The Munich Agreement: Nazi Aggression and Crisis of Democracy? September 30, 1938 The Sudetenland ...
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Transcript of The Munich Agreement: Nazi Aggression and Crisis of Democracy? September 30, 1938 The Sudetenland ...
The Munich Agreement: Nazi Aggression and Crisis of Democracy?
September 30, 1938The SudetenlandCzechoslovakia
Hitler Used Wilson’s “14 Points”
World War INation-StateNational Self-
Determination
Three Varieties of Ethnic Cleansing:
1.) taking away territory and giving it away based on national or ethnic composition (Munich Crisis);
2.) killing members of national or ethnic group (Nazi Holocaust);
3.) expelling members of national or ethnic group (post-war expulsions).
Hitler
Germany
Chamberlain
Britain
Daladier
France
Beneš
Czechoslakia
A Policy of AppeasementTo appease: “to pacify or
conciliate”
Or?
To appease: “to buy off an aggressor through concessions”
Appeasement Equals Weakness?
Czechoslovakia: Created 1918 from Austria-Hungary (Habsburg Monarchy)
President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Prague Castle
The Pětka
Czech Agrarian Party
Czech National Democratic Party
Czech Social Democratic Party
Czech National Socialist Party
Czech Populist Party
Where is the Sudetenland?
Sudetenland Industry
Sudetenland Fortifications
Konrad Henlein
Sudenten-German National Front (1934)
Sudeten-German Party (1936)
Anschluss: Nazi Takeover
of Austria (March 1938)
Carlsbad Demands, April 24, 1938
1.) Restoration of complete equality of German national group with the Czech people; 2.) Recognition of the Sudeten German national group as a legal entity for the safeguarding of this position of equality within the State; 3.) Confirmation and recognition of the Sudeten German settlement area; 4.) Building up of Sudeten German self-government in the Sudeten German settlement area in all branches of public life insofar as questions affecting the interests and the affairs of the German national group are involved; 5.) Introduction of legal provisions for the protection of those Sudeten German citizens living outside the defined settlement area of their national group; 6.) Removal of wrong done to Sudeten German element since the year 1918, and compensation for damage suffered through this wrong; 7.) Recognition and enforcement of principle: German public servants in the German area; 8.) Complete freedom to profess adherence to the German element and German ideology.
Hitler-Henlein Meeting, March 1938
“always demand so much that we will never be satisfied.”
Three Meetings of Munich Crisis
1.) Berchtesgaden: September 15, 1938
2.) Bad Godesberg: September 22, 1938
3.) Munich: September 30, 1938
Klement Gottwald and the Czechoslovak Communist Party
“Barefoot Ethiopians, without arms, defended themselves, and we yield.”
German Liberation?
Sudeten-German Reactions
Ethnic Cleansing:Moving the Border and
Expelling the Czechs
Nazi Takeover of Czechoslovakia
March 15, 1939
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; Slovakia
Reinhard Heydrich
Old Jewish Cemetery and Old-New Synagogue:
Hitler Planned to Make ThemMuseum of an Extinct and Vanished Race
Lidice
Jaroslava Skleničková, b. 1926
Post-War Retribution: Expulsion of 3-Million Germans
“Peace in Our Time”: What Went Wrong?