The Missing LinkThe Missing Link

Technology for the National Technology for the National Power GridPower GridDaniel Weisman Daniel Weisman

ChE 359 Technology PresentationChE 359 Technology Presentation

http://www.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/windfarm.jpghttp://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_plank/hybrid_plugin.jpg

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OutlineOutline

Discuss U.S. Energy SituationDiscuss U.S. Energy Situation Familiarize electric gridFamiliarize electric grid Challenges electric based Challenges electric based

transportationtransportation Technological SolutionsTechnological Solutions

High Temp. SuperconductivityHigh Temp. Superconductivity Flywheel Energy StorageFlywheel Energy Storage

ConclusionsConclusions

American Energy American Energy IndependenceIndependence

•Domestic Energy Generation = Domestic Energy Demand

•US Generates 21% of the World’s Electricity

•Import 70% of our Transportation Fuel

•Switch Transportation Energy Source from Fossil Fuels to Electricity

•Electricity Primarily Domestic Energy Source

The Missing LinkThe Missing Link

http://bergesmalu.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/nuclear-power-plant-9igh.jpg

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://...wikipedia

http://www.nationaleminentdomain.com/windfarm.jpg

http://gas2.org/files/2008/01/chevy-volt-concept-07.jpg

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The National Power Grid!

The Grid Right NowThe Grid Right Now

(From the U.S Department of Energy, 2004)

•April 2003, Industry Leaders Compose “Grid: 2030”

•Referred to grid as“ aging, inefficient, congested, and incapable of meeting future energy needs.”

•August 2003, Northeast Blackout

•Projected Increase in Electrical Demand (w/out plug-in autos).

Electric Transmission LossesElectric Transmission Losses

Lose ~7.2% of generated electricity Lose ~7.2% of generated electricity in transmission resistancein transmission resistance

Limited to regional electricity supplyLimited to regional electricity supply Locks away national renewable Locks away national renewable

resourcesresources Reduces National StabilityReduces National Stability Gasoline vs. Electricity in TexasGasoline vs. Electricity in Texas

Renewable Resources vs. Renewable Resources vs. PopulationPopulation

Wind Resources Solar Resources Population Density

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/ilands/fig13. html http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/ilands/fig11.html http://www.censuscd.com/images/lf-map.gif

-Cannot transfer renewable electricity to where its needed most

High Temperature High Temperature Superconducting WiresSuperconducting Wires

Wire display zero resistance at 37KWire display zero resistance at 37K Ytterbium based ceramic, YBaYtterbium based ceramic, YBa22CuCu33OO77

~0 Resistance losses~0 Resistance losses Compressed He – Liq. NCompressed He – Liq. N22

Positive Energy BalancePositive Energy Balance 150x more current150x more current 3-5x more power3-5x more power

Compared to Cu wireCompared to Cu wire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BaYCusuperconduct.jpg

Superconducting Pros and Superconducting Pros and ConsCons

ProsPros National access to National access to

resourcesresources National supply National supply

and demandand demand Reduced line lossesReduced line losses

ConsCons Expensive to Expensive to

manufacturemanufacture 220m requires 220m requires

150,000m of wire150,000m of wire No large scale No large scale

refrigeration refrigeration system yetsystem yet

Energy StorageEnergy Storage

Efficient use of renewable resourcesEfficient use of renewable resources Increase efficiency of existing plantsIncrease efficiency of existing plants Necessary to meet new peaksNecessary to meet new peaks Stabilize gridStabilize grid

http://www.caiso.com/outlook/ems_large.gif

Flywheel Energy StorageFlywheel Energy Storage

Transfer of kinetic-electric energyTransfer of kinetic-electric energy Electric Motor / GeneratorElectric Motor / Generator Large cylinders spin in near Large cylinders spin in near

frictionless vacuumfrictionless vacuum Superconducting bearingsSuperconducting bearings

http://www.ecogeek.org/images/stories/ProductPhoto_Flywheel.gif

Flywheel SpecsFlywheel Specs

Pilot plant integrating with gridPilot plant integrating with grid Wheel Weight 2500 LbsWheel Weight 2500 Lbs 16,000 rpm16,000 rpm Fiber glass, epoxy, carbon fiberFiber glass, epoxy, carbon fiber $200K per wheel$200K per wheel Daily household capacityDaily household capacity 85-90% Efficient85-90% Efficient

The Future of the Electric The Future of the Electric GridGrid

SuperconductivitySuperconductivity Gov’t must subsidize: Costly yet vitalGov’t must subsidize: Costly yet vital

Energy StorageEnergy Storage Market Stable: ProfitableMarket Stable: Profitable

Mandatory for Renewable/Plug-in Mandatory for Renewable/Plug-in HybridHybrid

Increased EfficiencyIncreased Efficiency RenewablesRenewables Existing PlantsExisting Plants

ReferencesReferences1-Energy Information Administration. U.S. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products. Released 1-Energy Information Administration. U.S. Imports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products. Released

Jul. 28 2008. U.S. Department of Energy. Nov. 2008.Jul. 28 2008. U.S. Department of Energy. Nov. 2008.http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_imp_dc_NUS-Z00_mbbl_a.htmhttp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_imp_dc_NUS-Z00_mbbl_a.htm

2-“Grid: 2030, A National Vision For Electricity’s Second 100 Years. Transforming the Grid to 2-“Grid: 2030, A National Vision For Electricity’s Second 100 Years. Transforming the Grid to Revolutionize Electric Power in North America.” U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Electric Revolutionize Electric Power in North America.” U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution. Released July 2003. Nov. 2008.Transmission and Distribution. Released July 2003. Nov. 2008.http://www.oe.energy.gov/DocumentsandMedia/Electric_Vision_Document.pdf http://www.oe.energy.gov/DocumentsandMedia/Electric_Vision_Document.pdf

3-“Technology Options for the Near and Long Term.” U.S. Climate Change Technology Program. 3-“Technology Options for the Near and Long Term.” U.S. Climate Change Technology Program. Released Nov. 2003. Nov. 2008. Released Nov. 2003. Nov. 2008. http://climatetechnology.gov/library/2003/tech-options/tech-options-1-3-2.pdfhttp://climatetechnology.gov/library/2003/tech-options/tech-options-1-3-2.pdf

4-“When Superconductivity Became Clear (to Some).” Chang, Kenneth. Jan. 8, 20008. New York 4-“When Superconductivity Became Clear (to Some).” Chang, Kenneth. Jan. 8, 20008. New York Times. Found on-line through LexisNexis.Times. Found on-line through LexisNexis.http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/us/lnacademic/search/homesubmitForm.dohttp://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/us/lnacademic/search/homesubmitForm.do

5-“ Transmission & Distribution - Transmission-Voltage HTS - a First for Long Island.” Varley, James. 5-“ Transmission & Distribution - Transmission-Voltage HTS - a First for Long Island.” Varley, James. Aug. 6 2008. Modern Power Systems. Copyright 2008 Wilmington Publishing Limited. Found on-Aug. 6 2008. Modern Power Systems. Copyright 2008 Wilmington Publishing Limited. Found on-line through LexisNexis. line through LexisNexis. http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T5221487614&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resdocLinkInd=true&risb=21_T5221487614&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T5221487617&cisb=22_T5221487616&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=16886ultsUrlKey=29_T5221487617&cisb=22_T5221487616&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=168861&docNo=31&docNo=3

6-“Reinventing the Flywheel: Giant Electricity Storage and Generation Units Might Help Power Grids 6-“Reinventing the Flywheel: Giant Electricity Storage and Generation Units Might Help Power Grids Run More Smoothly.” Bray, Hiawatha. Sept. 15 2008. The Boston Globe. Found on-line through Run More Smoothly.” Bray, Hiawatha. Sept. 15 2008. The Boston Globe. Found on-line through LexisNexis.LexisNexis.http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/us/lnacademic/search/homesubmitForm.dohttp://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/us/lnacademic/search/homesubmitForm.do

7-“The World Factbook.” Central Intelligence Agency. Revised Nov. 20 2008. 7-“The World Factbook.” Central Intelligence Agency. Revised Nov. 20 2008. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2038rank.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2038rank.html

8-The University of Texas at Austin-Center for Electro-mechanics. 8-The University of Texas at Austin-Center for Electro-mechanics. http://www.utexas.edu/research/cem/http://www.utexas.edu/research/cem/