“The more Indians we can kill this year, the less will have to be killed the next war.”

-General William Tecumseh Sherman

Native AmericansPolicy toward Native Americans changed over

time # the 4 policy changes 1 – 4

Removal – Indian Removal Act, 1830, Pres. Jackson

-move the 5 “civilized” nations to Oklahoma so white settlers could have the good land

-”Trail of Tears” Reservations – 1850’s (p. 438)

-white settlers wanted western lands

-break up power of Plains Indians & open up their land for settlement

• Assimilation (p. 442) -becoming similar to the people around you

-reformers believed they would be better off if they abandoned their culture and adopted the culture of white America

-established the Bureau of Indian Affairsforced kids to go to school

-boys had to cut their hair

-wear American clothing vs skins & blankets

-speak English

-no face paint

-discouraged from practicing their own culture

“They made us many promises, more than I can remember, but they never

kept but one.

They promised to take our land, and they took it.”

-Red Cloud

Dawes Act 1887 (p. 443)

-Americanize the Native Americans

-broke up reservations & turned Native Americans into individual property owners

-Not successful since the best land was sold off and the poor land given to the Native Americans

“What treaty that the whites have kept has the red man broken?

Not one.

What treaty that the white man ever made with us have they kept? Not one.”

-Sitting Bull

Resistance Indian Wars

• Sand Creek Massacre p. 440 – do yourself

• “Long Walk”

-Navajos from AZ, NM, UT and CO were forced to relocate to Fort Sumner at Bosque Redondo, NM

-1st reservation west of OK

-After 4+ years, they were allowed to return to their native lands along the NM-AZ border

-Today, the Navajo Nation is the largest Native American community in the US

homework

•finish the summaries about Native American resistance

• Welcome back! I hope you had a good week off.• You may continue to complete work from the 1st 9 weeks if you

need to. It will not change your report card grade but it will increase your % so that when grades are averaged you will be in better shape.

• Remember that your semester grade is what goes on your transcript and counts towards your overall GPA. For this class, your semester grade will be calculated like this:

– 1st 9 weeks = 40%– 2nd 9 weeks = 40%– District essay final exam = 10%– District multiple choice exam = 10%

Warm up 10/15/12-this starts a new notebook

grade so begin on a new page

• Read the 2 paragraphs under the heading “Major Western Trails” p. 297

• Read about 1 of the 3 trails. Write down 4 facts.

Take out your pink packet

1st page should be complete.Back of page 3 should be complete

• We are completing front of page 2 today

• In the margin of page 2, write “Manifest Destiny”– Read p. 297 and explain what it means

Mountain Men• Sense of adventure; rugged individuals

• Lived by hunting and fur trading

• Provided information about the West for future settlement

• link between whites and Native Americans

Arizona Connection:

Bill Williams – Williams, AZ

Pauline Weaver – Weaver’s Needle in the Superstitions

Mormons• Church founded in 1830 in NY by Joseph Smith• Persecuted by religious and political groups• Smith & followers moved to OH and then IL• Began “trek” to West in 1846 led by Brigham

Young• Arrived in Salt Lake valley in 1847 – it was

Mexican territory at the time

Arizona Connection:

Mesa established in 1877 as a Mormon settlement

Miners• California Gold Rush – 1849

• Other Gold Rushes followed

• Silver and copper also discovered– the miners moved west east as lodes ran

out or new ones were discovered

Arizona Connection:

Tombstone, Bisbee, Globe, Jerome and many other towns began as mining settlements

Warm up 10/16/12• Read p. 460 “Tentacles of Steel”

• Using complete sentences, answer these 2 questions:

1.Why did the government begin to regulate

the railroads?

2.Why was the Southern Pacific Railroad

thought of as an octopus?

Railroad

• Write 3 facts from the video in the margin of the “Railroad” page

Railroads (map. 462)• America’s first BIG business

• Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1869 at Promontory Point Summit, Utah

• 1870-1890 - huge growth in western railroads

• Immigrants provided labor force

• Federal government gave companies land for each mile of track laid

And in Exchange…

• Railroads agreed to transport mail and soldiers at reduced rates

Effects of railroad construction• Faster & Easier to get across the country

• encouraged people to move onto the Great Plains

• Construction provided jobs for immigrants, especially Chinese and Irish

• Boosted US economy

• Physically united America

• Loss of buffalo severely hurt the Native Americans (the buffalo was their Super Wal-Mart)

Construction made possible by:

• Favorable terrain (except for those Rocky mountains!)

• Land grants from the Federal Govt

• Large number of immigrants looking for work

(especially Chinese & Irish)

Transcontinental Railroad

Central Pacific

California

Chinese Workers

Union Pacific

Irish Workers

One Effect of the Railroad

• Summary activity: In your notebook, under today’s warm up, write a 6 sentence paragraph with the following line as your topic sentence:

• “The railroads changed the American West in positive and negative ways.”

• Homework if you do not finish

warm up 10/17/12

• List the 3 M’s that traveled west

• List one benefit of the railroads.

Ranchers• Demand for beef skyrocketed after Civil War• Texas provided grassland good for ranching (Texas Longhorns)• Problem was getting cattle to market

– Problem solved when railroads reached Kansas

• “Long Drive” – huge herds moved from Texas to Kansas along cattle trails:

Goodnight – Loving, Chisholm, and other trails

“Myth of the cowboy” – independent, rugged life glamorized and became the subject of many films and TV shows (Western)

End of the Long Drive caused by:• Drought and blizzards, 1883-1887• Barbed Wire invented by Joseph Glidden• Railroad extended into Texas

hw read p. 303 – 307

• answer questions 2 – 4 in complete sentences

• Do work in your notebook

From her journal…

“Rose about five. Had early breakfast. Got my house work done about nine. Baked 6 loaves of bread. Made a kettle of mush and have now suet pudding and beef boiling…I have managed to put my clothes away and set my house in order. may the merciful be with me through the unexpected scene. Nine o’clock p.m. was delivered of another son.”

Marilla R. Washburn BaileyFrom an interview with her at age 87

“I was married at 15, and was not a good cook and housekeeper, but I knew how to take care of babies, from having cared for my brothers and sisters. I had ten babies of my own and never had any help…I could paddle my own canoe or handle a rowboat as well as an Indian…When my husband was away, I could hunt for the meat on which we lived, for I could handle a revolver or rifle as well as most men. I have shot bears, deer, and all sorts of smaller game. In fact, I became so expert with a revolver that at 50 or 100 feet I could beat most men.”

Farmers (a.k.a.Homesteaders)*Homestead Act of 1862

*160 acres of land for free

*If a settler would:– Live on the land for 5 years and cultivate the land– Improve the land– Build a house (12’x14’), with a window and door

Effect of the Homestead Act…

By 1900, 400,000 homesteaders had acquired farms

Exodusters – African American farmers who moved west in hope of gaining free land

map of plains states

Problems faced by settlers on the plains:

Difficult climate: Hot, dry summers; cold, severe winters; sudden, severe storms (hail, tornados)

• Few trees– Houses and fences difficult to build – sod for houses and

wire for fences– Fuel – burned “buffalo chips” for heating and cooking

• Root-filled soil• Few streams for transportation/ irrigation• Getting crops to markets in Eastern cities

Many farmers did not succeed in homesteading

Mary Richardson Walker• Missionary wife who moved in the 1830s to a

farm near Spokane, Washington

Her work day averaged 16 hours. She was responsible for washing, ironing, sewing [she made all the family’s clothes, including shoes], baking, making, soap and cheese, churning butter, dipping candles, weaving carpets, and salting and smoking meats.

New technology helped farmers

• Windmill• Steel plow (John Deere)• Barbed wire (Joseph Glidden)• Reaping machine (Cyrus McCormick)

• RailroadsOf these 5 inventions, which do you

think was most important for the farmer? Why?

warm up 10/26

• write 5 questions about the main ideas in Mr. West’s notes from Monday 10/22/12.

• turn notebook in

warm up 10/30/12

• See the chart on p. 227. Which of the 3 causes of the War of 1812 do you think most motivated Congress to declare war on GB? Why?

Impact of European-American expansion on native peoples.

• Under Pres. Jefferson’s policy, Native Americans could become farmers & join white society or move west of the Mississippi River

• Many gave up long-held tribal land and moved west

• British tried to rebuild their alliances with Native Americans and use them against the US during the War of 1812

• Tecumseh & his brother “the Prophet” tried unsuccessfully to unite the Indian tribes

In the margin, which choice would you have made? Why?

War of 1812 US vs GBCAUSES• US trade ships got caught in the middle of the conflict

between GB and France, hurt US economy• US ships were fired on by the British when US sailors

resisted impressment• GB encouraged Native American rebellion along the

frontier• US wanted to show that it was strong enough to not

be pushed around

EFFECTS – gained respect of GB and France

- national pride grew

- Native American resistance declined

In the margin, show the conflict US had with GB on the seas

In the margin, which effect do you think mattersthe most?

warm up 10/31/12

• If no borders were changed or land deals made, why is the War of 1812 considered a victory for the US over GB?

• If you were gone yesterday, get the notes & warm up from the bucket or your neighbor.

Alaska

Gadsden Purchase

MexicanCession

Oregon Country

TexasRevolution

Florida

LouisianaTerritory

Northwest Territory

Growth of America

All of the different groups of people adventuring westward and the war of 1812 helped the country grow.

• Let’s look at 5 different regions that became part of the United States thanks to westward expansion.

• stack your 3 pieces of paper so that there is about 1 inch of each piece showing

• fold the papers down so that now there are 6 tabs, fold your paper in half lengthwise

• Cut in ½ and share with your neighbor

On the top square, write …“America grew as a nation during the

time of westward expansion”

write the following on each edge

Northwest Territory p. 149 Oregon Country p. 300 Mexican Cession p. 310 - 311 Gadsden Purchase reading Alaska p. 552

For each area, you must include the following information:

• map for location

• date acquired by the US

• name of country the land was obtained from

• how the US got the land: purchase, treaty following war, treaty

Just lift up the flap, use your text to complete the information on the next slide. Add color to earn extra points.For Gadsden purchase, read the card of information, draw map & take notes on the event.

Due Thurs.

• map of area• how did we get this land?• when did it start getting

settled?

• Land Ordinance –

• Northwest Ordinance –

p. 149

• map of area• how & when did we get this

land?• how much did it cost?• why did Seward want it?• what ended up being a

benefit of adding it to the US?

• map of area• how did we get this land?• name of treaty• when did it start getting

settled?• how much did it cost?• What states did it become?

• map of area• how & when did we get this

land?• What did Polk say he

wanted?• what did Polk actually get?• who did we get it from?

p. 300

p. 552p. 310 - 311

Info for under 4 ofthe flaps.

warm up 11/1/12

• write the area acquired and the country we got it from

1. Oregon –

2. Northwest Territory –

3. Mexican Cession –

4. Gadsden Purchase –

5. Alaska –

Thursday 11/1 work

• Finish flip notes from Weds & tape, staple or glue into notebook

• HW – complete the matching worksheet & put into notebook

Friday 11/2/12

• Define assimilation

• Define manifest destiny

• cause and effect wkst – 15 pts– 1 pt each correct answer– 5 pts complete cause, event, result

• vocab matching 1 pt each correct answer– 28/2 = 14 pts max possible; round up if it is in

the notebook, round down if it is loose

• presidents during the early 1800s notes

11/7/12 warm upquiz for westward expansion – write the answers in

your notebook1. ______________ Doctrine told European

countries to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.2. Pres. _________ arranged the Louisiana

Purchase.3. __________ was purchased from Russia4. __________ was annexed.5. __________ was added after Mexico allowed

Americans to settle there.6. __________ was added after a treaty with G.B.7. ______________ - added to provide a southern

railroad route8. Spain gave the US ___________9. Mexican Cession occurred after a _________.

answers• 1. monroe doctrine• 2. jefferson• 3. alaska• 4. hawaii• 5. texas• 6. oregon• 7. Gadsen Purchase• 8. Florida• 9. War

England’s Industrial Revolution Affects the United States

(put this title on the top square)

• Read p. 251, explain Samuel Slater’s role in starting the American Industrial Revolution. How did he get to the US, what did he bring, what did he do when he arrived?

• Write this information on the front flap of your note packet under the title

5 tabs on note packet

• Factory system

• urbanization

• transportation

• inventions

• summary

Factory system p. 252 - 253

• Textiles –

• Lowell, Mass –

• Lowell girls -

refers to products used to make material which is then used to make clothing, carpet, etc.

40 mills with 10,000 loomscenter of textile industryall aspects of textile production occurred in 1 factory

most of the factory workers were young womencame from local farmsgood money but long hourslived in boardinghouses owned by the factories

Urbanization p. 253

• stats -

• north evolved from…

Transportation p. 253 - 255

• Canals –

• Steamboats –

• Railroads –

cheaper and faster than using wagonsmanufactured goods went West and farm goods went East

•Erie Canal connected Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean

Fulton – steam engine in boats very popular along the Mississippi & Ohio RiversMark Twain??

1830 – 23 miles of railroad track in US1840 – 3000 miles of trackreplaced canals as the best method of transporting people and goods

inventions• telegraph – p. 255

• cotton gin – p. 257

• interchangeable parts – allowed for mass production on assembly lines– examples: muskets

clocks production machines w/guages to insure

that all parts are exactly the same

Samuel Morse, sent messages using electricity, messages delivered immediately, quickly adopted by railroads and newspapers

-separated seeds out of the cotton so that cotton was worth growing-invented by Eli Whitney-made large-scale production of cotton possible-increased the need for slave labor-”King Cotton”

summary (closure for today’s lesson)

top ½ of paper, write a paragraph about what you see as transportation needs for the area you live in. What would you like to see, what would make your life easier?

bottom ½ of the paper, complete these 3 summary activities

• list 2 inventions• list 2 transportation improvements• explain urbanization

Westward quiz

1. Name one way America acquired new land.

2. Name one country the US got new land from.

3. What is manifest destiny?

4. Who were Lewis, Clark and Pike?

5. Why is the moving of Native Americans westward often called a “Trail of Tears”?