean Sea-telescope in the Mediterranean Sea

An optimal candidate site has been found: the NEMO SiteAn optimal candidate site has been found: the NEMO Site

The NEMO Phase-1, aiming to validate the proposed technologies, The NEMO Phase-1, aiming to validate the proposed technologies, has been successfully conducted at the Catania Test Sitehas been successfully conducted at the Catania Test Site► Since Jan. 2005 the geoseismic and acoustic stations are fully operativeSince Jan. 2005 the geoseismic and acoustic stations are fully operative► The Junction Box and the mini-Tower has been deployed at the end of The Junction Box and the mini-Tower has been deployed at the end of

20062006► The Junction Box is still operatingThe Junction Box is still operating► Atmospheric muons have been successfully reconstructed and the Atmospheric muons have been successfully reconstructed and the

measured flux agrees with previous measurements and modelsmeasured flux agrees with previous measurements and models

The NEMO Phase-2, aiming to realize the deep sea station at the The NEMO Phase-2, aiming to realize the deep sea station at the NEMO Site, is in progressNEMO Site, is in progress► The deployment of the electro-optical cable has been done in 2007The deployment of the electro-optical cable has been done in 2007► The set-up of the onshore station is almost completedThe set-up of the onshore station is almost completed► The deployment of the DC/DC converter is scheduled by end of 2009The deployment of the DC/DC converter is scheduled by end of 2009► The test of new technologies is in progress The test of new technologies is in progress

Conclusions and Perspectives

AND…AND…

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Toward the Toward the -Telescope-Telescope

► EU funded the joint activity for a European-scale EU funded the joint activity for a European-scale Design Study for a kmDesign Study for a km33 -telescope in the -telescope in the Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

KM3NeT: ANTARES-NEMO-NESTOR consortiumKM3NeT: ANTARES-NEMO-NESTOR consortium

http://www.km3net.org/http://www.km3net.org/

► KM3NeT identified three possible Detection Unit KM3NeT identified three possible Detection Unit configurations (NuONE, Seawiet and MEDUSA)configurations (NuONE, Seawiet and MEDUSA)

► A prototype of NuONE will be built and tested at the A prototype of NuONE will be built and tested at the NEMO SiteNEMO Site

Conclusions and Perspectives

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

NuONENuONE

►NuONE design:NuONE design: towers towers Bar-storey 6 m length Bar-storey 6 m length

(6PMT/floor 8 inch 35% QE)(6PMT/floor 8 inch 35% QE) 20 bars/tower 20 bars/tower Proposed number of towers 127Proposed number of towers 127 Hexagonal lay-outHexagonal lay-out

Conclusions and Perspectives

PJBPJB

SJBSJB

MEOMEOCC

► The NuONE tower is lighter The NuONE tower is lighter than present NEMO tower than present NEMO tower with a drag 3 times smallerwith a drag 3 times smaller

2000

3000

3600

NEMO

Sea Operation with NuONE and Sea Operation with NuONE and PEGASOPEGASO

PEGASO in lifter configurationcontrolling the Tower unfolding procedure

PEGASO with DSS in supporting configuration

for the ROV

Conclusions and Perspectives

► The PEGASO shuttle can The PEGASO shuttle can drive the buoy thus drive the buoy thus regulating the unfurling regulating the unfurling speedspeed