The Mother Tongue Indo-European Languages.
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Transcript of The Mother Tongue Indo-European Languages.
The Mother Tongue
Indo-European Languages
Cultural Fusion of the Early Middle Ages5th-11th centuries
Fall of RomeCeltic InfluencesNorse-Germanic InfluencesSpread of Christianity
throughout EuropeIslamic InfluencesFeudalismEmpires and Kingdoms
Celtic Migrations
Hallstatt
Celtic Influences Decorative
Animal motifs Arabesques
Religious Scholarship Monasticism
Literary Epics and folklore Sovranty: Love-Political Triangle
King-Queen-Suitor/Challenger Arthur-Guinevere-Lancelot
The Book of Kells
RomanBritain
1st-5th c.
Fall of Rome330: Constantine moved the capitol of the Roman Empire to
Constantinople402: Honorius moved capitol of the Western Empire from
Rome to Ravenna410: Visigoths sacked Rome455: Vandals sacked Rome and took control of N. Africa and
Spain5th c.: Waves of Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded Britain
and Burgundians controlled much of France476: Goths seized Rome: Odoacer became Emperor
Völkerwanderrung
Germanic Migrations
Germanic Comitatus or Kinship Groups
König, eorlas und thanes: kings, nobles and warrior Mutual loyalty -- warriors fight for king, king is
generous to warriors Originally a socially egalitarian setup, during the third
and fourth centuries CE, it became socially stratified Basis for feudal loyalty Ideal and philosophy expressed in oral epics like
Beowulf and The Song of Roland
The Lindisfarne Gospels
Viking Conquests
I've been with sword and,spearslippery with bright blood
where kites wheeled. And how wellwe violent Vikings clashed!
Redflames ate up men's roofs,raging we killed and killed;
and skewered bodies sprawledsleepy in town gateways.
Viking Runes
The Norman
s
Vikings, or Norsemen, who settled in northern France (or the Frankish kingdom), together with their descendants
A Viking named Rollo emerged as the leader among the new settlers.
The Normans founded the duchy of Normandy and sent out expeditions of conquest and colonization to southern Italy and Sicily and to England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.
Norman Conquest 1066: Contest for the English crown:
Harold, Earl of Wessex: Anglo-Saxon claimantHarald Hardrada of NorwayWilliam Duke of Normandy
Battle of Stamford Bridge: Harold defeated Hardrada's army which invaded using over 300 ships; so many were killed that only 25 ships were needed to transport the survivors home.
Battle of Hastings: William led Norman forces against the English. Harold killed in battle; William seized the throne
William the Conqueror
BAYEUX TAPESTRYEnglish axman in combat with Norman cavalry during the Battle of
Hastings
Norman
Castles
Tower of London
Motte and Bailey Castle
Evolution of English
Language 650 bce- 500 ce: Celtic domination of British Isles: Gaelic: Irish, Welsh, Scots, Breton
2nd C. ce: Roman conquest: Latin5th C. ce: Germanic invasions by Angles, Saxons and Jutes:
Anglo-Saxon/Old English8th- 10th C: Viking invasions: Old Norse1066: Norman conquest:
Norman French → Anglo-Norman1200-1500: Middle English: literary fusion1500: Great Vowel Shift: Early Modern English1700: Modern English