The Need for Inland Waterway Transport and consequently for

12. October 06 „Sustainable IWT on Danube“, Bucharest page: 1„Needs for IWT, improvement of navigation conditions

The Need for Inland Waterway Transport and consequently for

Improvement of Navigation Conditions on the Danube

Georg RastWWF Germany


Inland waterway network in Europe


European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport; http://europa.eu.int/

TEN-T priority projects


Waterway network in Danube basin


Waterway network in

Rhine basin


Transport-Growth EU 25 Performance by mode of freight

European Commission / Eurostat: Energy & Transport in Figures 2004. - Luxembourg: 2004. - 220 S.

Growth of GDP and transport volume


Development of IWT on Austrian Danube section


Wasser- und Schifffahrtsverwaltung 2002; Stere, C. L. (1992): Die Untere Donau in Rumänien. - Binnenschifffahrt-ZfB, 47 (1992/17): S. 904-913

Inland waterways – role of access to the sea


www.portofconstanza.com, 05.03.2006Zentralkommission für die Rheinschifffahrt: Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Rheinschifffahrt: Statistiken 2002. - Straßburg, 2003, S. 14

Danube / Constanza in 2005: „The most significant increase of almost 100% (381,817 TEU's), exceeding even the most optimistic expectation from the beginning of the last year, has been registered in the container traffic, so that in 2005 we can speak about 768,099 TEU's as compared to 386,282 TEU's registered in 2004.“ (2004: 3.9 Mio t; 2005: 7.4 Mio t; + 89.74%)

Danube / Constanza in 2005: „The most significant increase of almost 100% (381,817 TEU's), exceeding even the most optimistic expectation from the beginning of the last year, has been registered in the container traffic, so that in 2005 we can speak about 768,099 TEU's as compared to 386,282 TEU's registered in 2004.“ (2004: 3.9 Mio t; 2005: 7.4 Mio t; + 89.74%)

Development of container traffic


Development of the number of passengers:+ 168,1% (1995 – 2003)

Development of Turnover:+ 203,9% (1995 – 2003)

11Source: Deutscher Reisebüro und Reiseveranstalter Verband e.V., DRV

Development of river cruising


High Level Group (2005) findings on IWT:

Considered as energy efficient (the least energy consumption per tkm compared to road and rail)

High degree of safety

Enjoys a substantial surplus capacity to contribute to decongestion of overloaded road network


Danube Commission 1988: minimum depth of the navigation channel 2.50m on 343 days per year (LNRL) from Vienna to Braila/RO

AGN 1996 (UN-ECE, main inland waterways of international importance): draught of 2.50m on 240 days per year on the whole Danube

Proposal „Van Miert-Group“ 2003: draught of 2.50m on 343 days per year (LNRL) on the whole Danube

Agreements for improvement of draught


High Level Group recommendations IWT (2005):

Mutually open access for international traffic

Pursue harmonisation of rules and safety standards

Implementation of traffic information systems that are mutually interoperable


European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport; http://europa.eu.int/

Bottleneck sections on the Danube waterway


Quelle: Slowakei-Ungarn bis Delta: Int. Donaukommission: Information über die Instandhaltung der Fahrrinne und die Furten der Donau von Ulm bis Sulina, verschiedene Jahrgänge; Rhein, Donau bis Österreich: eigene Auswertungen von Pegeldaten, Pegeldaten aus www.elwis.de und www.hydroinfo.hu

Shipping conditions in recent years


... 1997 („dry“ year) ... 1999 („normal“ year)

Source: Buck Consultants International, ProgTrans, VBD, via donau (2004): PINE: Prospects of Inland navigation within the enlarged Europe. - Teil E, S. 57 und 58.

Used draught in relation to potential draught


„The traffic carrier should be available at short notice“

„The traffic carrier should transport with high speed“

„Transports should be carried out gently“

„Also small shipments should be carried out fast and economically“

„The traffic carrier should inform the customer about disturbances early“

„The traffic carrier must be present in the whole area“

„The traffic carrier should offer complete solutions like storekeeping, production-synchronous delivery, shelf feeding and other logistical performances“

Requirements

-

- -

-

- -

0

- -

0

Currently

0

- -

0

- -

+

- -

+

Future ?

Source: Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag (DIHK), ohne Jahresangabe: Verkehrsverlagerung - der große Trugschluss. - Broschüre. Eigenverlag DIHK Berlin, Breite Straße 29, 11052 Berlin. - Verfasser: P. Thiele.

Business requirements

> Reliability and communication in time


INNOVATIVE BARGE TRAINS FOR EFFECTIVE TRANSPORT ON SHALLOW WATERS

Technical data of INBAT:Length x Breadth of the total barge train:

118 m x 9,0 mDesign Draught:

1,7 mLength x Breadth of one single barge:

48,5 m x 9,0 mLight draught of the barge:

0,20 mDeadweight per barge at design draught 1,70 m:

641 tonsLength x Breadth of the push boat:

20 m x 9,0 m

Push boat with a total power of at least 480 kW transmitted with 3 propellers and sufficient thrust, for barge operation in shallow waterways with a push boat draft limited to 0,60 m

Source: Guesnet, T. (2005) Final technical Report, Including Technological Implementation Plan. - Duisburg, 14.01.2005. - 18 S. - www.inbat.net

Innovations in river vessels and barge operation


There are a number of new innovative solutions technically feasible concerning vessel design, reduced draught, less emmissions, management of conveys, …

Draught is still the most important factor influencing economics of IWT, also with innovative solutions (main obstacle: high investment costs)

Significant improvements feasible with better information systems and communication (RIS-river information system, satellite radio navigation systems, waterlevel forecast)

VDB research study on „technical and economic concepts for river adapted inland vessels


The analysis is based on Western European conditions, Lower Danube region is likely to be different

Sensitivity analysis on fuel prices was not done, though an increase reduces competiveness of other transport modes

The ultimate priority of draught is still a sectoral view

But…


There is no revolution feasible, but incremental steps indispensibleand as for other complex schemes,

non-structural investments pay back short term and are often the cheapest and reversibel,

structural investments as river training structures, excavation etc. are expensive, long term and risk irreversibility and non-sustainability

Conclusions


Sustainability guidelines have been developed, even by navigation lobby groups (e.g. PIANC) and recently European Multilateral Financing Institutions (encompassing the whole EU acquis 2003

ergo, commitment has to be proven (based on recent memorandum and joint statement)

based on confidence and control with support by experts

Conclusions


Even the restoration of Danube wetlands at the scale currently under discussion is one incremental step to improve navigation conditions (shortening the low water period, less dynamic water level fluctuations)

…


European Research Centre for Inland and Coastal Navigation, Duisburg, GER

Importance of channel information in wide/narrow fairways


Example of plans on Lower Danube along RO-BG


HWL = High Water Level

MWL=Mean Water Level

LWL=Low Water Level

Side arm

River training measures and effects

Levee/Terrace


HWL

MWL

LWL

Side arm


Systematic bank protection and/or groyns

Continuous aggradation of floodplain, more dense vegetation in floodplain/bankselevation of flood water levels


HWL

MWL

LWL

Side arm


Systematic bank protection and/or groynsDamming of side arms for concentration of flow in main riverbed

Continuous aggradation of floodplain, more dense vegetation in floodplain/bankselevation of flood water levels


HWL

MWL

LWL

Side arm



… incision of riverbed


HWL

MWL

LWL

Side arm



… incision of riverbed, decrease of low and even mean water levelssubsidence of groyns and bank reinforcements, increased maintenance


HWL

MWL

LWL

(former) Side arm



… loss of flood water conveyance capacity, further increase of flood water levels and decrease of low water levels


Example of plans on Lower Danube along RO-BG

Severe irreversible impact on river ecosystem

sustainable solution for navigation?

The Need for Inland Waterway Transport and consequently for

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