THE MYERS BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR

9/23/2019

Copyright June 2019, Pauline H. Tesler, all rights reserved.1

THE MYERS‐BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR

TOOLS FOR SELF‐REFLECTIVE, SELF‐AWARE COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE

REORGANIZING FOR SMALL GROUP ACTIVITIES:

TAKE OUT YOUR MYERS‐BRIGGS REPORT AND WRITE YOUR FOUR LETTER CODE ON APOSTIT THAT YOU AFFIX TO YOUR NAMETAG. [ON THE BACK IF YOU PREFER NOT TO SHARE WITH OTHERS.]

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FIND A TABLE THAT HAS A SIGN MATCHING YOUR LAST THREE LETTERS OF YOUR TYPE

. IF THERE ARE EIGHT OR MORE PEOPLE AT YOUR TABLE, SPLIT INTO TWO ROUGHLY EQUAL SEPARATE TABLES.

STARTING WITH THE CAVEATS:

•You are more than a personality type. Don’t confuse the MAP for the TERRITORY!•This is as useful as you think it is, no more and no less.•You can only know your own personality type.•With another person, you can at most form educated guesses.

•That can still be useful.•Consider your guess a hypothesis, and test it.•See if it helps you work with that person more effectively.•Don’t tell people your opinion as to their type

MYERS‐BRIGGS TYPOLOGY USES AND LIMITATIONSUSES:

Identifies easily‐recognizable behavioral tendencies

High degree of popular acceptance

When used to illuminate patterns in an individual’s behavioral preferences and habits, can contribute to insight and awareness

LIMITATIONS:

Descriptive rather than dynamic

Over‐emphasis on flattering type descriptions, less attention to challenges

Very complicated system and theoretical underpinnings (Jung)make it difficult to build a practical understanding across all the types

Binary typology test for characteristics thatin the real world manifest on a continuum, not in opposition

Criticized by some academicians andstatisticians

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The four dimensions of type

How do you engage most often with the world around you?

JUDGING PERCEIVING

What process do you prefer to use to make decisions?

THINKING FEELING

How do you generally take in and organize information?

SENSING INTUITION

Where do you get your energy from?

EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION

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Everyone uses all the preferences, but each of us is more comfortable using one of the two styles in each pair

Not about skills or abilities

Not about motivations or causes

No better or worse types

All 16 types have potential strengths, all have potential blind spots and pitfalls

A type is a behavioral pattern

Knowledge of type illuminates behaviorbut does not excuse inappropriate behavior

Take what seems useful, discard the rest

Widely usedExecutive coaching

Most Fortune 500 companies

70 different countries, two dozen languages

Most widely used personality assessment in the world: more than 2 million people a year take it

Helps us to develop self‐reflective capacity, appreciate differences, mitigate conflict, enhance constructive teamwork

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Take a moment to relax:

CHOOSE A PARTNER TO WORK WITH AT YOUR TABLE.

NOT SOMEONE YOU KNOW WELL OR WORK WITH OFTEN.

IF POSSIBLE, CHOOSE SOMEONE WHO ALSO HAS THE SAME FIRST LETTER THAT YOU HAVE: EITHER AN E OR AN I.

IF YOU DON’T HAVE A PARTNER, JOIN WITH TWO PEOPLE AT YOUR TABLE TO FORM A THREESOME FOR THE EXERCISES THAT FOLLOW.

Write your signature on a piece of paper as you usually do.

Now, do it with the other hand.

What do you notice about process? About product?

WHAT’S A PERSONALITY PREFERENCE?

Clasp your hands togetherengaging all the fingers:

Notice which thumb is on top and which is covered.

Now reverse the clasp so that the other thumb is on top.

How natural, how comfortable was the second handclasp?

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The four dimensions of type: 1. Energy

Where do you go to recharge your batteries?

EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION

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Characteristics

Tend to act before thinking

Prefer to move into action

Talk things through

More expressive when interacting

Gain energy from interaction

At ease with large groups of friends and strangers

Have a breadth of interests

Tend to think before acting

Prefer to spend time on inner world of reflection

Think things through

More contained when interacting

Gain energy from introspection

Prefer smaller groups of acquaintances and friends

Have a depth of interests

Remember, E–I is not about sociability or social confidence

AN INTROVERT AND AN EXTRAVERT DISCUSS A PARTY

E–I: Approach to meetings

E I

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IntrovertsPrivate

Concentration

Internal

Depth

Intensive

Fewer relationships

Cautious disclosure

Contained

Internal reactions

Reflective

Thinks to speak

Good I/E Words

Introverts (I) vs. Extraverts (E)

Extraverts• Social• Interaction• External• Breadth• Extensive• Many relationships• Free disclosure• Expressive• External events• Gregarious• Speaks to think

The four dimensions of type: 2. Your style of thinking

How do you prefer to gather and use information: your “habits of mind” or “cognitive type.”

SENSING INTUITIONS N

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How we prefer to gather information & reach solutions

SENSING: INTUITION:

Wants to know the facts

Looks at the details: macro lens

Takes a fairly concrete, information‐driven approach

Focuses on the here and now

Ensures solutions do work in practice

Tactical outlook

Step‐by‐step movement forward

Comfortable with how things have worked in the past

Enjoys theories and speculative concepts

Looks at the context: wide angle lens

Interprets, forms impressions, notices patterns

Anticipates future possibilities

Explores how things might work in theory

Strategic outlook

Intuitive leaps

Likes innovative and original solutions

Remember, Sensing isn’t ‘sensitive’ and iNtuition isn’t ‘gut feel’

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Analogy

Ensures individual data is accurateMay overlook the patterns

Ensures patterns are understoodMay care less about the accuracy of the detail

S N

Sensate and Intuitive Preferences

People who prefer SensingSee and collect facts and details

Are practical and realistic

Start at the beginning and take one step at a time

Are more specific and literal when speaking, writing, and listening

Live mainly in the present, dealing with the here and now

Prefer reality to fantasy and imagination

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People who prefer Intuition

Look for patterns, possibilities, connections, and meanings in information

Are more conceptual and abstract

Start anywhere in understanding a problem, and are comfortable leapingover basic steps

More likely to speak and write in general, metaphorical terms

Live in the future – the possibilities

Prefer imagination and what could be to sticking with current reality

With a partner:Each take a short turn of about 2 minutes

Share what behaviors and habits of mind you recognize in yourself that make you either intuitive or sensate in your thinking style

Reflect on your own conflict story:Jot down two or three ways that your preference (Sensing, or Intuition) may have showed up or influenced how you behaved during your conflict story.

Do you think the other person(s) involved in your conflict story had the samepreference as you, between Sensing and Intuition? Or the complementary preference?

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The four dimensions of type: 3. Decision values

What process and values do you most often use to make decisions and choices?

THINKING FEELING

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Characteristics

Guided by logical analysis

Use cause and effect reasoning

Seek objective truth

Decide using impersonal rules and principles

Focus on tasks and solutions

Provide a critique

Conflict is a natural part of interactions

Fairness matters: everyone treated rationally and equally

• Guided by personal values

• Assess impact of decisions on people

• Seek harmony: tact over truth

• Decide by considering values, circumstances

• Focus on relationship

• Offer appreciation

• Conflict is unsettling and to be avoided

• Fairness matters: individuals treated compassionately according to needs

Remember, ‘Thinkers’ can feel and ‘Feelers’ can think. This scale refers only to the process we prefer to use for making decisions

Illustration

Makes decisions by stepping out of the problem to be objective

Makes decisions by stepping into the problem to be compassionate

T F

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T–F: Helping style

A VIDEO CLIP?

Thinkers

Impersonal

Objective

Justice

Laws

Firmness

Clarity

Critique

Policy

Detached

Head

Good T/F Words

Thinkers (T) vs. Feelers (F)

Feelers

• Interpersonal

• Subjective

• Fairness

• Circumstances

• Acceptance

• Harmony

• Appreciate

• Social Values

• Involved

• Heart

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With your partner:Each take a short turn of about 2 minutes

Share what you recognize in yourself that makes you more of a thinker or more of afeeler in your decision style.

Reflect:Consider how your decision style may have influenced how you participated in yourconflict story.

Do you think the other person(s) involved in your conflict story had the samedecision style preference as you (Thinking, or Feeling)? Or the complementary preference?

Jot down a few notes to help you remember this.

The four dimensions of type: 4. Engagement with the world

How do you engage with the world around you?

JUDGING PERCEIVING

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Characteristics

Likes things open to allow for change

Remains casual, loose, flexible

Responsive processes matter

Responds to emerging information

Embraces spontaneity and new experiences

Reconsiders decisions easily

Likes to come to closure

Systematic and organized

Prefers to plan and act within a clear structure

Impatient with ambiguity

Dislikes the unplanned and unforeseen

Prefers decisions to be final

Remember, Judging isn’t ‘judgmental’ and Perceiving isn’t ‘perceptive’

J P

Illustration

J P

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J–P: Approach to a task

People who prefer Judging

Like to make plans and follow them

Like to get things settled and finished

Like environments with structure and clear limits

Enjoy being decisive and organizing others

Handle deadlines and time limits comfortably

Organize procedures and schedules to avoid last minute rushes

People who prefer Perceiving

Like to respond resourcefully to changing situations

Like to leave things open to allow gathering more information

Like environments and processes that are flexible; dislike rules and limits

May not like making decisions, even when pressed

Tend to think there is plenty of time to do things

Are willing to rush to complete things at the last minute

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Judgers

•Resolved

•Decided

•Fixed

•Control

•Closure

•Planned

•Structure

•Definite

•Scheduled

•Product

Good J/P Words

Judgers (J) vs. Perceivers (P)

Perceivers

• Pending

• Wait and See

• Flexible

• Adapt

• Openness

• Open‐ended

• Discoveries

• Tentative

• Spontaneous

• Process

With your partner:Each take a short turn of about 2 minutes

Share what you recognize in yourself that makes you more of a judger or more of aperceiver in how you engage with the world around you.

Reflect:Consider how your style of engaging with the world (Judging or Perceiving) may have influenced how you participated in your conflict story.

Do you think the other person(s) involved in your conflict story had the samepreference as you about engaging with the world (Judging, or Perceiving)? Or the complementary preference?

Jot down a few notes to help you remember this.

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Personality Type

When combined, your dominant preferences indicate your personality type.

I

II EE

SS NN

TT FF

JJ PP

REMEMBER: your dominant style preference may be strong,or may be only a little stronger than your preference for the complementary style

Estimated Frequencies

Frequencies of the types in the United States Population

ISTJ7‐10%

ISTP2‐3%

ESTP2‐4%

ESTJ6‐8%

ISFJ15‐20%

ISFP6‐10%

ESFP7‐10%

ESFJ12‐17%

INFJ2‐4%

INFP4‐7%

ENFP8‐10%

ENFJ3‐6%

INTJ1‐3%

INTP1‐3%

ENTP2‐4%

ENTJ1‐4%

I45‐55%

S70‐75%

T24‐35%

J55‐60%

E45‐55%

N25‐30%

F65‐76%

P40‐45%

Females

Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Inc.

THE TWO MOST COMMON TYPES AMONG U.S WOMEN DIFFER ONLY IN PREFERENCE FOR “E” vs “I” [EXTRAVERSION VS INTROVERSION]. BOTH OF THE

MOST PREVALENT TYPES ARE *SFJ [SENSING, FEELING, JUDGING]

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Estimated Frequencies

Frequencies of the types in the United States Population

ISTJ14‐19%

ISTP6‐9%

ESTP5‐6%

ESTJ10‐12%

ISFJ6‐8%

ISFP4‐8%

ESFP3‐7%

ESFJ5‐8%

INFJ1‐2%

INFP3‐5%

ENFP5‐7%

ENFJ1‐3%

INTJ2‐6%

INTP4‐7%

ENTP3‐7%

ENTJ3‐6%

I50‐55%

S65‐72%

T55‐67%

J52‐58%

E45‐50%

N28‐35%

F33‐45%

P42‐48%

Males

Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Inc.

THE TWO MOST COMMON TYPES AMONG U.S MEN ALSO DIFFER ONLY IN PREFERENCE FOR “E” vs. “I” [EXTRAVERSION VS. INTROVERSION]. BOTH OF THE

MOST PREVALENT MALE TYPES ARE *STJ [SENSING, THINKING, JUDGING]

WOMEN MORE OFTEN PREFER FEELING, MEN MORE OFTEN PREFER THINKING.

AMONG U.S.WOMEN, THE TWO MOST PREVALENT TYPES ARE FEELING TYPES:

ISFJ

ESFJ

AMONG U.S. MEN, THE TWO MOST PREVALENT TYPES ARE THINKING TYPES:

ISTJ

ESTJ

REMEMBER: WE ARE TALKING ONLY ABOUT A PREFERENCE FOR HOW TO GO ABOUT MAKING DECISIONS.

FEELING TYPES ARE PERFECTLY CAPABLE OF THINKING, AND VICE VERSA.

THINKING/FEELING DIFFERENCE FAR MORE PRONOUNCED AMONG LAWYERS

THAN IN GENERAL POULATION

81%19%

, 60%

40%35%

65%

66%

34%

Lawyers - Male Lawyers -Female

Most MalesMost Females

Thinking Thinking

Thinking

Feeling

Feeling

Feeling

Feeling

Thinking

(Myers‐Briggs Dimensions ‐ Richard, 1994)Slide used with permission of Susan Daicoff

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EXERCISE:Choose a different partner at your table.

“What might your MBTI type explain about your contribution to what went wrong in your conflict story?

Table discussion:

What does my MBTI type have to do with what triggered me in my conflict story?

What aspects of my MBTI type were exhibited by how I behaved/reacted in mypersonal conflict story?

What have I learned about myself in conflict through the lens of my MBTI type?

DISCUSSION

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THE MYERS BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR

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