The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning ...
Transcript of The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning ...
Design Research Society Design Research Society
DRS Digital Library DRS Digital Library
Learn X Design Conferences Learn X Design 2019
Jul 9th, 12:00 AM
The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning
Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials for Yacht Design. Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials for Yacht Design.
Stefano Parisi Politecnico di Milano, Design Department
Arianna Bionda Politecnico di Milano
Andrea Ratti Politecnico di Milano
Valentina Rognoli Politecnico di Milano
Follow this and additional works at: https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/learnxdesign
Citation Citation Parisi, S., Bionda, A., Ratti, A.,and Rognoli, V.(2019) The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials for Yacht Design., in Börekçi, N., Koçyıldırım, D., Korkut, F. and Jones, D. (eds.), Insider Knowledge, DRS Learn X Design Conference 2019, 9-12 July, Ankara, Turkey. https://doi.org/10.21606/learnxdesign.2019.17094
This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Conference Proceedings at DRS Digital Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Learn X Design Conferences by an authorized administrator of DRS Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected].
ThisworkislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike4.0InternationalLicense.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign
StefanoPARISIPolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]
AriannaBIONDA
PolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]
AndreaRATTIPolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]
ValentinaROGNOLIPolitecnicodiMilano,[email protected]:10.21606/learnxdesign.2019.17094
Abstract:Knowledgeaboutmaterialsisakeyelementindesigneducation,consideringnotonlytheirtechnicalpropertiesbutalsoexperientialandexpressive-sensorialqualitiesofmaterials.Tocomplywiththistransitionandwiththeemergenceofnovelmaterials,educatorsneedtoadaptordevelopnewformats,toolsandmethodsforteachingandlearningmaterialsindesigncurricula.ThispaperpresentsatentativedesignmethodologyexperimentedandvalidatedinaneducationalworkshopnamedNautICSMaterials,withtheaimsof(i)teachingICSMaterialsintheabsenceofmaterialsamples,(ii)exploitingthepotentialofICSMaterialsindrivingyachtdesignconcepts;(iii)designingforICSMaterials;and(iv)introducingandapplyingthenotionofmaterialsexperience.ICSMaterialsisanacronymthatstandsforInteractive,Connected,andSmart.Indeed,thedomainofmaterialsfordesignischangingundertheinfluenceofanincreasinglytechnologicaladvancement,whichbringsminiaturizationoftechnologyandmaterialaugmentationwiththeuseofsensors,actuators,andmicroprocessors.Examplesofnewhybridmaterialsystemswithdynamicandcomputationalqualitiesareincreasinglyemergingandraisingtheneedtoforecasttheirpotentialsinthedesignspaceandtoreflectontheirfutureapplicationcritically,bothindesignandinteaching.TheworkshopNautICSMaterials-ICSMaterialsfortheNauticalsector-isdescribedbyitsobjectives,structure,methodology,toolsandresults,inordertopresentamodeltotransfertoothersectorsortoscaleupinlargerexperimentalandappliedactions.
Keywords:ICSMaterials;materialsexperience;yachtdesign;designtools;designeducation
StefanoPARISI,AriannaBIONDA,AndreaRATTI,ValentinaROGNOLI
2
1IntroductionKnowledgeandskillsaboutmaterialsarefundamentalelementsindesignpracticeandeducation.Conventionally,theircontributioninthedesignspacewaslimitedtotheselectionofpropermaterialsforintegrationintostudents’projects,contributingintheprocessofmaterialization.Todothat,studentsweretypicallyaskedtoacquireknowledgeaboutmaterialfamilies,theirtechnicalproperties,manufacturingprocesses,treatmentsandfinishes,and–notleast–theirsensorialqualities.Infact,inthescopeofdesigneducation,theroleofthesensorialandexperientialqualitiesofmaterialshasremarkablyincreased.Inthelast30years,scholarsandeducatorsworkingintheareaofmaterialsfordesignmovedtheirattentionfromthetechnicalpropertiesofmaterialstotheexpressive,sensorial,andexperientialqualitiesofthem(Manzini,1986;Cornish,1987;Ashby&Johnson,2002;Rognoli,2010;Karana,Pedgley&Rognoli,2015).Itisacknowledgedthatmaterialshavequalitiesthatgobeyondthefulfillingofpracticaldemands.Theyhaveintangiblepropertiesthatcaptivateappreciationandthataffecttheexperienceofanartefactbeyonditsfunctionalvalue.Theyarequalitative,non-technical,andintangiblecharacteristicsrelatedtoemotions,personality,andculturalmeanings.Thesequalitiesofmaterialshavebeenexploredandclassifiedbydifferentscholars,constitutingasubstantialbodyofworkidentifiableasthenotionofMaterialsExperience(Karana,Pedgley&Rognoli,2013).Sincematerialitycontributestothedefinitionofproductexperience(Desmet&Hekkert,2017),theconceptofmaterialsexperiencearisesas“theexperiencethatpeoplehavethroughandwithmaterials”(Karana,Pedgley&Rognoli,2015),whichisframedintosensorial,emotional,meaningful,andperformativelayersofexperience(Giaccardi&Karana,2015).TheconceptofMaterialsExperiencegroundsonapreviousbodyofwork,suchastheMeaningsofMaterials(Karana,2009)andtheExpressive-SensorialDimensionofMaterials,i.e.,thesensorial,subjective,qualitative,andunquantifiableprofileofmaterials(Rognoli,2004;2010).
Becauseofthistransition,traditionalapproachesandtoolsformaterialsteachingandlearninginthedesignspacearenolongeradequate.Novelteachingandlearningformats,tools,andmethodshavebeeninquiredanddevelopedtomergethedualityofengineering-basedandexperience-basedinformationinaconsistentandcomplexframethatcanbeintroducedtodesignstudents.TheExpressive-SensorialAtlas(Rognoli,2004;2010)supportingdesignersintheirunderstandingofthematerialqualitiesandunfoldingtheirrelationswithengineeringpropertiesandthesensorialevaluationscale(Karana,2009)aretwoexamplesofthesetools.Theseembraceatransitionofeducationalapproachfromatheoreticalonetoamoreexplorativeandpracticalone,integratingmaterialeducationintodesignstudiosandexperimentalactivities,suchasworkshops.Inthisrespect,designstudentsareenabledtodesignfocusingontheappearanceofmaterials,thefeelandexperiencetheyinduce,orstartfromaparticularmaterialanddesignmeaningfulapplicationsforit,contributingtothedevelopmentofmaterialsandtheidentificationofinnovativesolutions.ThisisevidentintheapplicationofMaterialDrivenDesignmethod(Karanaetal.,2015)andMaterialTinkeringapproach(Parisi,Rognoli&Sonneveld,2017)indesignstudios,justtomentionsomeexamples.
Oneemergingchallengeformaterialseducationfordesignistheintroductionofnovelandunconventionalclassesofmaterialsdifferentfromthetraditionalones,suchasInteractive,Connected,andSmart(ICS)Materials.Theintegrationofthesematerialsarisestheneedfornewapproaches,tools,methods,andformatsforteachingandlearning.Inthisscope,MaterialsExperienceappearsasakeynotionfortheirunderstanding,conceptualization,andintegrationintoaconceptartefact.
1.1ICSMaterialsNovelmaterialswithdynamicandinteractivequalities,abletosense,process,andmaterializedata,areemergingundertheinfluenceofanincreasinglytechnologicaladvancementthatfuelsminiaturizationoftechnologyandmaterialaugmentation.Theseareexploredbythebasicresearchproject‘ICSMaterials’(Ferrara,etal.,2018;Bionda&Ratti,2018;Parisi,etal.,2018a;2018b),anacronymthatstandsforInteractive,Connected,andSmartMaterials.Manyofthesematerialsareattheirexperimentalandprototypicalstagewithoutaclearapplication.Thepracticeofdesignhasalwaysfacilitatedthedevelopmentandintegrationofnovelmaterials(Ashby&Johnson,2002).However,designpracticeandeducationlackamethodologytoapproachthesematerials.Thepurposesoftheresearchare:(i)todevelopmethodsandtoolsfordesignpractitionersandstudentstounderstand,conceptualize,anddesign(with)them;(ii)toforecasttheirpotentialsinthedesignspace,consideringtheroleoftheexperiencesenabledandimpliedbysuchmaterials;(iii)andtoreflectontheirfutureapplicationcritically.Thispaperisastepinthisdirection,byproposingatentativemethodologyformaterialeducationfordesign,aimedtodesignwithandforICSMaterialsanddescribingitsapplicationandresultsinaYachtDesigneducationalworkshop.
ThedefinitionofICSMaterialsishereproposedasHybridMaterialSystems,i.e.,material-basedsystemswithdifferentdegreesofcomplexitycombininginactivematerials,smartmaterialcomponents,andembeddedsensing,computing,andactuatingtechnologies.Individualaspectsofsuchmaterialshavebeenexploredandformalizedbypreviousand
TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign
3
currentresearchesofcolleaguesintheintersectionofDesign,Materials,andHuman-ComputerInteraction(Vallgårda&Sokoler,2010;Razzaque,Dobson&Delaney,2013;Barati,Giaccardi&Karana,2018).Theymainlyperformshape-shifting,light-emitting,andcolour-changingbehaviours.Theseamlesscombinationofelementsintoamaterialsystemmightenablelessintrusiveandmoreinclusiveexperiences,amoreimmediateandengaginginteraction,andsustainableintegrationoftechnologiesintoeverydaypractices.
Theresearchispositionedintheintersectionofdesign,newmaterials,andinteraction.WeassumeabehaviouristicviewofInteraction(Saffer,2009),whichunderpinsabroadmeaningoftheterm,byalsoconsideringothermeansofinteractiondifferentfromdigitalandcomputational,andadoptinganinclusiveapproach(Buchanan,2001).Thus,weconsiderabroadrangeofmaterialsempoweredbycomputational,mechanical,chemicalandbiologicalcomponentsassensorsandactuators.ICSMaterialsariseaspotentialenablersofmeaningfuldynamicandinteractivematerialsexperiencesastangibleinterfacesforadiversityofapplications,frominteractivearchitecturetosmartfashion,fromautonomousvehiclestosmartandconversationalobjects.
1.2EmergingTrendsinYachtDesignWithemergingtechnologiesandcutting-edgematerials,theyachtingindustryisevolvingrapidlytomeettheneedsofmodernyachtownersandisgrowingbothonsalesvolumeandboatsize.Themarket,indeed,iscontinuouslyrisingandsince2014hasbenefitedfromtheupwarddemandforyachtcharterandwater-basedluxuryexperiencesmovingtowardsthelargeyachtsegment(BoatInternational,2018;Deloitte,2018).Between2010and2017,the60metersplusmarketsegment,so-calledmegayacht,hasgrownbyanaverageof11%andwiththeperspectivetoreachUS$74.7billionby2022(GlobalIndustryAnalystsInc,2017),confirmingthetheorythatthehigh-endsectorappearstobemoreresilienttoanycrisisininternationalmarkets(Campolongo,2017).Asyachtsareevolvingintosuperyachtsandmegayachts,thedesignprojectsaremovingawayfromthetraditionalconservativenatureofthisindustrywithergonomic-baseduseofspaceatthecentreofdesignpractice,toluxurydesignboatswhereaprojectishighlyinfluencedbytheclientpersonalityandaesthetic,andwherethedesigncriteriaarerevealedwith[emphasizedandspecialcharacters”(Celaschietal.,2015).Designersarenowexperimentingwithnewsoftfeaturesforhighersensoryexpressions,lookingfornewtypesofinteractionbetweenyacht,sea,andhumanbehaviours.AsintroducedinTheFutureYachtbyBoatInternational(2017):
Lifestyledesignisthenewundercurrentofyachting,promotedbyfellowdisruptorswhoassertthatmostcurrentlyavailableyachtsdon’tlivethewaytoday’snewaffluentsocietydoes.Thedisconnectispalpable.Peoplewantavesselthatwillgivethemexperiencestheycan’thaveelsewhere,andfortoolonghavebeenhandeddesignsforvesselsthatsimplyreplicatealltheirland-basedelsewhere,albeitwithapointyend.Theseareexcitingtimes,yachtingatthecuspofchange.
Lookingwiththelensofexperiencedesignwecanidentifythefollowingkeyelementsasyachtdesigntrends(Bionda&Ratti,2018):
• Experiencethesea.Softfeaturesandflexible/convertspaceshighlightthecontinuitybetweenindoorsandoutdoors.Livingareasthemselvesareevolvingwiththeadvancingglassandmaterialtechnology.Materialexperienceassumesanimportantmeaningasitbecomesagreatcatalystofemotionsabletothrowtheyachtownerintoanaugmentedexperience.
• Innovativelayouts.TheGeneralArrangementismovingawayfromtraditionalstructureswithdividedinteriorsandsmalleroutdoorspaces.Thereisanincreasedfocusonlargeroutdoorareasandlighteropenplaninteriors.Thestructuralconstraintsarebecomingless,leadingtomoreinterestingwaysofdesigningspacesandcombiningareaswithorganicstructuresandpop-upspacesexploredinseveralyachtdesignconcept.
• Focusonhealth&wellness.Ownersarelookingtocarrytheirbalancedlifestyleintotheworldofyachting.Thespaexperienceisaccelerating:gyms,cryotherapychambers,saltinhalationrooms,hotyogastudiosarejustafewoftheideasonthedrawingboard.
2TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshopAmongthediversepotentialareasofuseofICSMaterials–fromautomotivetosmartarchitecture,fromthehealthsectortoconsumerelectronics–,theNauticaltransportationdemonstratestobeoneofthemostsuitableandcompetitivesectorsofintegration.Here,ICSMaterialsmaybetheenablersofmeaningfulexperiences,expandingtheuniqueinteractionbetweenthelivingspace,thesea,andhumanbehaviours.Onthistheme,a3-dayeducationalworkshopnamedNautICSMaterialswasorganizedandrunbytheauthorsatPolitecnicodiMilano,MasterinYacht
StefanoPARISI,AriannaBIONDA,AndreaRATTI,ValentinaROGNOLI
4
Designprogram.Theeducationalworkshopinvolved28studentswiththegoaltoforeseeandideatefuturescenariosintheyachtingsector,byconceptualizingnewICSmaterialsandapplyingtheminFutureYachtdesignconcepts.
Thisworkshopwasdesignedtobeadoptedasatrainingprograminadesignfirmorinthenewyachtdepartmentofashipyard,involvingstudentswithdifferentbackgroundswhohadnoknowledgeofICSmaterialandmaterialsexperience.Aspecificsetofactivitiesframedinatentativedesignmethodology-–namelyDesignforICSMaterials–withtheirsupportingtoolsweredeveloped:YachtingScenarioBoards,ICSMaterialsCards,andaConceptCanvas.Theworkshophadtheobjectiveofexperimentingandtestingatentativemethodologyto:(i)teachICSMaterialsintheabsenceofmaterialsamples,(ii)exploitthepotentialofICSMaterialindrivingyachtdesignconcepts,(iii)designforICSMaterialsand(iv)introduceandapplythenotionofMaterialsExperience.
2.1MasterinYachtDesignTheFirst-levelSpecializingMasterinYachtDesign(MYD)atthePolitecnicodiMilano-POLI.designwasfoundedtomeetthestrongdemandfortraininginthepleasure-craftsegmentandprovidesthetoolsformanagingthedesignandconstructionofsailingandmotorboats,fromprojectbrieftodefinitionofgeneralplans,hydrostaticandhydrodynamiccalculations,fitting-outofinteriors,deckandboardequipment,boatsystems,productionintheyardandcontrolofexecutivestages.Studentsattendingtheprogrammehavedifferentbackgrounds,bothacademic–architects,productdesigners,andengineers–andcultural.
NautICSMaterialsisathree-dayeducationalworkshopprogramdesignedasafirststepinapproachingICSMaterialforayachtdesignproject,organizedandrunbytheauthorsatMYD.AstheworkshopwasconceptualizedtobethefirstexperienceindesignwithICSMaterials,the28MYDstudentsinvolvedhadnoknowledgeeitheraboutInteractive,ConnectedandSmartmaterialsnoraboutmaterialexperience.Indeed,theteachingactivityonmaterialsofferedintheMasterprogramisconventionallylimitedtothetechnicalproprieties,manufacturingprocessesandfinishingofconstructionmaterials.Thematerialscontributiontoyachtdesignprojectsarerestrictedtoaselectionofmaterials,withtheirtreatmentsandfinishingintegratedasamaterialboardinstudents’works.SincepreviousdidacticunitsonmaterialsunderatechnicalprofilehavealreadybeenprovidedtotheMasterstudents,thisworkshopaimedtointroducethenotionofMaterialsExperienceandapplyittodesigningwithandforemergingandcomplexmaterials.TheworkshopwasorganizedatthehalfwayoftheMasterlearningpath,whenstudentshavealreadydevelopedyachtdesignskillsinmanagingtheshapeandthegeneralarrangementofaboat,aswellasinconstructionmaterialandsystemengineering.Regardingstudents’experiencesinyachtdesignprocesses,theNautICSMaterialsworkshopaimedtooverturnthetraditionalwayofdesigningayacht,byexploitingthepotentialofICSMaterialindrivingtheconceptdesignoffunctionalandaestheticelementsforfutureyachts,embeddedintheinteriorlayoutofthevessel.
2.2WorkshopMethodologyTheworkshopmethodologywasdesignedbytheauthorstoreachtheintendedworkshopobjectiveof(i)teachingICSMaterialsintheabsenceofmaterialsamples,(ii)exploitingthepotentialofICSMaterialindrivingyachtdesignconcepts;(iii)designingforICSMaterials;(iv)introducingandapplyingthenotionofMaterialsExperience.ThemethodologyoftheNautICSMaterialseducationalworkshopcouldbeadoptedasatrainingprograminAcademiaaswellasinadesignfirmorinthenewyachtdepartmentofashipyard,asitisaddressedtoprofessionalswithdifferentbackgroundsandnopreviousknowledgeinmaterialsexperienceorICSMaterials.Toachieveitsobjectives,theworkshophadthreefeatures:
• thestudentsweredividedintofivemultidisciplinarygroupsofatleastfivememberstoreflectacommonyachtdesignstudio;
• theworktimeperiodandtasksweresplitintosectionstogivearhythmtothedesignactivity,verifydurationoftasks,andincreaseefficiency;
• apersonalizedtoolkitwasgiventoeachteamtodrivethedifferentdesignphases.ThetoolkitcontainedYachtingScenariosBoards,ICSMaterialsCards,andaConceptCanvasspeciallydesignedfortheworkshop(toknowmore,gotohttp://www.icsmaterials.polimi.it/);
• thestudentswereaskedtodevelopayachtlivingarea(whetherinasailing-oramotor-yacht)drivenbythematerialexperienceandstimulatedbyagivenscenariowithoutpre-assignedvesseltypologyandsize.
Theworkshopwasorganizedinthefollowingsevensectionsconductedforeighthoursaday,withaone-hourlunchbreak,forthreedays:
TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign
5
Introductionandpreparation[2hours]:presentationofthemacro-trendoftheyachtingsectorandICSMaterialsresearchbythetutors;divisionofthestudentsintogroupsandtoolkitdistribution.
Exploration[2hours]:openingofthetoolkitandgettingfamiliarwithtrends,ICSmaterials,andYachtingscenarios.Answeringthequestion“whatdoesthefutureholdforsuperyachtdesign?”tostartthinkingabouthowthenextlevelofyachtingwouldbelikewithnewsmartmaterials.Tools:YachtingScenarioBoardsandICSMaterialsCards.
Definition[2hours]:tonarrowtheareaofintervention,selectionofapartofayachtjourney(sailing,mooring/atanchor)orapartofthedayanddefinitionofanonboardspaceinwhichtheconceptprojectofthenewmaterialsystemwillbedeveloped.Tools:YachtingScenarioBoardsandICSMaterialsCards.
Conceptualization[4hours]:ideationofnewmaterialsystemconceptsandvisualizationofyachtexperiencesenhancedbyICSmaterials,throughsketches,moodboards,storyboards,andtextualnotes.Tools:YachtingScenarioBoards,ICSMaterialsCards,andConceptCanvas.
Integration[4hours]:integrationofthematerialsystemconceptideasintofeasibledesignproposals.Tools:ConceptCanvas.
Design[8hours]:developmentofYachtconcepts,usingconventionaldesignandrepresentationtoolsandtechniques,i.e.drawingandrenderingbyhandandsoftware.
Delivering[2hours]:exhibitionandpresentationofthefinalworktotheotherteamsandopenroundtablediscussion.Outcomes:3posters(A2landscapeformat)foreachgroup.
2.3Tools
2.3.1YachtingScenarioBoardsBasedonthefirstexperiencesofICS_Materialsresearchproject,MappingICSMaterialsWorkshop2017(Parisietal.,2018b)andICS4YDWorkshop2017(Bionda&Ratti,2018),differentcasestudiesweredividedintofivegroups,takingintoconsiderationboththecharacteristicsofeachreactiveandproactivematerialsandthesensorystimuli/informationwhilesailinginayacht.Then,thefollowingfivenewscenariosfortheyachtingindustrywerefinalized:TheWartyJellyfishMood,MoisturePoetry,WaveofGoodNoise,Thermo-Taste,andDynamicEquilibrium.EachscenariowaspresentedthroughaninspirationalA4boardprovidingamoodboard,anenvisioningtextualstorytelling,anddifferentkeywordsregardingthesensorial,emotional,interpretive,andperformativelayersoftheproposedonboardexperiences(Figures1and2).Thistoolwasusedmainlyintheexplorationphasetodrivethefirstdesignchoicesandtostartenvisioninghowthenextlevelofyachtingwouldbelikewithnewsmartmaterials.
Figure1.Thermo-Tasteyachtingscenarioboard-front.
StefanoPARISI,AriannaBIONDA,AndreaRATTI,ValentinaROGNOLI
6
Figure2.Thermo-Tasteyachtingscenarioboard-back.
2.3.2ICSMaterialCardsAdeckof48cardswasdesignedwiththepurposeofhelpingstudentsunderstandalltheelementsofICSMaterialsandbuildnewconceptswiththem,bygaininganunderstandingofwhattheyare,howtheyaremade,howtheywork,andhowtheyappear,andidentifyingtheirinputsandoutputsofinteraction.EachcardshowsanexampleofICSMaterial,withpicturesandtextualinformation,i.e.,nameoftheproject,nameoftheauthor,ashorttextdescribinghowitfunctionsandperforms,andagraphicalschematicrepresentationshowingitscomponents,inputs,andoutputs(Figures3and4).Todothateachexamplewasdeconstructedintoitsconstitutingelements.Theexamplesthathavebeenselectedbytheauthorstobuildthecardsdeckencompassedmaterials,surfaces,andmaterial-basedobjectsandsystemsusedinmanyapplications,withdifferentbehaviours,complexity,andtechnologicalreadinesslevels.IntheExplorationstage,thestudentswereaskedtoreadthecontentofthecards,clusterthemandselectthemostpromisingexamplesaccordingtotheirscenario.
Figure3.ICSMaterialCardofthecase:ChromosonicbyEjtech(frontandback).
Wave of good noiseTechnical systems and engine room noise are re-shaped and synthesized waveforms change the shape of materials in order to emphasize sound of the natural elements where a yacht is placed. Sound interaction could be facilitate by gesture control and touch pad.
Pressure
shape-changing vibration
sound manipulator
pin-based display
vibration sensorsound instrument
TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign
7
Figure4.AselectionofICSMaterialsCards.
2.3.3ConceptCanvasAConceptCanvasinA3sizewasdesignedtobeusedmainlyintheconceptualizationphase(Figure5).ThepurposeofthecanvaswastoguidethestudentsthroughthenoveldesignmethodologytoconceptualizeanewICSMaterial(Figure6).Thecanvaswasdividedintothreesections,namely(i)materialsystembuilding,(ii)materialsystemsketching/picturing,and(iii)materialsystemdescription.Thefirstsectionprovidedanemptyschematicgraphicalrepresentationofamaterialsystemwithblankspacestobecompletedwiththenamesofcomponents,input,andoutput.Thisrecalledthesamedesignusedinthecards.ThepurposewastousetheschemetobuildanovelmaterialsystembygettinginspirationsfromtheexamplesshowedintheICSMaterialsCardsandcombiningtheirconstitutingelementsinanewcoherentdesign.Althoughtheschemerepresentsasimplifiedlaminateconstruction,otherwaysofintegratingandcombiningelementsinacompositestructuremaybeconsidered.Thesecondsectionprovidedablankboxwherestudentscouldstartmaterializingthefirstconceptideawithsketches,collagesofpictures,ormixedtechniques.Thethirdsectionaskedtooutlinetheconceptwithtextualtechnicaldescription(howitworks),performativedescription(whatitdoes),sensoryandexperientialdescription(howitfeels,looks,andsounds),basedontheMaterialsExperienceframework(Giaccardi&Karana,2017).Thislastsectionaimedtoreflectupontheperformancesandexperiencesenabledandimpliedbytheconcept,basedontheindividualmaterialcomponentsandthecompositionoftheminanarticulatedsystem.Eventhoughwesuggestedtofollowthestepssequentially,thethreeactivitiescouldbecarriedoutinparallelwithaniterativeapproach,aseachsectioninformtheothers.
StefanoPARISI,AriannaBIONDA,AndreaRATTI,ValentinaROGNOLI
8
Figure5.ICSMaterialConceptCanvas.
Figure6.ActivitiesandintermediatestagesoftheNautICSMaterialsworkshop.
TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign
9
3ResultsDuringtheNautICSMaterialsworkshopactivity,studentsconceptualizednovelmaterialsystems,throughtherecombinationofdepictedcomponents,andfullyintegratedthemintothedesignconceptsoffunctionalandaestheticelementsembeddedintheinteriorlayoutofthevessel.Astangibleinterfaces,theymaterializeexternalandimperceptibleenvironmentaldata,sothathumanscouldexperiencethemthroughaugmentedexpressions.Changingtheircharacteristicsonexternalstimuli,ICSMaterialsinfluencetheaestheticsandperceptionofspaces,encouragingsensoryexperienceswhilesailingormooring.FiveresultingdesignconceptsrelatedtoFutureYachtdrivenbytheICSMaterialexperiencearedescribedbelow.
ThesailingyachtconceptGlowrious(Figures7and8),basedonTheWartyJellyfishMood,re-imagestherelationshipbetweentheon-boardnaturalandartificiallighttransformingtheyachthullintoaluminescentnightillusionsystem,byembeddingphoto-luminescentpigmentsintoasmartglasscontrolledthroughArduino.Thesmartwindowscatchtheexternallightcomingfromthesun,byabsorbingitwithphoto-luminescentpigmentslocatedontheglasssurface,andreflectitonthewater.ALCDpanelislocatedbetweentheinternalandexternalglasstoprovideanelectrochromiceffect.Theelectrochromicglassgivesthefreedomtocontroltheinteriorlightintensityfrombothdaylightaswellasthephotoluminescentelements.Thesensorialexperienceisabioluminescentplanktoneffect,adiffuselightwrappingtheyachthull.Inside,thewarmandpleasantlightrefractedfromthewaterwithdifferentintensitiesgivesanextrasensoryexperienceduringmooringandsailing.
Figure7.Glowriousyachtconcept.
StefanoPARISI,AriannaBIONDA,AndreaRATTI,ValentinaROGNOLI
10
Figure8.Glowrious’smartwindowsmaterial’sgraphicalschematicrepresentation:components,inputandoutput,anddescriptionofthematerialsexperienceitenables.
TheFloatingForest,developedfromtheMoisturePoetryyachtingscenario,usesinboardmoisturetocreateafuturisticbiosphereprovidingonboardwaterandlightthroughatwofoldhybridmaterialsystem.ThefirstICSMaterialdevelopedhastheprimaryobjectiveoftransformingtheexcessmoistureinsidethebiospheretodrinkablewaterandiscomposedoffourlayers:ahygrometersensor,activatedabsorbent,porousplate,andahydrophobicslider.Thesecondmaterialisalightemittingonethattakesmoistureconcentrationinlivingspacesasinput.Thismaterialismadeoutoffivedifferentlayers,whichalsoactasastructuralcomponentofthevessel:ahygrometersensor,anabsorberspongetocollectthemoistureofthespace,aporousaluminiumfoilasacapillary,ahydrophobicsliderandhydrochromicpigmenttoproducelight.
TakingtheinspirationfromtheWaveofGoodNoisescenario,DynamicFlowmaterializesthewavesoundfrequenciesinaninteriorwaterfallthankstoexternalsoundsensors.Thesoundofwavesisreproducedinavisualeffectthroughacomplexsystemmadeoutofanexternalmicrophoneforshort-rangesoundwaves,amicrocontroller,atunegeneratingsoftwareandtheelectricalandwatersystemthatprovideenergyandwatertotheinteriorwaterfall.
TheUnderwaterBreathingNestisbasedontheThermo-Tasteyachtingscenarioandreinterpretstheyachtinteriorasalivingcreatureabletoreacttothehumanpresenceandheat,creatingcomfortableareasthroughshape-shiftingsmarttextilescoveringtheinteriorsurfaces.Heatsensorworktogethertoidentifyhumanpresenceandtemperaturethroughproximity.Oncedetected,theinformationistransferredtotheelectrosensitivelayersthatreactexpandingthemselveslikealivingcreature.Theinterioreffectisaboatbreathingfromthegillsenrichedwithadynamicallycontrolledcomforttemperature.
ThelastconceptdevelopedwasHeckquilibriuminspiredbytheDynamicEquilibriumyachtingscenario.Throughlight,itshowstheeffectofwindandwaterforcesonasailingboat,envelopingtheinteriorwithmovableplywoodpanelscoveredwithlight-emittingsmarttextilesandopticfibresrespondingtopressuresensors.Whenthevesselisstable,thepanelsareclosedgivingasimplecladdingeffect.However,whentheboatheelsthepanelsopenup,offeringadynamicexperiencebyfollowingtheangleoftheheelinghull.Moreover,dynamictextilepatternsaddedtotheplywoodpanelsreacttoroughseaemittinglightaccordingtothewavepressures.Fromatechnicalpointofview,ananopressuresensorlocatedalongthelengthofthehullmeasureshealingangleandwaterpressure.Thesignalis
TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign
11
receivedbyacontrolunitthatcontrolsindependentlyboththepanels’servomotorsandthelightemittingopticfibresoneachpanel.
4DiscussionAttheendoftheworkshop,studentswereasked,bymeansofaquestionnaire,fortheirfeedbackinordertomeasuretheeffectivenessandreceptionoftheactivity.TheNautICSMaterialsworkshopconfirmedtheeffectivenessofthetentativemethodologyinachievingtheobjectives.Allthestudents,withnopreviousknowledgeonICSMaterialsandmaterialsexperience,wereabletoconceptualizenovelmaterialsystemswithdifferentdegreesofcomplexitycombininginactivematerialsandsmartmaterialcomponents.Thetoolkitproveditspotentialinguidingthedesignphasesfromthematerialunderstanding,tothenewmaterialsconceptualization,andtheirintegrationintoyachtdesignconcepts.Thecardsovercamethelimitationscausedbythelackofphysicalsamplesoftheactualmaterialsandprovidedimmediateandeffectiveinformationonthematerials.However,futuredevelopmentofthemethodologymayintegratematerialsamplesandprototyping.Bothstudentsandtutorsrealizedthattime-wisea3-dayworkshopistoolimitedforthedevelopmentofinnovativedesignconceptsthatcouldintegrateamixofaesthetic,functional,materialandtypologicalinnovation.Indeed,justtwooffiveconceptsrevealedsignificantimplicationofthematerialdevelopmentintoinnovativeyachtshapesandfunctions.Inmostcases,theyachtconceptsweredisconnectedornotinfluencedbythematerialthathavebeenconceptualized,resemblingconventionalyachtsespeciallyontheoutside.However,takinginspirationfromanotherindustrialsector,thedesignconceptsimplementedanewgenerationofmaterialforcompositestructure,exteriorandinteriordesignandsailswithdynamic,augmented,andproactiveproperties.ThenotionofMaterialsExperiencehasbeenlearntandappliedbystudents,providinginspirationanddetailstotheconcepts.ThevisionaryandspeculativeapproachimpliedbythethemeofFutureYachtandICSMaterialshavebeenappreciatedbystudentsandrequestedtobeintegratedinotherdidactunitsoftheMasterinYachtDesign.Furthermore,theworkshopprovedthepotentialofICSMaterialstoinfluencetheyachtspacesperceptionenhancingtheonboardexperience:astangibleandmaterialinterfaces,theymaterializeexternalandimperceptibledataenablingmulti-sensoryandengagingyachtingexperienceandallowingtheusertobemoreproactiveandengagedintheirinteractionwithspacesandthenavigation.TofosterandexploitthepotentialofICSMaterials,futureapplicationofthemethodologyinadesignworkshopcoulddirectsuchmaterialstocreateawareness,alleviate,orcontributeinsolvingtoday’senvironmentalproblems.JusttomentionsomeexamplesofpotentialdirectionsintheYachtsector,ICSMaterialsmayvisualizeenvironmentalinformationtocreateawarenessonthequalityofair,helpinthefiltrationanddepurationofpollutedwaterwhilesailing,orbeusedasanalternativeandsustainablesourceofenergy-harvestingforself-sufficientboats.Furthermore,futureworkshopscouldaddressedthedesignofnewICSmaterialsfromnaturalsourcesorwithalowimpactinproduction,suchassecondrowmaterialsorDIYmaterials.
5ConclusionThepaperdraftedthemaintheoreticalfoundationsabouttheresearchICSMaterialsinrelationtomaterialeducationfordesignanddepictedtheeducationalworkshopNautICSMaterialsbyitsobjectives,structure,methodology,tools,andresults,inordertopresentamodeltotransfertoothersectorsortoscaleupinlargerexperimentalandappliedactions–notonlyineducation,butalsoinpracticewithindustrialpartners–fortheintegrationofsmartmaterialsandtechnologiesinthedesignspace.TakingintoconsiderationtheoutcomesandinferencesfromthepilotapplicationintheYachtDesignsector,themethodologycouldbeappliedandextendedtootherfields,including,butnotlimitedto,transportationandautomotive,health,smart,microand/ortemporaryarchitecture,mobilespacesuite,consumerelectronics,andsmartandconversationalobjects.
Acknowledgments:ThisworkispartofICS_Materials,abasicresearchprojectcarriedoutattheDesignDepartmentofPolitecnicodiMilanoandfundedbytheUniversityBasicResearchFundingFARB2015.Wethankthecolleaguestakingparttotheresearch:CamiloAyalaGarcia,VenanzioArquilla,MauroAttilioCecconello,MarinellaFerrara,VenereFerraro,andDavideSpallazzo.TheworkshopwasorganisedatMYD,MasterinYachtDesignofPolitecnicodiMilano.TheresearchispartiallyfundedbyFondazioneF.lliConfalonieri(Ph.D.studentgrant).
ReferencesAshby,M.,&Johnson,K.(2002).MaterialsandDesign:TheArtandScienceofMaterialSelectioninProductDesign.
Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann.
StefanoPARISI,AriannaBIONDA,AndreaRATTI,ValentinaROGNOLI
12
Barati,B.,Giaccardi,E.,&Karana,E.(2018).Themakingofperformativityindesigning[with]smartmaterialcomposites.InProceedingsofthe2018CHIConferenceonHumanFactorsinComputingSystems,PaperNo.5.
Bionda,A.,&Ratti,A.(2018).ExploringscenariosforICSmaterialsintheyachtdesignframework.InW.KarwowskiandT.Ahram(Eds.)ProceedingsofIHSI2018,AdvancesinIntelligentSystemsandComputingVol.722(pp.752-756).Cham:SpringerInternational.
BoatInternational(2017).Futureyachts(Vol.1).BoatInternationalMedia.BoatInternational.(2108).TheGlobalPicture.GlobalOrderBook.Buchanan,R.(2001).DesignResearchandtheNewLearning.DesignIssues,17,3-23.Campolongo,M.(2017).HouseandYacht:theAestheticsoftheInteriorasaLinkbetweenDifferentSectors.The
DesignJournal,20(sup1),S209-S218.Celaschi,F.,Cappellieri,A.,&Vasile,A.(2005).LussoversusDesign.Milano:FrancoAngeli.Cornish,E.(1987).MaterialsandtheDesigner.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Deloitte(2018).Boatingmarketmonitor:Marketinsightoftheinternationalrecreationalboatingindustry.Deloitte
Italy,NauticaItaliana.Retrievedfromhttps://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/it/Documents/finance/Boating%20Market%20Monitor%20-%20Cannes%20Presentation%20-%20Deloitte%20Italia.pdf
Desmet,P.M.A.,&Hekkert,P.(2007).Frameworkofproductexperience.InternationalJournalofDesign,1(1),57-66.Ferrara,M.,Rognoli,V.,Arquilla,V.,&Parisi,S.(2018).Interactive,Connected,Smartmaterials:ICSmateriality.InW.
KarwowskiandT.Ahram(Eds.)ProceedingsofIHSI2018,AdvancesinIntelligentSystemsandComputingVol.722(pp.763-769).Cham:SpringerInternational.
Giaccardi,E.,&Karana,E.(2015).FoundationsofMaterialsExperience:AnapproachforHCI.InProceedingsofCHI’15,The33rdAnnualACMConferenceonHumanFactorsinComputingSystems(pp.2447-2456).
GlobalIndustryAnalystsInc.(2017).YachtIndustry.InAglobalstrategicbusinessreport.Retrievedfromhttps://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2905656/yacht-industry-global-strategic-business-report
Karana,E.(2009).MeaningsofMaterials.Saarbruken:LapLambertAcademicPublishing.Karana,E.,Barati,B.,Rognoli,V.,&ZeeuwVanDerLaan,A.(2015).Materialdrivendesign(MDD):Amethodtodesign
formaterialexperiences.InternationalJournalofDesign,19(2),35-54.Karana,E.,Pedgley,O.,&Rognoli,V.(2015).Onmaterialsexperience.DesignIssues,31(3),16-27.Karana,E.,Pedgley,O.,&Rognoli,V.(Eds.)(2013).Materialsexperience.FundamentalsofMaterialsandDesign.UK:
Butterworth-Heinemann.Manzini,E.(1986).LaMateriadell’Invenzione[TheMaterialofInvention].Milan,Italy:Arcadia.Parisi,S.,Rognoli,V.,Spallazzo,D.,&Petrelli,D.(2018a).ICSMaterials.Towardsare-interpretationofmaterial
qualitiesThroughInteractive,Connected,andSmartMaterials.InProceedingsofDRS18Vol.2(pp.1747-1761)Parisi,S.,Rognoli,V,&Sonneveld,M.H.(2017).MaterialsTinkering.Aninspirationalapproachforexperientiallearning
andenvisioninginproductdesigneducation.InTheDesignJournal,20:sup1,S1167-S1184.Parisi,S.,Spallazzo,D.,Ferraro,V.,Ferrara,M.,Ceconello,M.A.,Ayala-Garcia,C.,&RognoliV.(2018b).MappingICS
Materials:Interactive,Connected,andSmartMaterials.InW.KarwowskiandT.Ahram(Eds.)ProceedingsofIHSI2018,AdvancesinIntelligentSystemsandComputingVol.722(pp.739-744).Cham:SpringerInternational.
Razzaque,M.A.,Dobson,S.,&Delaney,K.(2013).Augmentedmaterials:spatiallyembodiedsensornetworks.InternationalJournalofCommunicationNetworksandDistributedSystems,11(4),453-477.
Rognoli,V.(2004).Imaterialiperildesign:unatlanteespressivo-sensoriali[Materialsfordesign:anexpressive-sensorialatlas].PhDThesis.PolitecnicodiMilano.
Rognoli,V.(2010).ABroadSurveyonExpressive-SensorialCharacterizationofMaterialsforDesignEducation.METUJournaloftheFacultyofArchitecture,27(2),287-300.
Saffer,D.(2009).DesigningforInteraction:CreatingInnovativeApplicationsandDevices.Berkeley:NewRidersPub.Vallgårda,A.,&Sokoler,T.(2010).AMaterialStrategy:ExploringMaterialPropertiesofComputers.International
JournalofDesign,4(3),1-14.
AbouttheAuthors
StefanoParisiisaPhDstudentattheDesignDepartmentofPolitecnicodiMilano.His research focuses on the definition of design guidelines for the purposefuldevelopmentandmeaningful integrationof smartmaterial systems in thedesignspace.HeisamemberoftheMaterialsExperienceLab.Hisresearchandteachingactivitiesdealwithemergingmaterials,hybridmateriality,anddesigntools.
AriannaBiondaisaPhDstudentattheDesignDepartmentofPolitecnicodiMilano.Architect, sailor and yacht designer, since 2014 she is involved in teaching andresearchactivitieswiththemasterprograminYachtDesignatPolitecnicodiMilano
TheNautICSMaterialsWorkshop:TeachingandLearningInteractive,ConnectedandSmartMaterialsforYachtDesign
13
andSMaRTLab,LeccoInnovationHubinterdepartmental laboratory.Herdoctoralresearchisfocusedoninnovativetechnologiesandmaterials’roleinayachtdesignprojectandtheircurrentdynamicsandpracticesofinteraction.
Andrea Ratti is Associate Professor at the Design Department of Politecnico diMilano.Hisactivityconcernsthestudyoftechnicalinnovationinmarineconstructiontechniqueswithfocusonsustainabilityindesignandindustrializationprocesses.HeiscurrentlydirectoroftheUniversityMasterinYachtDesign,co-ChairoftheMasterCourseinDesignNavaleeNauticoandscientificManageroftheSustainableMarineResearch&TecnologyLab.
ValentinaRognoliisAssistantProfessorintheDesignDepartmentattheSchoolofDesign,PolitecnicodiMilano,wheresheco-directstheMaterialsExperienceLab,aninternationalresearchgroupactingattheintersectionofproductdesign,materialsscience, social sciences, and engineering with a transdisciplinary approach tomaterials fordesign.Shehasbeenworking inthefieldofmaterials fordesignforalmosttwentyyearsgainingexpertiseonthistopicbothinresearchandeducation.