.The Truth About Cuba.

Operation Brainwash ' Fills American Press— —— — — By Joseph Hansen —

First in a series of articles.

In th e ir plush skyscraper offices at 444 Madison A ve ­nue, high above M anhattan ’s famous street of hucksters, the editors and executives of one of the co u n try ’s most w ide ly circu la ted magazines were p lanning th e ir A p r il 25 issue. To anyone bu t these cynics, the problem m igh t have seemed tough. W here should they tu rn the crysta l ball? W hat was the most im portan t spot i/ i the w orld news?

Newsweek’s top forecasters d id n ’t take long to decide. Cuba, of course. The tin y , poverty-s tricken island of Cuba down there in the Caribbean ju s t n ine ty m iles from Florida.

This is the s ta rtlin g pred iction they pu t as No. 1 item in “ The Periscope,” tha t fast-reading dish of inside dope tha t keeps you “ Ahead of the News” :

"STATE D EPA RTM ENT — W ill Castro sever relations w ith the U.S. soon? Th is is h igh ly possible — maybe on May Day. Another possib ility fo r M ay Day, when 1.5 m illio n h igh ly vo la tile Cubans w il l be on the streets: A v io len t showdown between Cast r o and the grow ing opposition to his regime. S till another possib ility , according to well-p laced diplom ats: That Castro w il l unve il a num ber of R ed-bu ilt M IG je t fighters said to have a rrived on a Czech fre igh te r recently.”

That Was No PredictionWas the pred iction accurate? An honest question like

tha t is good fo r a laugh at 444 Madison Avenue. That was no prediction; i t was ba it fo r the suckers.

Some re lations were severed a ll r igh t. On A p r il 28 Guatemala severed d ip lom atic re lations w ith Cuba. U nited F ru it, a g ian t W all S treet monopoly, dominates Guatemala; U n ited F ru it also has large holdings in Cuba; U n ited F ru it doesn’t like Castro.

Was there a “ v io len t showdown” in Cuba M ay 1? No. Instead some 1,200,000 farm and c ity workers paraded in every c ity and tow n to demonstrate th e ir so lida rity and th e ir support of the governm ent they pu t in power through a popular revo lu tion like our revo lu tion of 1776.

D id Castro “ unve il a num ber of R ed-bu ilt M IG je t figh te rs” ? A l l Castro did was “ u n ve il” another school A p r il 29, a school converted from a m ilita ry barracks.

B u t i f you had read Newsweek’s “ p red ic tion ” w ith o u t stopping to th in k , w ou ld you have fe lt favo rab ly impressed by the Castro government? W ould you have fe lt like v is it­ing Cuba?

L e t’s sample something a l i t t le less slick. Not a “ pre­d ic tion ” hand-tooled by the Madison Avenue craftsmen, bu t a rough-ta lk ing ed ito ria l from the Sarasota, F lorida , Hera ld Tribune. I t was inserted in the A p r il 29 Congres­sional Record by Senator Russell B. Long, who represents Lou is iana ’s sugar-cane barons;

Image of “ The Enemy”“ The Cuban regime has fa iled to honor its in te rna tiona l

agreements, has bruta lized its own citizens, and is not w o rthy of the d ip lom atic recognition the U.S. G overnm ent has extended . . .

' “ Castro has turned Cuba in to an armed camp, w ith even ch ildren and parents d r ill in g in the streets. He has spent m illions of dollars fo r w ar m ateria ls in Europe, and ¿s even ■ now concluding a deal w ith Communist Poland t<S: obtain Russian-bu ilt je t a ircra ft.

“ How long are we going to continue to subsidize th is d ic ta torsh ip w ith m illions of dollars in paym ent fo r sugar at prices above the w orld market? H ow long are we going to continue to lend prestige to th is s tru ttin g megalomaniac by extending fo rm a l d ip lom atic recognition?”

The propaganda has a deadly fa m ilia r ring. I t is the language used to create a hated image in your m ind — the image of The Enemy. The calculation is tha t i f ' enough loaded words like these are fed to the public, and the pub lic is not given a chance to hear the intended v ic tim , then everybody w i l l agree tha t The Enem y should be CRUSHED — even i f i t ’s a l i t t le country like Cuba,, no bigger than Pennsylvania.

W hy are the b illio n a ire monopolists, the Madison A ve­nue hucksters and the Southern racists so concerned over Cuba? W hy do they w an t to break off d ip lom atic relations and smash the new government?

The tru th is tha t the Cuban revo lu tion wounded them where i t hurts most — in the pocketbook. They are a fra id the Cuban example w i l l spread throughout L a tin America. They fear i t w i l l he lp strengthen the struggle fo r Negro equa lity in the U n ited States.

THE MILITANTPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Vol. X X IV — No. 19 NEW YORK, N. Y., M O N D A Y. M A Y 9. I960 Price 10c

F o r P resident

FAR RELL DOBBS, 52, pres­idential candidate of the So­cialist Workers party, is a former organizer for the Teamsters Union. In 1934, he was a leader of truckdrivers' strikes in Minneapolis that helped pave the way for the rise of the CIO. Dobbs was im ­prisoned under the Smith Act in 1944 for socialist opposition to the war.

Turkish Youth Demand End to Dictatorial Rule

By Lillian Kiezel

The heroic struggle led by s tu ­dents tha t ousted South Korean d ic ta to r Rhee has fired Turk ish students w ith the s p ir it o f free ­dom. In T u rke y ’s m a jo r cities — Istanbul, A nkara , Iz m ir and Erzurum — thousands o f youths have, since A p r i l 28, led demon­strations against P rem ier Adnan Menderes’ police-state rule.

S ix demonstrators have been k ille d and over 100 in ju red (ac­cording to unoffic ia l press esti­mates). O ver 2,000 student s it- downers, inc lud ing 100 women, at Istanbul U n ive rs ity w h ich had been o'rdered closed, were herd­ed by troops to governm ent arm y camps and detained. They had held out fo r more than 18 hours. A no ther thousand, arrested in other parts of the c ity , were also sent to these camps.

Menderes described the dem­onstrators as “ id lers . . . 3,000 to 5,000 schoolboys and jobless peo­ple” who are “ tools” of “ p ro ­vocateurs” and “ lia rs .”

On M ay 1, the day prior to the North Atlantic Treaty A l­liance (NATO ) meeting in Is­tanbul, Menderes declared a 24-hour curfew and ordered

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Contributions Pick Up; Bigger Push Is Needed

By Tom Kerry

C ontributions picked up a tr if le this past week bu t not nearly enough to close the gap between the amount received to date and the amount we should have received at th is po in t in the campaign.

H aving passed the ha lf-w ay po in t in the three-m onth drive, we should be w ith in 54 per cent o f our goal. Instead the figure stands at 34 per cent. A lthough contribu tions fo r the week in ­creased over the previous week the percentage gap widened. Last week we were 16 per cent behind. This week 20 per cent.

I f th is trend continues we are going to be in serious trouble. C ontributions fo r the second h a lf o f th e ca m p a ig n w il l have to be substantia lly h igher each week to narrow the w idening percentage gap. W hile at the be­g inn ing of the campaign i t re ­qu ired w eekly fund con tribu ­tions of $1,231 to m ain ta in our percentage at 100, now, because o f the lag i t w il l requ ire a m in i­m um o f $1,743 to catch up and fin ish on time.

Connecticut now heads the lis t in the $16,000 socialist fund scoreboard. Several o f the com­rades from Connecticut attended our New Y ork M ay Day meet­ing. They were probably so in ­

spired tha t they dug deep to b ring up th e ir place on the scoreboard. New Y o rk is second w ith 51 per cent. The New Y ork comrades must have become in ­fected w ith the M ay Day s p ir it aiso.

The New York May Day meeting was the most spirited rally I have attended in a very long time. In addition to the speeches, the singing, the warmth of spirit and feeling of solidarity, what impressed me was the generous response of the audience to the Collec­tion speech by the chairman.

W hat he d id was to present in concrete term s the problem of a small pa rty invo lved in an im ­portan t elpction campaign. The Socialist W orkers pa rty in New York, as in other areas, is faced w ith the problem o f ge tting the pa rty on the ba llo t so tha t voters seeking a genuine a lte rna tive to the cap ita lis t p a rty hacks can cast th e ir ballots fo r socialist candidates.

The response o f the M ay Day audience to the appeal fo r help to get the SWP on the ba llo t in New Y o rk was magnificent. We w ish tha t a ll readers o f the M i l i ­ta n t could have been present. I f they had been, we are sure th e ir response to our appeal fo r con­tr ibu tions to our socialist fund would be equally generous.

We w an t to acknowledge re ­ceipt, this week o f a $15 C9n tr i- bu tion from a supporter who w rites : “ To be used by the SWP however i t secs fit.” A nd signed: “ A fr iend in Long Island.” Also from a fr ie n d in Canada a $5 b ill w ith the message: “ I t was sent through me by a ve ry fine m il i­tan t w o rke r w ho is a great ad­m ire r o f everyth ing about the SWP.”

We appreciate these express­ions of support from our many friends especially when accom­panied by a sm all token o f th e ir so lida rity .

We know th a t a ll o f the areas are cognizant o f the need fo r extra e ffo rt to overcome the lag in fund contributions. A note from D etro it, fo r example, say­ing: “ I had hoped we w ou ld be at the ha lf-w ay m ark by th is tim e bu t some o f the pledges are coming in slow. However, I am sure we w on’t have any troub le meeting the fund goal on tim e.” W ith on ly s ix more weeks to go, speed is o f the essence.

Planned Public HealthThe U.S. Pub lic H ealth Serv­

ice reports th a t fo r the past fo u r years there has been a surplus o f polio vaccine in the w in te r and spring fo llow ed by a. shortage in the summer.

Dobbs Opens Campaign W ith TV Defense of CubaMyra Weiss Reports on Sit-In Fight

NEW YO R K — The Southern Negro ba ttle fo r equality, the struggles against ty ranny in Korea and T urkey — these events, so heartening to social­ists, inspired a M ay Day ra lly here.

H ig h lig h t o f the meeting, w hich was attended by more than 200 people, was a report on the Southern s it- in movement by M yra Tanner Weiss, Socialist W orkers party vice-presidentia l nominee, ju s t returned from a tour o f Southern campuses.

The rally, sponsored by the New York Committee for Dobbs and Weiss and the N.Y. Stale Students for Dobbs and Weiss Committee, also showed that important independent so­cialist backing is shaping up for the SWP presidential cam­paign.

Declarations of support to the ticke t were made at the ra lly by E lino r Ferry , M u rie l M cAvoy, Fred Mazelis ^ n d W illia m A. Price, adm in is tra tive com m ittee members of the recently dis­solved U n ited Independent-So­c ia lis t Committee. A message of so lida rity was read from the d is­tinguished c iv il r igh ts attorney, Conrad Lynn .

Mrs. Weiss gave a s tirr in g ac­count of the m any young c iv il- rights fighters she had m et and discussed w ith in the South. She cited th e ir rem arkable courage in the face o f racist te rro r and th e ir absolute determ ination to achieve fu l l equa lity . A t H am p­ton Ins titu te , she reported, the students have l i t a torch at the school gate “ as a sym bol o f th e ir determ ination never to subm it to Jim Crow again.”

She pledged tha t a centra l pa rt o f her campaign w ou ld be to ra lly pub lic support to the s tu ­dents’ cause.

M YR A TANNER WEISS, vice-presidential candidate of the Socialist Workers party.

C u b a ’s Soldiers H e lp B u ild Homes

Unlike the United States where the main government preoccupation is stockpiling H- bombs and building intercontinental rocket missiles, Cuba's new government is building decent homes for workers and campesinos as rapidly as possible.

The National Institute of Agrarian Reform supplies the concrete at low cost and shows those who are going to move into the new homes how to make it a do-it-yourself project. Cuba's soldiers roll up their sleeves and pitch in, too.

% M i li ta n t p h o to b y J. H .

In the photo above, three soldiers place rods in forms for concrete slabs. When finished these w ill be put together to make walls and roof.

The new housing projects are much less pretentious than are usually seen in the United Slates but are solidly constructed in the most modern architectural styles and are artistic­ally finished in attractive pastel colors that make them seem an integral part of the balmy tropical countryside.

AFL-CIO Vote to

Unions in Canada Organize Labor Party

M O N TR EAL, Canada — The m ajor plans and some o f the pro ject draw ings fo r the con­s truction of a Canadian labor party ' were signed and sealed fo r its o ffic ia l launching next year at the th ird constitu tiona l convention o f the Canadian Labor1 Congress, w h ich m et here A p r il 25-29.

The 1,600 delegates of the Canadian section of the A FL- CIO represent 1,458,576 work­ers. Their decision to throw labor's weight into the politi­cal arena marks a turn of great import for Canada's fu ­ture government. The move can also have big repercus­sions in the United States as American t r a d e unionists study the example set by their Canadian brothers.I t was a tum ultuous and emo­

tio n a lly charged demonstration, fo r the delegates fe lt , tha t they were at last beginning an ef­fective answer to the an tilabor campaign tha t has (been m oun t­ed against unionism in Canada.

Monitors,' Suing Hoffa, Aim Low Blow at Union

By C. Thomas

M A Y 3 — When the U nited States C ourt of Appeals yester­day granted a postponement in the tr ia l o f Teamsters Union president, James Hoffa, the fra n tic campaign to “ get Hoffa” by hook or crook — m ostly by c r o o k — w a s tem pora rily slowed down, i

Hoffa was scheduled to go on tr ia l yesterday in a c iv il su it charged w ith the misuse of union funds. The action was b rought by the Board o f M on i­tors set up in February 1"958, by Judge F. D ickinson Letts o f the U.S. D is tric t C ourt of the D is­tr ic t o f Columbia, to supervise the affa irs of the Teamsters Union. The aim o f the su it— the sole aim and purpose so fa r as th is w r ite r can determ ine— was to remove Hoffa from office and from mem bership in the union, i f possible.

The “ ho ly crusade” to get Hoffa bccame so p u tr id tha t the stench recently im pelled a group o f congressmen to a ir the whole matter on the floor of the

House o f Representatives. A fte r investigating the record, one congressman stigm atized the m on ito r setup as a “ legalized racket under the supervision of a federal judge.”

Another openly charged: " It is no longer a mere rumor and/or gossip to hear charges that the monitors have set out to destroy the Teamsters Union." Yet another called for an investigation of 'the actions of Judge Letts leading to his impeachment for per­petrating a travesty on jus­tice.

The bu lk o f the proceedings o f the House of Representatives on A p r il 13 was taken up w ith discussion and debate on the m on ito r scandal in the Team­sters U nion — yet, a v ir tu a l news b lackout was imposed by the d a ily pres? w h ich greets every a ttack on Hoffa and the

As the m otion was put and the vole ta llied, the en tire assembly sprang to its feet to a fanfare o f cheers and w h istle ¿alls. C onfe tti scattered th rough the a ir. The strains of the national anthem “ O Canada” tha t rose from one section o f the floor ■were soon overwhelm ed w ith the resounding chorus of labor’s tra d itio n a l song, “ S o lida rity Forever.” '

A t no tim e was the issue in doubt. So overw helm ing was the de term ination and -en thus i­asm o f the delegates to get the new pa rty underw ay and pu t a labor governm ent in to the capita l a t O ttawa th a t not one CLC officer o r rank ing union o ffic ia l spoke among the 36 dele­gates who took the m ike. O f those who spoke, 32 favored the reso lu tion tha t instructs the executive officers of Canada’s un ited C IO -A F L union move­m ent to prepare a founding con­vention w ith representatives of the Co-operative C o m m o n - w ealth Federation (CCF). O nly three were opposed and one took no stand.

When- the vote revealed tha t less than a score of the 1,600 delegates Were opposed or were abstaining, CLC p r e s i d e n t Claude Jodoin cried out, “ H u r­rah fo r the Congress,” “ H u r­rah fo r the new.' pa rty .” Taken up by the delegates, the cheers echoed through the halls of the Queen E lizabeth Hotel,

The po litica l education report was introduced and adopted on the th ird day bu t everyth ing b u ilt up to it, and fo r a ll the im portance of subsequent ses­sions i t was the c lim ax o f the convention.• On the very eve of the con­vention the delegates of the powerful United Steelworkers of America held a pre-con­vention. There, they roundly rebuked their visiting inter­national president David J. McDonald for his blunt state­ment of "disapproval of their plans to back an independent labor party.W hen Canadian d irecto r W il­

liam Mahoney of the steel union called fo r a standing vote on a resolution asking a ll Can­adian locals to set up po litica l action committees to b u ild upTeamsters U nion w ith scream­

ing heads' bu t does not consider | support fo r the new labor party new sw orthy a m a jo r expose of i t was carried w ith o u t dissent.

(Continued on Page 4 ) . -D espite constitu tiona l bars o f

the in te rna tiona l unions, locals o f such organizations as In te r­na tiona l Typographical, C ar­penters, Teamsters and Commercial

Telegraphers, have signed declarations in the past year supporting the new party.

In his opening address to the CLC assembly President Claude Jodoin scored those w ho “ say th a t d irect pa rtic ipa tion in po li-

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Large British Union Says 'Ban the Bomb’

The ban-the-bom b movem ent in. Great B r ita in was given add­ed strength when the nationa l executive com m ittee o f the Am algam ated E n g i n e e r i n g Union, second largest un ion in the country, approved a resolu­tion M ay 4 demanding an end to the m anufacture, testing and s tockp iling o f nuclear weapons and e lim ina tion o f m issile bases. The union has almost a m illio n members. The T ransport and General W orkers Union, w ith 1,300,000 members, has a lready taken the same stand.

Million Hear LA Telecasts

B y D e lla Rossa

LOS ANG ELES, M ay 1—The tru th about the Cuban revo lu ­tion was\ b rought to more than a m illio n people here th is w eek­end as F a rre ll Dobbs, presiden­tia l nominee o f the Socialist W orkers party , opened a na­tiona l speaking tou r intended to combat the campaign of smear and slander insp ired by the State D epartm ent against Cuba. Dobbs recently re tu rned from a v is it to Cuba, where he studied the revo lu tion a t firs t hand.

A press conference on his arrival in Los Angeles F r i­day was covered by three major TV stations and by the three major daily papers. A ll three TV interviews, devoted largely to the Cuban issue, were carried on widely viewed dinner-hour newscasts.Last n igh t Dobbs addressed

an overflow M ay Day ra lly o f the Socialist W orkers pa rty and tom orrow n igh t he is scheduled to be in te rv iew ed on the popu­la r T V program, the Tom D ug­gan show. He has been in v ite d to address tw o college campus groups and a trade-un ion gath­ering.

Telecasts

“ The on ly presidential* candi­date who supports the Cuban revo lu tion . T h a t’s how F a rre ll Dobbs o f the Socia list W orkers p a rty described h im se lf in Los Angeles today,” reported Ed F leming over K ABC .

-He also reported Dobbs’ statement that while Cuba is not at this stage organizing a socialist society, "the new revolutionary government of Cuba is undertaking to or­ganize a whole series of re­forms for the benefit of the people."

Jay E llio t o f K T L A asked: “ M r. Dobbs, since you r rccent t r ip to Cuba do you believe F ide l Castro is a C om m unist or in any w ay C om m unist-in­fluenced?”

“ I found no evidence tha t the Castro regime in Cuba is a Com m unist - dominated regime as has been charged,” rep lied Dobbs. “ On the contrary, m y impression was th a t the Com­m unist pa rty in Cuba has been essentially by-passed in . the revo lu tion — tha t the leaders in the revo lu tion are men and women indigenous to the L a tin Am erican scene w ho have risen out o f the necessities o f the people in th e ir struggle there.”

Asked i f U.S. reporters had free access to news, in Cuba and i f he thought they were repo rt­ing the news accurately, Dobbs said:

“ I th in k they are g iv ing a one-sided, slanted repo rt tha t serves the aspirations o f the w ea lthy and does not g ive an accurate p ic tu re o f w ha t is re a lly happening in Cuba.”

He added that he had found absolutely no evidence of curbs on freedom of the press

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Korean Students Protest Stalling on N ew Elections

By H arry Ring

M A Y 4 — New student dem­onstrations erupted in South Korea as the “ caretaker” gov­ernm ent headed by ex-d ic ta to r Rhee’s hand-picked successor, H uh Chung, maneuvered to post­pone the elections tha t were promised when Rhee was ousted.

In Pusan, 20,000 high school and college students demon­strated in defiance o f m artia l law decrees three days in a row demanding the resignation o f the N ational Assembly. S im ila r dem­onstrations were held in other cities. In Seoul, students halted tra ffic w ith a s it-dow n in the street in fro n t o f the N ational Assembly. They were routed by troops using tear gas.

Huh has prom ised democratic reform s and a “ clean-up” o f the g ra ft-r idden U.S. aid program w hich is the p rinc ipa l prop of the South Korean ru lin g class. Meanwhile, he is trying to stall

new elections by keeping the N a­tiona l Assembly engaged in p ro ­tracted debate on constitu tiona l revisions w hich w ou ld a llegedly p rovide the basis fo r elections.

D eclaring itse lf even m ore “ anti-C om m unist” than the ra b ­id ly reactionary Rhee regime, H uh ’s cabinet includes the pres­ident and v ice-governor o f the Bank o f Korea and at least three people who held office under Rhee. H uh h im se lf he ld m a jo r posts under, Rhee and was his appointed M ayor o f Seoul.

The inclusion o f the bankers in the cabinet makes a m ockery o f H uh ’s pledge to clean-up the aid program. The b u lk o f the $4 b ill io n w h ich has been poured in to the country has gone d ire c t­ly in to the pockets o f h igh gov­ernm ent offic ia ls in th e ir ca­pacity as heads o f p riva te firm s. The B ank o f Korea has been

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Pag« Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, May 9, 1980

Rank-and-File Opinions Liven Up Union Paper

By George Breitman

D ETR O IT — Anyone who reads several un ion papers knows how d u ll most of them are. They are short on im agination and l iv e li­ness; a regu lar reader can usually te ll w ha t the artic les say before reading them. I t ’s not tha t they are incompetent jo u rn a lis tica lly ; the fla t­ness comes, I th in k , from the fac t tha t they present on ly one po in t o f v iew , tha t of the officials, in the fo rm of artic les signed by them or w ritte n about them, quoting copiously from th e ir speeches and statements. A ltoge ther ab­sent is any expression o f the feelings, hopes, grievances and illusions of the rank and fil.e w orkers these unions are supposed to be repre­senting.

So fa r I am ta lk in g about the national labor press. Local union papers used to be better, re flecting some o f the opinions o f local mem­bers, especially in the fo rm of le tte rs to the ed itor. B u t most o f them have been flattened ou t and turned in to grey l it t le carbon copies of the na tiona l papers, m a irily fea tu ring canned m a te ria l from the nationa l office.

A notable exception in M ichigan is the Searchlight, p u t out every other week by U AW Local 659 in F lin t, the biggest of the GM locals. Its appearance is noth ing exceptional; its ed it­ors do not spend much tim e correcting gram m ar or punctuation; and most of the space is given to reporting of news and views from the loca l’s plants and d istricts, together w ith artic les and le tte rs by members.

A nd ye t th is paper is a live and readable in a w ay you never find in the more expensively and professionally edited na tiona l papers. Take the A p r il 21 issue as an example:

The headline story, w ritte n by ed ito r D ick A ustin , reports tha t the Local 659 Jo in t Council delegates took the unusual step o f vo ting not to send delegates to the coming state A F L -C IO convention because the local’s convention fund is in the red. The question may be reconsidered at a special meeting. M eanw hile A ustin reports the pros and cons, and then quotes a num ber of questions w h ich he has heard are being asked by the members:

“ W hat does the Local do w ith a ll the money they take in? Do they w ant to raise dues again? . . . W hy is i t necessary to send so many dele­gates to these conventions in the firs t place? . . . Some members fe lt the State A F L -C IO con­vention was not im portan t enough fo r the Local to go fu r th e r in the red; they fe lt th is was ju s t a po litica l convention to a llow b ig -tim e p o lit i­cians to address b ig crowds of union members.”

The Stepping StoneIn another artic le , Peter H. Turner, of

Maintenance, N ights, asks: “ Who was the elec­tr ic ia n who was seen in G regory’s on B a llinge r H ighw ay last Saturday n igh t w ith a couple of members of supervision. From the news I got, he to ld the waitress, ‘I w an t them to have the biggest steaks you have in the house and give me the b ill, they are m y guests.’ This man is qu ite high in the sk illed trades union movement. A l l I can say is, i f you w ant to go on supervision •— go ahead, b u t don’t use the union fo r a step­p ing stone.”

A n unsigned a rtic le exults over the 659 team ’s w inn ing the U A W basketball league championship and then complains: “ The Local w ou ld not even buy a ba ll fo r them to p lay w ith , they had to buy th e ir own. In regard to suits, they d idn ’t expect complete suits bu t at least the local could have furn ished shirts. W hat happened to the new shirts tha t the local bought last year? No one seems to know. Maybe it w ou ld be good i f th is were checked on . . .”

In his report from P lan t 2, Days, Crisco says: “ I see there is a s trike fund report in the last issue of the S o lida rity (U AW in ternationa l paper). W hat I can't understand about i t is the balance. Does th is include w ha t we never got tha t was coming to us or was i t lost? I sure never could find out.”

Bernard L. Pasco, P lan t 6, Days, pleads fo r members to give a do lla r fo r COPE and ex­presses the R eutherite line w ith o u t fancy tr im ­mings: “ There are those who w ould have you believe that you r COPE do lla r goes solely to support Dem. candidates. This is not so . . . The records show we have supported some Rep. in the past and w il l do so again i f the ir records w a rran t i t . . . We do not expect nor w ant a candidate tha t is solely fo r labor bu t we do w ant and demand a candidate fo r the w elfare of a ll the people.”

Jack Palm er packs several punches in an artic le, W hat A ils the U nion Movement? “ The ch iefta ins of labor are balding, paunchy, faces lined w ith w rink les, smug w ith soft l iv in g and like a ll elder people set in th e ir conservative groove.” These “ tired old men” have little ' ap­peal fo r the younger generation o f workers, whp are faced w ith “ the greatest problems of a ll. They are A utom ation, Peace and Politics.”

Hits Link with DemocratsHe denies another mem ber’s cla im tha t “ the

U AW has been successful in po litics.” He says the younger members w e ll m igh t ask: “ Labor supported M ayor Egan and C ity Manager C ar­te r and d idn ’t they sell us out on the w ater- sewage tax? Labor supported the Democrats in M ichigan who jo ined hands w ith Republicans to put a sales tax on the ballo t, d idn ’t they? D idn ’t labor support scores of senators from both par­ties in Congress, who voted to cut ou r throats w ith the Lan d ru m -G riffin B ill? ” A nd he asks: “ Is i t any wonder the younger members th in k tha t union po litics is like a p ile of m anure; the deeper you get in , the more it stinks?”

Palm er concludes by repeating his previous proposal, “ that our union select 20 to 50 m etro­po litan centers and run union members fo r Congress, w ith o u t the label of Democrat or Republican,” and by asking the members to discuss and debate th is proposal “ i f we hope to w in the young men to unionism .”

In the V-8 engine p lan t column, Jack Burton expla ins w hy he refused a suggestion b lank from a forem an who said he m igh t w in $5,000 from GM fo r a good suggestion. B urton says he doesn't w ant to make money at the cost of someone else’s job. “ A few weeks ago a union bro ther to ld me he heard of an employe tu rn ­ing in a suggestion to e lim inate some of our brothers’ jobs. M y God, I thought, have we got a Judas here at the V-8 plant? . . . Please! Don’t m isunderstand me, I ’m not te llin g you not to tu rn in a suggestion. Sure you may, but don’t do i t i f you th in k i t w ou ld e lim inate a b ro the r’s job. M y friends, I th in k we have got enough autom ation as it is now. Don’t you th in k ¿0? . . . I hope I have not offended anyone w ith th is a rtic le .” The a rtic le contains many b ib lica l quotations, bu t somehow we don’t th in k GM w il l be happy about it.

The Searchlight p robably is unusual be­cause Local 659 is unusual, never having been fu l ly brainwashed by the Reuther machine. B u t a ll w orkers ’ papers could be im proved consid­erab ly i f they w ould set aside at least one page where rank-and-file members w ould be free to question, c ritic ize and suggest. I th in k the M ilita n t, too, w ould be be tte r i f the le tters de­partm ent could be greatly expanded.

...AFL-CIO Unions in Canada

«

The Most Unpopular War in U.S. HistoryD id They Survive 6Police A ction ’?

Three Korean children try to get a litile warmth in the ruins of Seoul. The time is December 1952. Hundreds of thous­ands of children like them were left homeless by the U.S. "police action," as Pres. Truman designated the Korean War.

The children were the "most pitiful" victims, according to a N.Y. World-Telegram reporter, of "the bombs of their pro­tectors, the Americans." Many of them died of wounds, ex­posure or starvation. A ll told, five million Koreans perished during the war. 1----------

(C on tinued fro m Page 1) tica l issues th rough a pa rticu la r p a rty is something fo re ign to the labor movement. N oth ing could be fu r th e r from the tru th . . . to rem ain w ith d ra w n from pa rtic ipa tion in p o lit ica l life is the exception ra the r than the ru le .”

H it t in g ou t against the a n ti­labor Progressive Conservative p a rty and the L ib e ra l pa rty (Canadian counterparts o f the Republican and Dem ocratic par­ties in the U.S.), he declared th a t n o t on ly has labor the r ig h t bu t i t has “ a respons ib ility to he lp p rovide the people of th e ir coun try w ith an opportu ­n ity to exercise a m ean ing fu l Choice as to th e ir representa­tio n in parliam ent and the leg­islatures and m un ic ipa l coun­cils.

'T o argue as some do that there is no room for politics is to argue that there is no room for life itself in the labor movement. How can we," he asked, ''as trade unionists, rule out of our lives all the tissues in which we have such a great slake and which we can never resolve

at the bargaining t a b l e alone?"Steel leader Eamon P ark in ­

troduced the p o litica l education com m ittee’s repo rt as an “ h is­to ric decision w hich m ay change the course of Canadian po litica l h is to ry .” The new p a rty is needed, he to ld the delegates, “ to create a sense o f realism — we must end the Tweedle-dee and Tweedle-dum of L ibera ls and Tories.”

The 40-man delegation of the In te rna tiona l Brotherhood of E lectrica l W orkers w alked out in a body before a d inner hour recess to demonstrate opposition to any pa rt o f its per capita dues “ being used or channeled to the fo rm a tion o r assistance of any po litica l pa rty .”

B u t thè effect of th e ir absten­tion was undercut. W hen IBEW delegate Angus MacDonald de­live red th e ir statement th a t “ the pa rty w ou ld be de trim enta l to tfceir continued advancement and w e lfa re ” he expressed his personal hope th a t the IB E W ’s 30,000 Canadian members w ould heed the convention action and change th e ir minds.

The on ly other no tew orthy

opposition was th a t expressed by B ritish Colum bia B o ile rm ak­ers’ secretary and delegate B il l S tew art. He voiced one o f the varia tions o f the Communist pa rty position, w h ich has been one of opposition to the Labor party. S tew art la id down as a condition o f support the ad­m ission o f the independent un­ions th a t have been undemo- c ra tica lly barred from p a rtic i­pation in the party.

Behind the CP u ltim a tu m tha t i t be a federated pa rty open to its partic ipa tion , lies its real support o f the reactionary D ief- enbaker governm ent. The CP hopes to w iden the Canadian governm ent’s tactica l differences w ith its B ritish and U.S. allies in the in terest o f “ peaceful co­existence.” I t also argues fo r an a ll-inc lus ive , non-class “ peo­ple ’s m ovem ent” instead o f an independent labor party .

P u lp and S ulph ite union delegate Macphee o f B ritis h Co­lum bia touched on the question o f program. A proposed d ra ft draw n up by the jo in t CLC-CCF com m ittee is a lready being c ir ­culated th rough un ion locals and CCF clubs. R eferring to a previous discussion on drug price-gouging during w h ich a

, delegate called fo r socialization o f the industry , Macphee ex­pressed the v iew th a t a demo­c ra tica lly contro lled plânned

. economy is needed in the in ­terests o f the w o rk in g people to resolve the m ounting crises o f capitalism . He stressed the acuteness o f the problems created by autom ation and pointed to the danger o f atom ic destruction should another w ar break out.

The acceptance o f the new pa rty by the nationa l CCF con­vention to be held in Regina in August is a certa in ty . There­a fte r the long postponed dis­cussion on the constitu tion and program w il l begin.

South Korea, w ith 22,655,000 people, received $293 m illio n in U.S. aid du ring 1959 w h ile In ­dia, w ith 397,540,000 people, re ­ceived on ly $106 m illio n .

By A rt Preis j(First in a series of articles.)

“ The Korean W ar is not only the most murderous and de­s truc tive w a r in h is to ry fo r the area and tim e involved, i t has also produced the biggest lies. U.S. im peria lism has lied about every aspect o f th is w ar, p o lit i­cal or m ilita ry .” That is w hat I w ro te in a rev iew o f the firs t year o f the Korean W ar, whose fo rm a l s ta rting date is g iven as June 25, 1950. I take th is occa­sion to rea ffirm tha t statement published in the M ilita n t of June 18, 1951.

E very propaganda claim made by W ashington and its U n ited ' Nations allies fo r th e ir in te r­vention in the Korean c iv il w ar was false. B u t th is deception fe ll short o f its aim. The ma­jo r ity o f the Am erican people — includ ing those w ho suffered and died in Korea — indicated h o s tility and opposition to the U.S. invasion o f Korea, sus­picion o f its aims and motives, disgust and shame at its con­sequences.

I t was the most unpopular war in American history. This was shown in every public opinion poll of the period and in the November 1&52 elections when the Korean War was the decisive factor contributing to the defeat of the Democratic machine after its twenty-year reign in the White House.

Most Am ericans reca ll the week o f June 25, 1950. as a b lu r o f events m oving at d izzy­ing speed. W ith in a few hours o f a rad io repo rt th a t N orth Korean troops had crossed the South Korean border, President T rum an announced tha t he had dispatched U.S. planes, warships and troops in w ha t he lig h t- m inded ly called a “ police ac­tio n ” to “ d e f e n d” South Korea. The U.S. State D epart­m ent rounded up sleepy-eyed members o f the U nited Nations S ecurity Council a fte r m idn igh t and stampeded them in to an im - m e d i a t e statem ent branding N o rth Korea an “ aggressor.” The Soviet bloc members were absent, having w ith d ra w n over another issue. Before the week was out. w ith o u t a declaration o f w ar by Congress and w ith ­out any expression o f w i l l by the Am erican people, U.S. troops were dying in Korea.

U.S. State D epartm ent propa­ganda labeled the clouded events in Korea an “ unprovoked aggression” by N orth Korea and by the Chinese People’s Repub­lic , a fte r the la tte r had entered the w a r w ith “ volunteers” in November 1950. Accord ing to Secretary of State Dean Ache- son, the U.S. a im was to “ estab­lish a free, independent and democratic Korea” by an armed in te rven tion th a t was to invo lve more than five m illio n members o f the U.S. armed forces and cost the U n ited States alone more than 150,000 battle casual­ties.

Most Americans were stunned at ou r sw ift, invo lvem ent in a w ar some nine thousand miles away in a land m any of them could no t qu ite place on the map. Korea, a peninsula ju t ­tin g south from M anchuria and touching S iberia on the n o rth ­east, had been seized by Japan in the Russo-Japanese w a r of 1905 and annexed in 1910.

A t the Potsdam Conference in Ju ly , 1945, a secret agreement had been made between the A llie d powers and the Soviet U nion to invade Korea and d i­vide i t along the 38th para lle l o f la titude. Soviet troops en­tered Korea on August 10, 1945; Am erican forces d id not begin th e ir occupation u n til Septem­ber 8, 1945. The Soviet U nion

A s trike th a t points up the grow ing an ti-labo r offensive in Canada has been in progress since Feb. 29 in Brandon, M an i­toba. I t involves Local 255, United Packinghouse W orkers and the Brandon Packers.

Recently, John Olver, presi­dent of Local 255 was ra il­roaded to prison for nine months on a trumped-up charge of assault and battery. He had been defending him ­self from an attack by three scabs.U nionists have been assaulted

at n igh t and arson has been com­m itted at O lve r’s home.

The police have attacked s trikers w ith clubs w h ile escort­ing scabs th rough the p icke t lines. The cops have w orked hand in glove w ith the company in its efforts to crush the strike, w hich has also been the target of a savage attack by the local da ily press, p a rticu la rly the Brandon Sun.

A large motorcade o f unionists from W innipeg w ent to Brandon in a dem onstration o f so lida rity w ith th e ir s tr ik in g brothers. The M anitoba Federation o f Labor has indicated its fu l l support tp the strike , bu t more support is

could have occupied a ll Korea. Instead, i t re ta ined contro l over the northe rn ha lf, w ith nine m illio n population, and turned over the southern half, w ith 21 m illio n people, to the U.S. oc­cupiers.

W ith in tensification of the “ cold w ar,” the a rt if ic ia l d iv i­sion o f Korea was hardened in M ay 1948. The People’s Demo­cratic Republic o f Korea was established in N orth Korea un ­der the ru le o f the Korean Com m unist party . In South' Korea, the Republic o f Korea was set up under the U .S.-im ­posed puppet-d ic ta tor Syngman Rhee, who had lived in the U.S. fo r more than 40 years. He had been brought in to Korea and placed in pow er by the A m e r­ican M ilita ry Government.

Police TerrorThe poss ib ility o f a Korean

w ar had not been unforeseen. The M ilita n t in 1946 and 1947 carried several eyewitness ac­counts o f the horrors v is ited on

sthe Koreans under the U.S. oc­cupation. In add ition to de­scrib ing the w an t and starva­tion, B il l M organ reported in the March 15, 1947, M ilita n t on the savage oppression he saw in the po rt c ity of Pusan:

“ In a few days our crew learned more about the police. We saw them beating w orkers— men and women and ch ild ren— every day. We had never seen so much cold-blooded b ru ta lity . We had heard about life being cheap in the O rient. No m atte r how often you hear these words, they are meaningless u n t i l you face the real th ing . These po­lice, organized and tra ined by the Japanese im peria lists, are masters in the a rt o f to rtu re , brutes sk illed in Judo, profes­sional k ille rs armed w ith the latest type o f Am erican and Japanese guns. These police now w o rk under the d irection o f the Am erican authorities . . . they fo rm the storm troopers of the new puppet governm ent set up by L ieu t. Gen. John B. Hodges in Seoul. . . .

"Evidence of a powerful class struggle is everywhere. The American brass hats and the Korean police have not been able to prevent strikes. Trade union leaders are ar­rested and tortured, but the struggle goes on day and night. Many workers are armed and fight to maintain the independence of their towns and villages. Free elec­tions are banned. . .A glimpse o f the type o f

“ democracy” p reva iling in the new Republic o f Korea was g iven by W a lte r S u llivan in the February 1 and 2, 1950 New Y o rk Times. South Korea was a police state. Concentration camps, to rtu re and m urder were the ch ie f methods o f po litica l rule. “ T o rtu re appears to be the accepted practice,” said S u l­livan. He reported tha t many p rom inent people were “ dying •under police and arm y to rtu re .” He cited the o ffic ia l figure of 40,000 p o lit ica l prisoners. In his February 1 dispatch, S u lli­van reported:

'Human Flesh Distribution'“ On Jan. 17, several as­

semblymen brought th e ir g rie v ­ances against the police in to the open — an action tha t today demands courage. One referred to w ha t critics o f the police call, ‘the hum an flesh d is tr ib u tio n case’ tha t occurred last Septem­ber [1949] at Mokpo, seaport at the southwest corner o f Korea. Escaped and recaptured prison­ers a llegedly were shot on the doorsteps of various citizens and le ft there, apparently as an ob­ject lesson.”

Just a fte rNthe fu ll-sca le K o r-

needed i f the s tr ike is no t to be broken.

Dozens o f scabs have been im ­ported from backw ard ru ra l areas in the province w ith the promise of jobs. Some have suc­ceeded in entering the p lan t and are m a in ta in ing p a rtia l opera­tions.

To th e ir credit, many farm ers have refused to deal w ith B ran ­don Packers, even though B ran ­don is o ffering them h igher- than-usual prices.

The company has officially "fired" the strikers, number­ing about 115, and is carrying on a propaganda campaign to win "public" support for its union-busting drive.

The- company’s campaign is backed by the reactionary P ro ­v inc ia l Conservative G overn­ment o f P rem ier Robbins. O n ly broad, m ilita n t and un ited w o rk - ing-class action can h a lt th is a t­tack w h ich could create a dan­gerous union-smashing patte rn tha t w ou ld in e v ita b ly h it other unions. >

The w orkers o f Local 255 ap­pear determ ined to c a r r y through the struggle despite the heavy odds th e y face. F o r th is they deserve the g ra titude of w orkers everywhere.

can c iv il w a r broke out, Stan­ley Earl, Economic Cooperation A d m in is tra tion Labor A dv iso r in Korea, re tu rned to the U n i­ted States and threatened to “ b low the lid o ff” the fr ig h tfu l conditions o f the w orkers in South Korea. Earl, a fo rm er secretary: treasurer of the O re­gon State CIO, said in an in ­te rv iew on Ju ly 14, 1950, that the “ w orkers had no fa ith in the co rrup t union leadership of the governm ent-contro lled un­ions, o r in the w brd of the gov­ernm ent itse lf in ad justing grievances.”

He said: "Last year theRhee government put 150.000 people with families in jail. The prisons are bulging . . .I went through them . . . The workers are oppressed, suppressed and regimented."

( C ontinued fro m Page I ) in Cuba or restrictions on access to news.

Station K N X reported Dobbs as declaring about the SWP’s p la tfo rm : “ The w ealth - of the nation, the b u lk o f the budget, should go fo r the benefit o f the people. There should be homes b u ilt in th is country. There should be a vast, im provem ent in the m edical program , there should be a vast im provem ent in the educational program.

“ W hat we should do in the U n ited States is w hat they are doing in Cuba, where they are converting the m ilita ry ba r­racks in to schools so the c h il­dren can have school fac ilities u n til they get some new schools b u ilt.”

Asked w h e t h e r Russia w ou ldn ’t “ take over the w o rld ” i f the U.S. adopted such a p ro ­gram, Dobbs declared: “ Thegreatest th rea t o f w ar today comes from th is country. . . . Not from Russia. A nd I ’m not a supporter o f the S ta lin is t re ­gime.”

A t the M ay Day ra lly , where a large portion o f the audience o f 150 were yo.uths, Dobbs shared the p la tfo rm w ith E rro ll Banks, Socialist W orkers con­gressional candidate in the T w e n ty -th ird D is tric t, and Su­zanne Weiss, a teen-age spokes­man fo r the Young Socialist A lliance.

A t the ra lly , Dobbs scored E isenhower’s com pla in t tha t U.S. citizens who invested th e ir “ savings” in Cuba have been denied th e ir legal rights. U.S. capita lists exp lo ited the country b ru ta lly , Dobbs charged, and worked hand in glove w ith the Batista regime, w h ich m urdered 20,000 Cubans.

Dobbs also debunked the claim that internal rebellion is now developing in Cuba. "We found in the country a peaceful, orderly atmosphere," he said. "The people were industriously and enthusi­astically engaged in building for their future. That was the norm, the atmosphere, the cli­mate we found.

The fact tha t the arm y has been pu t to. w o rk and tha t the w orkers and peasants are given arms, is the best testim ony to the genuineness o f the new Cuban democracy, he said. He also cited a Cuban proposal tha t Dom inican d ic ta to r T ru jil lo give arms to the people o f tha t coun try “ and then le t’s see who supports w ha t regim e.”

D eclaring his agreement w ith the Cuban charge th a t the State D epartm ent is a im ing at a

He added tha t the average w o rke r earned $2.50 a month, w h ile the rice supply fo r an av­erage fa m ily o f five fo r a m onth cost fo u r times tha t amount.

Rhee Backers Defeated

In spite o f the ja ilings, to r ­tures and m urders o f his oppon­ents, Rhee’s supporters were dis­astrously defeated in the M ay 31, 1950 elections. Rhee’s pa rty w on on ly 45 o f the more than 200 seats in the South Korean parliam ent. Rhee was slated fo r the po litica l scrap heap less than a m onth before N orth Korea’s alleged “ unprovoked aggression” gave h im the pre­te x t fo r establishing his m i l i ­t a r y d ic ta torsh ip a n d fo r slaughtering scores of thousands in South Korea as “ Com m unist spies” and “ in filtra to rs .”

Guatem ala-type ove rth row o f the Castro governm ent, he said his v is it had convinced h im tha t the Cuban people w ou ld resist any invasion to the death.

He stressed th a t U.S. labor has a v ita l stake in defending the Cuban revo lu tion and tha t the un ion m ovem ent should ex­tend the same so lid a rity to the Cuban w orkers tha t they w ould to a s tr ik in g fe llo w union.

He strong ly urged unions, N e­gro and student organizations to send delegations to Cuba and declared tha t they w ou ld not on ly receive a w arm welcome bu t w ou ld see something they could believe in and w ould w an t to defend.

Stand on ChessmanBefore ad journ ing, the m eet­

ing voted to send a w ire to Gov. B row n dem anding he use the powers o f his office to save C ary l Chessman fro m “ the v in d ic tive ju d ic ia l m urder aw a iting h im ” on M ay 2. Chessman, said the w ire , had “ a lready been subject­ed to unconstitu tiona l, crue l and unusual punishm ent.”

tw o years before the outbreak o f the Korean W ar, The M ilitant? featured a front-page ed itoria l,' “ Korea — The N ext Step,” w h ich noted tha t “ Am erican im ­peria lism ’s m ilita ry p i n c e r s around the Soviet U nion w il l be tightened in the Far East w ith a so-called ‘a id -to -Korea ’ program . . . I t is p a rt o f a tre ­mendous plan ‘fo r stopping Com m unist expansion’ . . . I t is a fu r th e r long step down the road to w a r against the Soviet U nion and suppression o f a ll revo lu tiona ry struggles fo r free­dom. \ . .”

N a tu ra lly i t was not possible to p red ic t precisely the develop­m ent o f the Korean events. These were hastened by the tre ­mendous Chinese revo lu tion . The explosion o f the Chinese people in 1949 shattered the ro t­ten regime o f d ic ta to r Chiang Kai-shek. Th is butcher, whc> had been given more than $4V2 b illio n in U.S. funds and arms a fte r W orld W ar I I was d riven o ff the Chinese m ain land and fled to Formosa (now called Ta iw an) w here he established his ru le a fte r a te rr ib le blood­le ttin g o f the Formosan people.

Despite the tremendous U.S. aid, the Chinese N a tiona lis t G overnm ent had fa llen o f its ow n w e igh t and disintegrated. The Chinese S ta lin is t regim e in the coun try ’s in te rio r w h ich had been seeking an a lliance w ith Chiang, took over and filled the vo id le ft by C hiang’s re trea ting forces. M uch o f C hiang’s U.S.- supplied arms fe ll in to the hands o f the Chinese Red A rm y.

In August 1949, the T rum an adm in is tra tion fe lt im pelled to exp la in the catastrophic defeat facing Chiang, then alm ost cor­nered along southern C hina’s coastland. Secretary o f State Acheson issued a “ W h ite Paper” w h ich fo r the firs t tim e re ­vealed th a t State D epartm ent investigators as fa r back as 1943 and 1944 had reported on the “ incompetence and co rrup tion ” of the Chinese ru lin g clique.

The report had described “ the scramble fo r place and pow er” inside the Chiang regim e and K uom in tang p a rty and the “ economic de te rio ra tion ” and “ m a ladm in is tra tion ” e v e r y ­where in N a tiona lis t China. The country, i t was disclosed, “ was in the g rip o f the reactionaries who w e r e ind istingu ishab le from the w ar lords of the past.”

Acheson's "W hite Paper" also explained why it was inad­visable for the U.S. to "inter­vene m ilitarily on a major scale to assist the Nationalists to destroy the Communists." While this policy "may look attractive theoretically," Ache­son glumly admitted, " th e ' American people would not have sanctioned such a colos­sal commitment of our armies in 1945 or later."B y June 1950, however, A m ­

erican im peria lism was pre­pared fo r such a “ colossal com­m itm e n t” in a desperate ven­tu re to re trieve something from the Chinese revo lu tiona ry tide, even w ith o u t the sanction of the A m erican people. T ha t is w h y T rum an was so qu ick to th rus t th is coun try in to the Korean struggle. Korea was the last re ­m ain ing m ain land beachhead fo r m ilita ry assault on the Chinese revo lu tion . The Korean events, in tu rn , gave T rum an a p re text fo r assuming the de­fense o f the Chiang regime on Formosa and m a in ta in ing h im as a c o u n t e r-re vo lu tio n a ry th rea t to the Chinese people.

(Next week: Opposition atHome to the Korean War.)

Socialist Fund ScoreboardCity Quota Paid Percent

Connecticut $ 100 $ 94 94New Y o rk 4,300 2,194 51D e tro it 625 284 46 ‘Chicago 800 325 41D enver 60 24 40Los Angeles 4,500 1,473 33Bay A rea 925 260 28Cleveland 650 184 28San Diego 245 68 28St. Louis 80 20 25M ilw aukee 300 70 23Boston 350 60 17P hiladelph ia 400 54 14T w in Cities 1,700 235 14N ew ark 265 34 13A llen tow n 110 10 9Seattle 500 30 6P ittsburgh , 10 0 0General 80 20 25

Tota l th rough/

M ay 3 $16,000 $5,439 CO 4*

It's Special During Election

To help w in a w ide r audience fo r the tru th about such b ig issues as independent p o litica l action, the struggle fo r Negro equa lity , the freedom figh t of coun­tries like Cuba, the g row ing movement fo r a w o rld of peace and abundance, w e ’re m aking a special sub­scrip tion offer du ring the election campaign. A fu l l 26 . weeks fo r on ly 50 cents!

We hope you ’l l continue to subscribe to A m erica ’s figh ting socialist newspaper a fte r you ’ve read i t fo r 26- weeks, bu t there ’s no obligation.

The M ilitant116 University PlaceNew York 3, N. Y.

Yes, I ’d like to take advantage o f your special election offer. Enclosed is 50 cents fo r a 26-week subscription.

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Strikers in Manitoba M eet Attack on Union

By Gerry McKinney

On M arch 29, 1947, m ore than

...Dobbs Opens Campaign

Monday, May 9, 1960 T H E M I L I T A N T Page Three.......... ■ i.

S u b s c rip tio n : $3 a y e a r; C a­nad ia n , $3.SO; fo re ig n , $4.50. t h e MILITANT Second class postage pa id

a t New Y o rk , N. Y .

E d ito r : JO S E P H H A N S E N M anag ing E d ito r : D A N IE L R O BER TS Business M anage r: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P u b lish ed w eek ly by the M ili ta n t P u b lis h in g Assn., 116 U n iv e rs ity PI., N. Y . 3, N. Y . P hone: CH 3-2140.S igned a r tic le s by c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t n ece ssa rily rep resen t the M ili ta r ie s po lic ies . These are expressed in e d ito r ia ls .

Vol. X X IV — No. 19 Monday, M ay 9, 1960

The Murder of Caryl ChessmanThe execution of C ary l Chessman

M ay 2 was an act of prem editated, cold­blooded m urder by the highest po licy­makers of the Am erican ru lin g class. The w o rld knows tha t a fte r the state o f 'C a li­fo rn ia subm itted Chessman to tw e lve years of unprecedented agony — eleven years in Death Row, seven “ f in a l” decisions fo r execution and seven postponements — the U.S. State D epartm ent in effect ordered an eighth postponement tw o m onths ago. The purpose was to gain tim e to calculate the pros and cons of gassing Chessman to death from the po in t of v iew of the in flu ­ence th is m igh t have on the w o rld po litica l s ituation.

A fte r Chessman was executed, the Sydney Sun in A us tra lia declared: “ H a rd ly anyth ing can equal the cynicism w h ich could reprieve Chessman tw o months ago fo r po litica l reasons bu t a llow h im to die when those reasons no longer exist.” The m ain po in t of th is observation is correct: the decision to reprieve and the decision to k i l l were po litica l decisions.

The reasons fo r th is are obvious. The Chessman case became a m a jo r w o rld p o lit ica l issue. Specifically i t became a focal po in t of w hat the monopoly press calls “ a wave of an ti-Am erican ism abroad.” Th is was due in part to the fact tha t Chess­m an’s eloquent pen had carried his story beyond Cell 2455, beyond the usual cu r­ta in of silence behind w h ich cap ita lis t society q u ie tly in flic ts its punishm ent on v ic tim s of laws made by the rich and pow­e rfu l against the poor and defenseless.

Chessman’s story aroused deep sym­pathy in every corner of the globe; i t aroused grave doubt tha t he had been given a fa ir t r ia l and rev iew ; i t aroused suspicion tha t the hideous practice of capita l punishm ent was being compounded w ith a lynch s p ir it based on the bureau­cra tic axiom tha t the state makes no m is­takes, or at least m ust never adm it to any; and, i t aroused a great revu ls ion against the b ru te savagery o f cap ita l punishment.

There is t ru ly h is to ric justice in the fact tha t m illions of people have identified th e ir hatred and ho rro r of capita l punish­m ent w ith hatred fo r the ru le rs of the U n ited States and ho rro r of its latest deed. I t is id le to argue th a t since cap ita l punish­m ent is a fte r a ll practiced in m any coun­

tries, w h y p ick on the U.S.? To the masses of you th dem onstrating against tyrannies tha t are backed by U.S. dollars and arms, the ru le rs of the U.S. personify a ll th a t is b ru ta l, oppressive, greedy and heartless.

I t m ay also be asked: w hy single out th is one deed? Hasn’t Am erican capitalism fa r more hideous crimes to answer for? B y the decision of one arrogant l i t t le man the ru le rs of the U nited States executed w ith o u t w arn ing, and w ith no other p u r­pose than to te r r ify and cow a ll of m an­k ind , close to a quarte r of a m illio n men, women and ch ild ren at H irosh im a and Nagasaki.

Again, the U.S. ru le rs in tervened in the Korean c iv il w a r under the sole au th ­o r ity of tw o men — firs t a Democratic, than a Republican president — and mas-

. sacred over five m illio n Koreans as w e ll as 54,000 G I’s. A nd the execution of the Rosenbergs was a clear case of p o litica l m urder calculated to b ring the Korean co ld-w ar frenzy to its highest pitch.

The po in t is tha t the execution of Chessman has become the concentrated sym bol of a ll the c rim in a l deeds of the Am erican cap ita lis t ru lers. H um an ity cried out fo r justice and mercy fo i^h im ,and the U.S. ru le rs gave back a stone ofarrogant contem pt fo r the opinion of man­kind. In th is i t was true to its innerm ostnature. The State D epartm ent dangledChessman w ith one hand over the p it of ob liv ion and weighed w o rld opinion w ith the other. I t f in a lly decided th a t i t was enough to w a it u n t il E isenhower had pass­ed a c r it ic a l area of his L a tin Am erican tou r — and then drop Chessman in to the p it.

No wonder the w o rld ig horrified : Press comment in Rio De Janeiro — “ The U nited States justice is against tne w o rld ;” in Germ any — “ In h u m a n ity !” ; in I ta ly — “ an atrocious crim e;” in Denm ark — “ a loathsome dram a;” in France — “ a parody of justice .” In Equador, h igh school stu­dents cried: “ Down w ith the Yankees! Assassins! C rim ina ls !” In U ruguay they shouted: “ Yankee m urderers !”

The Am erican ru lin g class can con­tinue to clam or tha t Chessman was ju s tly executed; m ankind has form ed a d iffe ren t ve rd ic t, and tha t ve rd ic t we believe w i l l stand.

China and the SummitAs the sum m it meeting of the A m e ri­

can, B ritish , French and Soviet heads of state draws near, the Chinese Com m unist pa rty continues to express rad ica lly d iffe r­ent opinions than the Khrushchev regime on the questions of W estern im peria lism ’s d rive to w ar and of “ peaceful coexistence.” (See excerpts on th is page from the a rtic le in Hongqi, organ of the C entra l C om m ittee of the CCP.)

The points on w h ich Peking has ex­pressed sharp disagreement w ith the K re m lin — w ithou t, however, tak ing issue w ith the Soviet Com m unist pa rty by name — are as fo llows:

The T w en tie th Congress of the Com­m un is t pa rty of the Soviet Union in 1956 declared outdated the Len in is t be lie f tha t the d rive to w ar is inev itab le so long as capita lism continues to exist. Under the conditions of a new w o rld re la tion of forces fo llo w in g W orld W ar I I , the Congress said, cap ita lis t countries can be persuaded to abandon w a r and to coexist peacefu lly w ith the countries tha t have overth row n capitalism .

In line w ith th is policy, the K re m lin has, since K hrushchev’s v is it to the U.S. last September, depicted W ashington’s course as “ genuinely in favor of peace” and consistent w ith the new re a lity of the nuclear age w h ich has made w ar “ impos­sible.”

The Chinese CP leaders v igorously re­jec t these notions. They argue tha t A m e ri­can big business has not changed its im ­pe ria lis t course; tha t i t has even stepped up its w ar d rive ; tha t “ peace” ta lk by the State D epartm ent m ere ly screens the d rive to w a r and represents a “ tw o-faced” tactic.

The Chinese de ta il a num ber of w a r­like moves made by the U.S. governm ent as re fu ta tion of the g lib ta lk of achieving lasting peace under capitalism . Above a ll, they insist tha t W ashington’s re fusa l to recognize China and its maintenance of m ilita ry bases on China ’s borders disprove the contention tha t the po licy of Am erican im peria lism has changed.

They also argue tha t L e n in ’s analysis of the dynam ics of the im pe ria lis t system as a breeder of w a r retains its fu l l v a lid ity ; th a t im peria lism is incapable of a lte ring its fundam enta l character, and tha t w h ile any lessening of in te rna tiona l tensions should be welcomed and peaceful coexist­ence should be urged, i t is “ clear tha t E isenhower and his k in d w i l l never lay ctown th e ir bu tcher’s knives. U.S. im p e ria l­ism being w ha t i t is w i l l ce rta in ly not

abandon its po licy of war. The peace w h ich U.S. im peria lism seeks is noth ing bu t peace w ith U.S. global dom ination . . . a peace in w h ich socialism is elim inated, revo lutions in a ll countries are ‘s tr ic tly verboten’ and the peoples of the w o rld subm issively knuckle under to the oppression and ex­p lo ita tion of U.S. monopoly cap ita l.”

The Chinese' CP spokesmen also take issue w ith the Tw en tie th Congress revision of the Len in is t concept of the road to w orke rs ’ power and its adoption of an ex­p lic it ly re fo rm is t position. W ith o u t men­tion ing the Tw en tie th Congress, the C h in­ese spell out the Len in is t v iew of the class struggle and revo lu tion ; they underscore tha t the peoples of colonial countries m ust take the revo lu tiona ry road i f they w ish to be r id of im pe ria lis t dom ination.

They also v iew the struggle fo r peace as inseparable from the revo lu tiona ry struggle of the w o rk ing class against capi­ta lism and the colonial people against im peria lism : “ A l l these struggles, each m erg ing w ith the other, w i l l p lay an ever greater pa rt in b locking w ar preparations and w ar-m aking by the im pe ria lis t forces.”

The M ilita n t has ca re fu lly reported the stand of the Chinese Com m unist party . (See issues of Oct. 12, Nov. 30, Dec. 14, 21 and 28, _ 1959.) We have made clear tha t despite our thorough going disagreement w ith the Chinese CP leaders on m any questions, we believe they are absolutely r ig h t in th e ir appraisal of the real po licy of Am erican im peria lism . We th in k the Chinese have every r ig h t to be w orried about a reactionary “ sum m it” deal behind closed doors at the expense of th e ir coun­try . Such a deal w ou ld help no one bu t the im p e ria lis t w a r makers, despite any i l lu ­sions of the K re m lin bureaucrats to the contrary.

In the meantime, the A m erican Com­m un is t p a rty continues to rem ain s ilent about the position of the Chinese CP. The W orker and P o litica l A ffa irs have not even reported the Chinese v iew po in t le t alone commented on it.

Considering tha t the dispute between Peking and the K re m lin is over the ques­tion of the character and po licy of A m e ri­can im peria lism and w hat a ttitude the Am erican w o rk ing class should take tow ­ards it, isn ’t such silence inexplicable?

I t m ust also be noted tha t a s im ila r silence has a fflic ted other rad ica l pub lica­tions like the N ationa l G uardian and the M o n th ly Review. Isn ’t i t h igh tim e tha t th is debate be reported and fra n k ly dis­cussed in the A m erican rad ica l press?

When "Coexistence" Flowered in Asia

Chinese Premier Chou En-lai (left, holding bouquet) at 1955 Bandung Conference of Asian and African nations. Next to him is former Indonesian Premier Sastroamidjojo. A t Con­ference, the Chinese CP leaders said "peaceful coexistence" was possible among independent nations in Asia and among the major powers throughout the world, regardless of differences in social systems. Since then pro-capitalist regimes in India and Indonesia have adopted hostile stands toward China.

Capitalist System Breeds War Says Chinese CP, Citing Lenin

(For the in fo rm ation o f our readers we are p rin tin g the fo l­low ing excerpts from an artic le , “ Im peria lism — Source of W ar in Modern Times and the Path o f the People’s S truggle fo r Peace,” by Yu Chao-Li. I t firs t appeared in the A p r il 1 is­sue o f H ongqi (Red Flag), fo r t ­n ig h tly magazine of the Central Com m ittee o f the Chinese Com­m unist pa rty , to commemorate the n ine tie th anniversary of Len in ’s b irth . The a rtic le was published in English in the A p r il 12 P e k i n g Review.— Editor.)

Len in taugh t us tha t in the era o f im peria lism , the im ­pe ria lis t system is the source of war. Im pe ria lis t w ar is a continuation o f its po licy of aggression and enslavement. In times o f peace, the im peria lis ts always pursue a w hole set of policies fo r the continuous ex­tension of the ru le o f monopoly capital. The exp lo ita tion and oppression of th e ir peoples at home, th e ir dom ination and p lunder o f the colonies and semi-colonies and the r iv a lry among m onopoly cap ita l groups in various countries do in fact breed new wars. To the im ­perialists, peace is no more than an in te rva l between wars. Tak-

. . . Turkey(C on tinued fro m Page 1)

the troops to "open fire" on student demonstrators.

Embarrassed U.S. State De­partm ent offic ia ls had “ no com­m ent” to make. B u t on M ay 2 President Eisenhower, speaking at a dinner, described how U.S. fo re ign aid had turned T urkey in to “ a bastion o f freedom .”

L ike South Korea, T urkey has received massive U.S. economic and m ilita ry aid ($2 b illio n ) since 1947 w ith w h ich i t sup­ports a m ilita ry force o f 440,000 men out o f a 25-m illion popula­tion. T u rkey borders on the So­v ie t Union. I t has im portan t N ATO a ir and naval bases and a large radar station, used to observe Soviet movements. A N ATO rocket base is to be con­structed on Turk ish soil.

Despite Menderes’ th rea t of heavy reprisals, 3,000 yo u th fu l demonstrators appeared outside N A T O ’s opening session on M ay 2. They clashed w ith soldiers in fu l l v iew of reporters and N ATO officials, ju s t as Secretary of State C hris tian H erte r a rrived on the scene.

“ The troops w en t in to action w ith th e ir rifle bu tts ,” reported the Associated Press. “ Shouts [o f “ H u rr iy e t” — “ Freedom” ] arose and a banner appeared. Sudden­ly the crowd broke and scatter­ed.”

Some form of struggle against Menderes " had long been expected," according to the April 29 New York Times, because of "a lack of consumer goods, high prices and general poverty." The fact that it was headed by students "came as a surprise to observers."There are on ly 34,000 students

in T u rke y ’s universities and they “ have been tra d it io n a lly c lo is te r­ed, tak ing no p a rt and, m any thought, l it t le in terest in p o li­tics.”

They have been joined, how ­ever, by o ther sections o f the population, inc lud ing professors and lawyers. When 100 a tto r­neys, a ttired in long, b lack ju ­d ic ia l robes, attem pted to march from the Palace of Justice to the scene o f the N ATO conference, 30 o f them (24 men and six women) were arrested. Resent­m ent w h ich led to the demon­strations was tr iggered- by in ­tensified repressive measures decreed by Menderes.

ing advantage o f the in te rva l, they w o rk energetica lly to ex­pand th e ir arms and prepare fo r the next war. . . .

O f la te certa in representative figures in U.S. ru lin g circles seem to be paying greater lip service to peace than h ithe rto and p lay ing more peace games. They hope to create the illus ion among people th a t Eisenhower and his k ind are capable of “ lay ing dow n the butcher’skn ife and tu rn in g in to budd- has.” They w ant people to be­lieve th a t U.S. im peria lism w il l o ife r the g if t o f peace to the w orld .

W ill E isenhower and his like re a lly lay down th e ir butcher’s knives? Does U.S. im peria lism actua lly desire w o rld peace'?Facts are most eloquent. N u ­merous events have demon­strated tha t jug g lin g w ith peace, E isenhower and those like h im are ac tive ly preparing fo r war. . . .

[Thus] in th e ir electioneer­ing, the tw o m a jo r bourgeois p o litica l parties in the U nited States, the Democratic and Re­publican parties, are not cam­paigning on a program fo r peace and easing of in te rna tiona l ten ­sions bu t competing ,for be tter records in armaments expan­sion and w ar preparations. . . .

Facts show c learly tha t today, ju s t as Len in pointed out more than fo r ty years ago, the danger o f w ar s t i l l lies in the im p e ria l­is t system. . . . There has been no change w hatever in th is fu n ­damental nature o f im peria lism since the end o f W orld W ar II. I t is absolutely im perm issible fo r us to m istake certa in tac­tica l changes on the pa rt o f im ­peria lism fo r changes in the ve ry nature o f im peria lism . Im ­peria lism m ay adopt th is or tha t tactic at d iffe ren t periods, bu t i t w il l not change its nature, nor w il l i t a lte r its basic policies. . . .

Comrade Mao Tse-tung said: “ The propaganda about an an ti- Soviet w a r consists o f tw o as­pects. On the one hand, U.S. im peria lism is re a lly preparing a w a r against the Soviet U nion; the cu rren t ta lk about an anti- Soviet w a r and other an ti- Soviet propaganda is the p o lit i­cal p reparation fo r an an ti- Soviet war.

On the other hand, th is p ro ­paganda is a smokescreen p u t up by the U.S. reactionaries to cover up the m any real con­trad ictions U.S. im peria lism is now facing. These are the con­trad ictions between the U.S. re ­actionaries and the Am erican people and those between U.S. im peria lism and other cap ita lis t countries and colonial and sem i­colonial countries. A t present the U.S. slogan o f w aging an anti-S ovie t w ar actua lly means

period fo llo w in g the Second W orld W ar is the surging wave o f na tiona l independence m ove­ments in the colonial and semi­colonia l countries and the con­tinued suppression and use of armed force by im peria lism against them. . . .

In the im pe ria lis t countries, the broad masses, w ith the w o rk in g . class in the lead, are figh ting reso lu te ly fo r peace, fo r people’s democracy and fo r so­cialism . They are another im ­portan t and indispensable force in the peace movement. H av­ing experienced the hardships o f tw o w o rld wars, these people are not w illin g to figh t another.

The widespread popular sen­tim en t means tha t the enemies o f w o rld peace in e v ita b ly find themselves constantly encircled by the broad masses in th e ir ow n countries. The struggle o f the people o f West Germany against rearm am ent is deepen­ing w ith each passing day.

The J a p a n e s e people’s struggle against the “ Japan-U.S. S ecurity T re a ty ” is developing v igorously on a na tionw ide scale. The peoples o f the U n i­ted States, B rita in , France and Ita ly are m aking headway against the reactionary ru le o f the m onopoly cap ita lis t class, the m ilita r iza tio n o f th e ir bour­geois governments and the la t- te r’s plans fo r enslavement. A ll these struggles, each m erging w ith the other, w il l p lay an ever greater pa rt in b locking w ar preparations and w ar-m aking by the im pe ria lis t forces. . . .

th e American W ay of Life

ab ilities. W ith proper educa­tion ha rm fu l pre jud ice could be abolished. . . .

CONCLUSION

In our classroom we are a class fam ily . Three re lig ions and three races are represented. A ll the ch ild ren w o rk together and v is it each o ther’s homes. We help each other.

This is the w ay we w ould like to be. In our classroom th is is our d a ily life . We w ish th a t the outside w orld w ou ld enjoy our freedom.

You, the adults o f the w orld , are responsible fo r our safety, our lives. C h ild ren n e v e r started w ar. A du lts did, bu t ch ild ren suffer the most from them.

I f our D eclaration is to reach a ll the ch ild ren o f the w o rld there must be global peace.

A Bill of Rights for ChildrenOn the basis of a year’s co llective study, the s ix th

grade class at Roger Sherman School in New Haven, has w ritte n a B il l o f R ights fo r C hildren.

The youngsters presented their*- document to Congress, w h ich took no action except 10 p r in t the b ill o f righ ts in the appen­d ix of the Congressional Record (A p r il 28). To our knowledge, the national press has not re ­ported on it. <

The fo llow ing are excerpts:Every ch ild needs love. . . .

Therefore every ch ild should be loved regardless o f creed, color, sex, na tiona lity , or occupation of parents. . . .

Every ch ild should have the joy of p lan ting and w atching live th ings grow. . . .

Every ch ild is en titled to the k ind of l iv in g conditions tha t produce good health.

S ix hundred m illio n o f the w o rld ’s nine hundred m illio n ch ild ren are unhealthy because o f lack o f proper food, cloth ing, shelter and medical help. Asia w ith more than one h a lf o f the w o rld ’s population has less than one-fifth o f the w o rld ’s food. . . .The “ have” nations should share more generously th e ir blessings w ith the “ have no t” nations. . . .

Enough to Eat

E very ch ild should h a v e enough to eat. . . . E ve ry ­one should have adequate shel­ter. Slums should be rede­veloped in to p roperly equipped houses w ith p lay areas on green grass,. . . . M edicine should be d i s t r i b u t e d by governments where needed. I f governments cannot afford to do this, the U nited Nations should do so. . . .

Education for doctors and nurses should be free in every country so that there w ill be enough doctors. There are 900,000 doctors in the world, but we need twice as m any.. . .

To surv ive people w il l have to study how to get along w ith one another. People w il l have to learn about the w e ll-be ing of others. That is w hy we are con­cerned w ith ch ild ren the w orld over, not ju s t ourselves. . . .

Every ch ild should be taught how to w o rk w ith his hands as w e ll as his m ind. . . . Every ch ild should be taugh t not on ly facts, b u t also how to th in k fo r h im se lf and express his opinion.. . . C h ild ren should no t be overworked to help support a fam ily . . . . No one should be perm itted to take advantage of ch ildren. . . .

Every ch ild should have the oppo rtun ity of a free education through college, i f he qualifies.. . . Everyone should have equal righ ts because no one race is superior to another. Everyone should have equal righ ts to a fu l l education, according to his

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deeply invo lved in the aid sw in ­dle, co-operating w ith govern­ment figures in accepting col­lusive bids fo r 4the purchase o f U.S. dollars at a frac tion o f th e ir value.

“ South Korea ’s economy re ­mains a mess . . . the w ea lth o f the coun try resides in the gov­ernm ent, thanks to U.S. eco­nomic aid. This means a Korean seeking to im prove his lo t m ust seek a career in po litics o r the bureaucracy, a s itua tion th a t en­courages co rrup tion and se lf­perpetuation in office,” ex­plained the A p r il 28 W a ll S treet Journal.

Rhee’s police-state ru le opera­ted on behalf o f the co rrup t tim e-servers as w e ll as o f the landlords. The on ly steps taken by H uh so fa r to curb Rhee’s to ­ta lita ria n machine has been to dissolve the state-contro lled S tu ­dent Defense Corps and to ac­cept the resignation o f the nine p rov inc ia l governors and o f 21 police officials.

O bta in ing the police resigna­tions was no pa rticu la r feat. A t the he ight of the revo lu tion , most o f the cops h id th e ir u n i­form s and tr ie d to get lost. M any have ignored governm ent orders to re tu rn to du ty.

M eanw hile, Seoul newspapers report th a t socialists have been meeting in th a t c ity and in Pusan to fo rm a new pa rty in opposi­tion to the L ibera ls and Demo­crats. Both o ld parties are re ­ported to rn by dissension.

In Other Lands

Cuba Recalls Chicago MartyrsMillion Marchers Renew Their VowTo Defend Country

%Cuba celebrated M ay Day in

the s p ir it o f the H aym arket m artyrs, who gave th e ir lives on the gallows in Chicago as pa rt o f the socialist vanguard s trugg ling fo r a be tte r w orld .

Revolucion, newspaper o f the J u ly 26 Movement, commemo­rated the Am erican socialist m artyrs by repub lish ing Jose M a r ti’s account of the ir heroic deaths and the m ig h ty social struggle fo r the e igh t-hour day w h ich they led.

M a rti’s bu rn ing repo rt was dated “ New Y ork , 13 de N o v i­embre de 1887.” That was tw o days a fte r Parson, Spies, Fischer and Engel were executed by the Chicago capita lists and th e ir courts.

Cuba’s w orkers and campesi-the oppression o f the Am erican nos celebrated M ay Day in par-people and the expansion o f its aggressive forces in the cap ita l­is t w orld . . . .

When the w o rk in g c l a s s seized state power fo llo w in g the October Revolution, Len in said: “ N ow the struggle fo r peace has started. This is a d iff ic u lt struggle. W hoever has thought tha t i t is easy to a tta in peace, tha t one has on ly to m ention the w ord peace and the bour­geoisie w il l present i t on a s ilve r p la tte r is a ve ry naive person.” . . .

To s trive fo r and realize w o rld peace, resolute struggles m ust be waged against the im ­pe ria lis t po licy o f aggression and plunder. In the colonial and sem i-colonial countries, the masses of the oppressed figh ting fo r complete national independ­ence have battled unsw erv ing ly against colonialism , old and new.

They fo rm an im portan t and indispensable force in the peace movement. A feature o f the

ades th roughout the island. In Havana some 1,200,000 marched fo r e ight hours through the vast C iv ic Plaza before the re v ie w ­ing stand at the base o f the g iant statue of Jose M arti.

Tens of thousands of them had walked on foot to Havana to demonstrate their solidarity and complete support of the government they put in power after overthrowing the hated Batista dictatorship. They vowed to defend their revolu­tion with their lives if need be.F ide l Castro voiced th e ir fee l­

ings when he declared, “ A n y attack against ou r country w il l have to face . . . the most resolute resistance ever m et by an aggressor.”

He likew ise voiced the fee l­ings o f unnum bered thousands in other lands w hen he said tha t an a ttack w ou ld face “ re ­sistance also in a ll Am erica . . . and in a ll the w orld .”

R e fe rring to the s in is te r forces

who are p lo ttin g to smash the Cuban revo lu tion , he said: “ A revo lu tion tha t has the support o f a ll the honest men o f the w o rld w il l not be defeated. They m ust resign themselves, lest in th e ir s tup id a ttem pt to destroy it, they lose much more than they have lost already. The Cuban revo lu tion is a re a lity .”

The P rim e M in is te r warned tha t a p lo t m ay be cooking to make i t appear tha t Guantana­mo base, held by the A m erican navy, is being attacked. I t w ould be a self-attack, he said, a “ self-aggression.”

The Cuban governm ent, he said, “ is conscious o f the fact th a t its slanderers, in a state o f hysteria, m ay go so fa r as to p lo t a self-aggression. We w ant to make th is clear. I t may be tha t the w a r crim ina ls and mercenaries w il l find a p re ­te x t to a ttack our country. To those who are seeking pretexts, we say th a t we are not going to p rov ide them w ith any.”

Guatemala Breaks Relations with Cuba

M iguel Ydigoras, president of Guatemala, used a TV in te rv iew A p r il 28 to announce he was breaking o ff d ip lom atic re la ­tions w ith Cuba.

The move was apparently in response to Cuban Foreign M in ­ister Raul Roa’s revelations A p r il 24 tha t some 500 mercenaries are being tra ined on various farm s in Guatemala fo r an invasion a ttem pt on Cuba.

Among other items, Roa said that two B-26 light bombers had been flown from Miami to secret airports in Guatemala as part of the armaments be­ing stockpiled for the invasion.

Ydigoras, fu rious over the ex­posure, tr ie d to brazen i t out by c la im ing th a t the Castro govern­m ent was p lanning to invade Guatemala.

However, he demonstrated his unw illingness to le t the people o f Guatemala hear the Cuban rep ly to th is charge. He fo llow ed up the d ip lom atic break by fo rc ing Prensa Latina , a L a tin - Am erican press-w ire service to close its Guatemalan offices.

One o f the news reports car­ried by Prensa La tina w h ich Ydigoras apparently p re ferred to keep fro m the Guatemalan newspapers was th is statem ent by F ide l Castro:

“ W hat a coincidence th a t these charges [th a t Cuba intended to invade Guatemala] were made when 10,000 caballerías o f land [approx im ate ly 33,000 acres] be­longing to the U n ited F ru it Com­pany were transferred to Cuba. W hat a coincidence th a t the charges come from Guatemala, where U n ited F ru it is an a ll- pow erfu l in s titu tio n and where an invasion against a democratic governm ent was organized. N o­body can govern there today w ith o u t the support o f U n ited F ru it.”

A d v e rt is e m e n t

Labor Politics"Which Way for Labor:

Democratic Party or Labor Party?" by M urry Weiss.

B u lle tin No. 3 o f M a rx is t Studies. 22 pp. 25 cents.

Pioneer Publishers 116 University Place New York 3, N.Y.

CH IN ATHE CHINESE R EVO LU ­

T IO N , Problems and Perspec­tives, by Leon T ro tsky. A sam pling o f T ro tsky ’s views on a subject th a t fin a lly shook , the w orld . 22 pp. 350.

Pioneer Publishers 116 U n ive rs ity PI. New Y o rk 3$

Have Tories Recaptured New Hampshire?Editor:

W hen this, w r ite r was a raw re c ru it in the S ix th U.S. C avalry he firs t heard the story of E than A lle n and his Green M ounta in Boys and th e ir ga llan t capture o f F o rt Ticonderoga in the Rev­o lu tiona ry War.

N ew Ham pshire farm ers con­s titu ted a strong p a rt o f the forces tha t fough t w ith A llen , and they were death on the Tories, B u t ev idently the Tories have since recaptured New Ham pshire as indicated by the conviction and incarceration of th a t champion o f peace and freedom, Dr. W illa rd Uphaus.

W hen one th inks back to the early days o f the U.S. and the courage and ga lla n try o f men lik e E than A lle n and Tom Paine, i t is to w onder w ha t has happened to the country in the meantime.

I t is beyond m y comprehen­sion how a state w ith the re ­vo lu tio na ry trad itions o f New H am pshire can even .consider the im prisonm ent o f such a ga llan t man as Dr. Uphaus be­cause o f his refusal to be a stool pigeon.

I ’m beginning to wonder w hy I wasted so many years in the Spanish-Am erican W ar and the P h ilipp ine insurrection.

W hat a m iserable fraud “ A m ­

ericanism ” is. I fa ir ly seethe in rage at the s tu p id ity o f these modern so-called patriots. I t is evident tha t today i t is an honor to be a stool pigeon and, as shown by the Rosenberg case, refusal to “ ra t” on one’s friends means to subject oneself to to rtu re , im prisonm ent and even death.

A nd to th in k tha t once I was stup id enough to bear arms fo r a ll o f this.

Paul DennieLos Angeles

Warns of Sinister Anti-Liberties Bill Pending in SenateEditor:

I w ould like to b ring to the atten tion o f you r good paper and its readers a most danger­ous b i l l now pending in the Senate — S. 2652. This is an omnibus b i l l com piled by Sen­ator K ea ting (R-N.Y.) and Sen­ator Dodd (D-Conn.) — tw o freshmen Senators who are ap­pa ren tly try in g to make a name fo r themselves by figh ting against c iv il liberties.

S. 2652 combines the threats o f H.R. 1992 (extending the ap­p lica tion o f Chapter 37 of T it le 13 U.S. Code, re la ting to espion­age and censorship), w ith H.R. 6817 (extending the Foreign Agents R egistration A ct), w ith H.R. 2369 (broadening the defi­n itio n of - “.organize” in the

S m ith A ct), w ith H.R. 9069 (the w orst o f the various passport b ills pending before Congress).

A l l readers o f the M ilita n t should w rite th e ir Senators to be on guard against efforts by the chairm an o f the Jud ic ia ry Committee, Senator Eastland (D-Miss.) to push S. 2652.

Clark Foreman Director,Emergency C ivil Liberties Committee

Opposes Demand For Nationalizing Railroad IndustryEditor:

I don’t th in k socialists should advocate public ownership of thet ra ilroads at th is stage be­cause i t w ould m ere ly be a de­vice to make capita lism operate more e ffic ien tly .

In Canada I notice tha t there is a great 'deal of opin ion in favo r o f na tiona liz ing the re ­m ain ing p riva te ly-ow ned ra i l­roads, and i t is pointed out tha t to have both p riva te and state- owned railroads is a waste of the coun try ’s w ealth. I don’t th in k the Canadian socialists should get m ixed up w ith th is re fo rm th a t w ould m ere ly help the greater Canadian capitalists (and U.S. capita lism , w hich owns much indus try in Canada) at the expense of the ra ilroad capitalists.

G. P.New York

th e MILITANTV O LU M E X X IV M O N D A Y, M A Y 9, 1960 NUM B ER 19

George Stanton

The "Golden Years"By M ary McKay

“ We’re to ld w e’ve reached the ‘Golden Years,’ ” said the old man, speaking to the packed h a ll in one o f a na tion-w ide series of labor ra llies supporting health insurance fo r re tired workers.

“ W ell, take i t from one w ho got there,” he continued. “ There a in ’t much gold in them tha r ' h ills .”

“ There are those,” he continued, “ who say the Forand b il l is socialism. B u t they don’t th in k i t ’s socialism fo r an insurance company o r fo r B lue Cross to pay a hospita l b ill. ”

“ I f there is one th ing w e ' re tired people have,” he said, “ i t ’s tim e. I assure you tha t we are ready to give th a t tim e to support the C ouncil’s campaign fo r the Forand b ill. We are o ld fighters and we prom ise to -keep figh ting u n til the Forand B il l is law .”

P o litica l commentators genera lly have poin ted out th a t under o rd ina ry circumstances the b i l l (H.R. 4700) w ou ld have been k ille d in the House Ways and Means Committee. That, instead, i t is fro n t page news, proves the zeal o f its supporters — and the undodgeable re a lity th a t the measure is needed.

This was documented in a le tte r last m onth to the New Y o rk Times by Dr. George Baehr, a fo rm er leader o f the Am erican H ospita l Asso­ciation. P o in ting out tha t by 1960, 26 m illio n Am ericans w il l be over 65 and th a t 74 per cent o f the aged have annual incomes o f less than $1,000, he w ro te : “ O n ly 35 per cent o f the people over 65 have hospital insurance, most of i t w ith inadequate benefit coverage.

“ O n ly 20 per cent o f the aged w ith income ■below ^1.200 carry any hospita l insurance, and tw o -th irds of these have in d iv id u a l insurance policies w ith token benefits.”

A fte r m eeting w ith W a lte r Reuther, who brought 7,000 names to W ashington on a pe-. t it io n collected at an auto w orkers ’ ra lly in M ichigan, House Speaker Sam R ayburn, p re ­v iously “ neutra l,” agreed to w o rk fo r a “ m odi­fied” version of the Forand B ill, lim ited to hos­p ita liza tion and other in s titu tio n a l care bu t in ­c lud ing no surgical or medical benefits. H is ve r­sion w ou ld include financing through the Social Security ta x system. This is w ha t the Am erican M edical Association and insurance-companies are p rin c ip a lly opposed to.

Bad as the R ayburn “ m odifica tion” is, the libe ra l Republican substitu te is even worse. Sponsored by Senator Javits of New Y o rk and seven colleagues, the b i l l provides th a t those over 65 m ust meet prem ium s based on “ a b ility to pay,” w ith the insurance provided by p riva te companies and “ n on -p ro fit” groups, and w ith the extent of benefits determ ined by the states, w ith a maximum o f $250 a year p rovided fo r hospita lization.

L ike the demand fo r Negro rights, the su f­fe ring o f the aged sick can no longer be brushed aside. In an election year, the deals have to be subtler. The real question w il l be how in ­effective the compromise m ay be — how fa r short o f real socialized medicine.

For socialists, the task is to po in t out how good genuine socialized medicine could be.

G ILT-ED G E V O TIN G PLA N — Discussing the problem o f how to keep Negroes fro m vo t­ing, W illia m J. Mahoney, Jr., a co lum nist fo r the M ontgom ery, A la., A dvertise r, offers the considered opinion of Sebie Sm ith, an executive o f the paper. Sm ith asks: “ W hy not a voter qua lifica tion based on an in d iv id u a l’s federal income tax return? A nd graduate it, a llow ing a vote fo r every $1,000 paid in income tax, so th a t persons paying $10,000 . . . w ould have ten tim es the vo ting power of the one paying only $1,000.” Says M ahoney about his colleague’s suggestion: “ I t makes a lo t of sense. We are a cap ita lis t nation . . . There is a price tag onalmost everyth ing .”

* * *CONSPIRACY — P ittsburgh Safety D irec­

to r Louis Rosenberg complains tha t his men have troub le getting evidence against gamblers because bookies and players have an under­standing w hereby the p layer does not demand a receipt fo r his bet. The police head contended th a t th is understanding constitutes a “ conspir­acy” against the cops and tha t i t should stop because “ the police have other things to do be­sides figh ting the rackets.”

* * *

S O LID A R ITY — The Mississippi leg islature has adopted a resolution commending the South A frica n governm ent fo r its “ firm segregationstand.” The resolution notes tha t “ there existsa defin ite para lle l between events in tha t coun­tr y [South A frica ! and the recent disorders inthe southern states of the U nited States.”

» * *

SALES P ITC H — A lu m in iu m , L td ., is p ro ­m oting the sale of a lum inum coffee cups to penal ins titu tions on the ground th a t they ’re “ lesseffective as a weapon in case of a prison r io t.”

' * * *BUT W IL L TH E Y CHASE AMBULANCES?

— A utom ation is coming to the legal profession. A t the U n ive rs ity of P ittsburgh, computers and “ m em ory tapes” are being developed tha t are expected to do a day’s legal research in five minutes. * * *

R ACIST 'HO RSEPLAY' — The school placement law adopted by s ix Southern states and approved by the U.S. Supreme C ourt was branded “ legalistic horseplay” designed to p re ­vent school in tegra tion by M arion A . W righ t, vice-president of the Southern Regional Coun­c il. Addressing the biennial conference o f the A m erican C iv il L ibe rties U nion in Chicago, A p r i l 22, W rig h t said the federal governm ent should in tervene to prevent such use o f the placement laws. Loren M ille r, vice-president o f the A C LU , to ld the conference tha t the fed ­eral governm ent fo llow s policies th a t preserve residentia l segregation and th a t rules adopted against d iscrim ina tion by the Veterans A d m in ­

is tra tion and the Federal Housing A d m in is tra ­tion against d iscrim ination are a “ pious fraud .” He said th a t less than tw o per cent o f F H A - insured homes are open to non-Caucasians.

» * »NO H EA D LIN ES ON TH IS — U.S. head­

line w rite rs had a fie ld day when a Soviet fish­ing vessel was sighted near the spot where the aton\ic submarine, Polaris, was m aking a test run A p r il 26. B u t an inconspicuous item in the May 2 New Y ork Times revealed th a t “ on the other hand, our submarines have been lo llin g about . . . the ‘target area’ the Soviet Union has m arked off in the Central Pacific as the drop zone fo r its long-range ba llis tic missiles. We almost retrieved the dum m y last stage of one of the tw o Soviet missiles fired in to the area last January. B u t one of the Soviet ships got there firs t.”

• • •

NOBODY'S T A L K IN G — A ttorney-G enera l MacDonald G a llion of A labam a has instructed state prison offic ia ls to contact his office before g iv ing any in fo rm a tion to federal investigators. The order came a fte r i t was learned th a t tw o F B I agents had inqu ired about conditions at A tm ore State Prison where more than'75 Negro prisoners had demonstrated against conditions last February. Guards had broken up the dem­onstration w ith clubs and blackjacks. Seventy- tw o prisoners were put in so lita ry confinement fo r 18 days and 15 are s til l in so lita ry. The Jus­tice D epartm ent has refused to release the findings of the F B I investigation.

* » •

DISPLACED STEEL WORKERS — Tenthousand production and maintenance jobs were e lim inated in the steel industry last year by autom ation and labor-saving devices, according to D avid J. McDonald, president of the U nited Steel W orkers. He cited such developments as high-speed sheet steel m ills , the use of te le ­vision cameras to m on ito r blast furnaces and the spread of the oxygen method of steel- making.

* * *

H O R ATIO ALG ER C LIM B IS H A R D ON ARTERIES — A man w ho is a self-made suc­cess in the business w o ild pays fo r i t by im ­paired health, -according to a New Y ork Hospi- ta l-C orne ll Medical Center research team. The medical study compared health conditions among business executives who w ent to w ork im m edia te ly a fte r leaving high school and those tha t graduated from college in to ju n io r executive positions. The executives who rose from the ranks were found to have m any more symptoms of heart diseases and other illnesses. The death risk fo r members o f the non-college group was ten times h igher than of those be­long ing to the Ivy-League set.

By Ross Dowson

W ith the death of George Stanton on A p r il 25, the Can­adian labor and socialist move­m ent suffered a grievous loss. A ffectiona te ly know n as Paddy, he was a co lo rfu l figure w ide ly know n over the past 35 years from coast to coast.

Steeped in the great revo lu ­tiona ry trad itions .o f his class and suprem ely confident o f its fu tu re v ic to ry , h is voice, his manner, every th ing about h im was cu t from the one cloth. His dram atic postures, his booming voice, his v iv id earthy im agery were a fa m ilia r pa rt o f union meetings, conferences, po litica l forum s and street-corner rallies.

Stanton collapsed and died from a heart a ttack as he picked up his w e ld ing torch on a job at M alton ju s t outside Toronto, in “ the harness” of the class of w hich he was so proud to be a member.

Paddy knew m any defeats as w e ll as victories. He saw strikes broken, unions collapse, associates weaken, fa lte r and fa ll in the course o f struggle. He saw squabbles and splits, bu t he never lost the long view.

He became a m a te ria lis t and class-conscious m ilita n t very early in life . He was launched in th is course by a group of German socialist prisoners of W orld W ar I which, as a s tr ip lin g soldier, he had been placed in charge of.

B orn in D ub lin , 1901, o f a middle-class fa m ily , upon his a rr iva l in Am erica in the early twenties, he came in to contact w ith the Wobblies. Stanton ab­sorbed the best tha t was in the Industria l W orkers o f the W orld and the “ One B ig U n ion” movem ent w h ich inspired a generation of radicals w ith th e ir revo lu tiona ry s p ir it — and i t never le ft him .

Stanton was in his element when the w orkers were m oving in m ilita n t a n t i c a p i t a l i s t struggle and needed a voice. He was a pow erfu l ag ita to r and popularizer o f the socialist pro­gram. He was no w rite r, nor

was he a theoretic ian in the o rd ina ry meaning o f the w,ord. B u t he was an earnest student, w e ll acquainted w ith the m ajor w ritin g s of M arx, Engels, Len in, T ro tsky, th e ir associates and th e ir opponents.

W hen the class moved fo r­ward, Paddy moved fo rw a rd w ith i t to ho ld posts o f leader­ship and responsib ility . He a t­tended m any national CLC-CIO conventions as a rank-and-file delegate. I t was at the height o f the w ar when S ta lin is t- in ­fluenced delegates were a t­tem pting to saddle the CLC convention w ith a no-strike pledge tha t S tanton delivered the m a jo r opposition address.

A t the climax of his speech, he turned to the Stalinist caucus *o declare his soli­darity with "the greatest strike in history" led by Lenin and Trotsky in the midst of a war which "started the Oc­tober Revolution of 1917 and which w ill continue until the last capitalist bond and de­benture is shriveled up on the funeral pyre of the last im ­perialist warlord."

S hortly a f t e r trans fe rring from Vancouver Local No. 1 of the Boilerm akers Union in 1943, he became president o f Prince R upert Local No. 4 and presi­dent o f the Prince R upert Labor Council. For a period he was chairm an o f the Educational Committee o f the Toronto area council o f the U n ited Steel­w orkers fo r whom he w ro te a

popular h is to ry o f the Canadian labor movement. In 1950, when the Canadian Congress of Labor organized the N ational Federa­tion o f Unemployed W orkers, he was appointed fu ll- t im e o r­ganizer fo r the Toronto Labor Council.

An Internationalist

N ot on ly d id Stanton v ig o r­ously s tr ive to develop the m ilita n cy o f his fe llo w workers bu t he persistently explained how th e ir struggle was p a rt of a w orld -w ide class struggle. A newspaper c lipp ing announcing his decisive re-e lection as pres­ident o f the Prince R upert Boilerm akers records a m otion tha t he presented, and w hich was passed unanim ously, con­dem ning the C hu rch ill govern­m ent fo r its counter-revo lu- tiona ry te rro r against the Greek people.

V ery early in the struggle, S tanton identified .himself w ith the revo lu tionary-soc ia lis t views o f Leon T ro tsky and became an enthusiastic supporter o f the M ilita n t. He took a large bundle, which, together w ith books and p&mphlets pu t out by Pioneer Publishers, he v ig o r­ously spread th roughout the Vancouver labor and socialist movement.

As early as 1934, ju s t one year a fte r i t was founded, he jo ined the Co-operative Com­m onwealth Federation in B r i­tish Colum bia to figh t w ith in i t fo r a revo lu tionary-socia lis t program. In 1954 the r ig h t w ing o f the O ntario CCF ex­pelled h im and some 15 others because o f th e ir views.

La te r the top brass o f the Ironw orkers U nion brought him up on charges because he urged his local and sister locals to protest plans to b ring the in ­famous Senator M cC arthy to Toronto fo r a public ra lly .

A t the Time o f his death he was chairm an o f the Socialist Educational League. H is com­rades and- the thousands who

; were influenced by his v ib ra n t j personality and ideas w il l sorely miss him .

Biloxi Boycott Pinches Racists Where It Harts

By Arthur Jordan

A boycott movement by the Negro com m unity in- B ilo x i, Miss, has already forced three w hite-operated stores' to close down. A t a m eeting M ay 1 G ilb e rt Mason, 31-year- old physician, called fo r the corl-*-tinua tion of the boycott w hich was in itia ted a fte r an armed a t­tack on the Negro com m unity a week before.

On Sunday afternoon, A p r il 24, some e igh ty Negroes, many of them women and children, proceeded under Mason’s lead­ership to B ilo x i’s “ w h ite o n ly ” beach, developed w ith the help of a m illio n dollars of federal funds and m aintained by a tw o cent gasoline tax. A fte r they had been sw im m ing almost an hour, several carloads of w hites sud­denly appeared.

In full view of patrolling po­lice the whites piled out and with clubs, bats and steel chains assaulted the Negro bathers, wounding several and driving them from the beach. Dr. Mason was arrested and fined $50 for disturbing the peace and obstructing traffic. Five hundred Negroes as­sembled to protest the arrest.That n igh t more carloads of

w hites entered the Negro section of B ilo x i, pouring shotgun blasts in to tw o cafes and a gas station. A ll n igh t the cars prow led. F igh t Negroes were shot, inc lud ing three women. T w en ty -fou r more were in ju red . In add ition to M a­son, nineteen Negroes were a r­rested and fined.

The A p r i l 24 events fo llow ed by almost a year D r. Mason’s firs t lone a ttem pt to use the beach. Last M ay he pu t on his bath ing su it and w ent down to sw im in fro n t of the c ity hospi-

Monitors Suit Against Hoffa(C on tinued fro m Vqge 1)

the m on ito r racket by members of Congress. The prostitu tes of the press, you see, are also out to “ get Hoffa.”

In the 26 months o f its ex is t­ence, the m on ito r setup has cost the Teamsters Union close to a m illio m dollars; i t has pre­vented the ho ld ing of a conven­tion; led to innum erable la w ­suits, b icke ring and s trife ; pre­vented the in s titu tio n o f much needed reform s; has been the spearhead o f the an ti-un ion labor-baiters who, in the name of “ ge tting H offa” are ou t to emasculate the pow erfu l Team­sters Union.

13 File Suit

The m onito r story begins in 1957. A s'uit was filed in Septem­ber 1957 by 13 members of the Teamsters U nion charging tha t the convention w h ich elected Hoffa president had been r ig ­ged. The su it charged v io la tion of the un ion ’s constitu tion, f i ­nancial irregu la rities and the fact th a t at the tim e o f the con­vention, 109 o f the a ffilia ted local unions were in rece iver­ship.

A fte r p re lim in a ry hearings the case was settled out of cou rt through a compromise agreement embodied in a con­sent decree issued by the court on January 31, 1958. Under the consent decree a three-man board of m onitors was estab­lished to supervise compliance w ith the court order, to ins titu te adm in is tra tive and procedural reforms, - and to create the “ p r o p e r atmosphere” under w hich a democratic election could be held.

It was stipulated that: "A new convention and election of officers shall be held at any time after the expiration of 1 year from the date of this order (Jan. 31, 1958) when the general executive board by majority vote shall resolve to call such convention and hold such election,"

One m onito r represented the 13 p la in tiffs , the other repre­sented the union and the th ird was appointed by Judge Letts. The court order provided that the m on ito rsh ip was to be d is­solved when a new convention and election o f officers was held, presum ably one year a fte r the issuance of the consent de­cree. The p rim a ry function of the monitors, ostensibly, was to create the conditions in w hich an election could be held as soon as possible.

However, when the union petitioned fo r an election, under the consent decree in February 1959, the m onitors objected sta ting that “ the tim e was not ye t ripe .” Judge Letts then p ro ­

ceeded to m od ify the o rig ina l decree m aking the tim e of ho ld ­ing a convention “ subject to recommendation by the board of m onitors to the general exe­cu tive board of the in te rna tiona l brotherhood, w ith the exact tim e o f ho ld ing the convention being subject to fina l approval of the court.”

This ru lin g meant the board of m onitors had the power to extend th e ir sway indefin ite ly . On appeal, the court of appeals held tha t Judge Le tts ’ ru lin g was in e rro r so fa r as g iv ing the m onitors such power was concerned, bu t upheld the au­th o r ity of the D is tr ic t C ourt to contro l the setting o f a conven­tion date. A lthough the court o f appeals urged the “ desir­a b ility of early trans ition from court supervision to norm al o r­ganizational management,” to a ll intents and purposes the r u l­ing gave the m onitors w ha t they wanted. Judge Letts and the m onitors saw eye to eye on a ll crucia l issues.

ISeek Hoffa's . Ouster

H aving acquired the power to perpetuate themselves in o f­fice by fo resta lling a conven­tion the m onitors set ou t de­libe ra te ly to carry through the ir aim o f rem oving Hoffa. This objective was v igorously p u r­sued on the premise th a t oust­ing Hoffa was the necessary prerequis ite to the ho ld ing o f a convention. Spokesmen fo r the union charge tha t the real aim o f the m onitors is to estab­lish a court receivership w hich w ould give them contro l o f the union and its treasury.

In the meantime, d ifficu lties arose and conflic t developed be­tween the m onitors themselves. F irst, }.he m on ito r o f the 13 p la in tiffs , G odfrey P. Schm idt, was compelled to resign when it became know n tha t he was in ­volved in a “ conflic t o f in te r­est.”

It seems that while serving as a monitor, presumably representing the interests of his client members of the union, he was at the same time representing numerous employers in their negotia­tions with the Teamsters Union.

Upon his resignation, 'Judge L e tts perm itted Schm idt' to ap­po in t Lawrence T. Sm ith, a member o f his law firm , as his successor. For a w h ile Sm ith collaborated w ith m on ito r board chairm an M artin F. O ’Donog- hue, bu t had then become in ­volved in controversy w ith h im over' “ stra tegy.” I t seems tha t Sm ith objected to the too nar­row aim o f concentrating on “ ge tting H offa” as a solution to a ll problems. The M arch 6 New Y ork Times reports:

“ The argum ent appeared to have reached a dead end yes­terday when the chairm an of the m onitors, M a rtin F. O’Don- oghue, fa iled to get support fo r his m otion to file in court an in te rim report conta in ing addi- t i o n a 1 charges against Mr. Hoffa.”

Godfrey Schmidt, o u s t e d monitor and attorney for the plaintiffs, sided with O'Don- noghue and threatened to have Smith removed as un­satisfactory to his clients. Instead, a m ajority of the "rebels" who had instituted the original suit, announced that they had dropped God­frey Schmidt as their attor­ney. Their spokesman, A n­drew Boggia, said: "We did not get into this thing pri­marily to 'get' M r. Hoffa. We got in to get straightened out at the local level."

This brannigan between the monitors, attorneys and clients, le ft the w hole setup in a state o f crisis. The m onitors were deadlocked. A ction required agreement o f a m a jo rity o f two out o f the three m onitors. The u n i o n m onitor, D aniel B. Maher, had resigned because of i l l health. W ith Sm ith and O’Donoghue at loggerheads there was no w ay o f ge tting a m a jo rity . The in im itab le God­fre y Schm idt had been repud i­ated by his clients. T ru ly a case ca lling fo r the w isdom of Solomon.

Judge F. D ickinson Letts rose to the occasion. I t seems that M r. Schm idt had prevailed upon three o f the o rig ina l 13 to re ­ta in his services. As th is was a “ class” action, tha t is, one in w hich the a ttorney fo r the p la in ­tiffs contends tha t he actua lly represents the en tire “ class” of 1,600,000 members o f the union, Schm idt insisted upon his r ig h t to spe.ak fo r a ll members of the Teamsters Union.

Ex-FB I Agent Named

Judge Letts proceeded to re­move Lawrence Sm ith, because he had been convinced tha t Sm ith “ did not have his heart in his w o rk .” Letts then refused to accept the resignation of union m on ito r M aher as he found the substitu te subm itted by the union not to his lik ing . Then, to replace Sm ith, the judge, on nom ination o f law yer Godfrey Schm idt, appointed an ex-FB I agent named Terence F. McShane, whose qualifica tion seemed to be tha t he had pre­v iously “ investigated” Hoffa.

W ith a m a jo rity assured and w ith the blessing of Judge Letts the m onitors pressed fo rw ard the su it designed to remove Hoffa from office. A pe tition signed by 160,000 Teamsters U nion members asking fo r the

restoration o f th e ir democratic righ ts and a m otion by the un­ion fo r a convention were sub­m itted to Judge Letts. A n ad­verse ru lin g on the m otion w ou ld have perm itted the un ­ion to ca rry the action on ap­peal to a h igher court.

Judge Letts neatly solved this dilem m a by p igeonholing the pe tition and m otion w h ile pre­parations fo r the “ get H offa” t r ia l were hastened in the hope o f reaching a ve rd ic t before the lid blew o ff the m on ito r scandal.

Lovell Assails. U.S. Policy on Korea and Cuba

DETRO IT, M ay 1 — U.S. p o l­icy tow ard Korea and Cuba was condemned at a M ay Day d inner here by F rank Love ll, opening his campaign fo r the U.S. Senate as candidate of the Socialist W orkers party.

“ I t ’s good to see the dow nfa ll of d icta tors like Rhee and Batista,” Love ll said. “ Our gov­ernm ent should now be made to stop in te rfe ring in Korea and to stop p u tting pressure on the Cu­ban governm ent. U.S. troops should be w ith d ra w n from K o ­rea and from Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.”

Evelyn Sell, candidate fo r lieutenant-governor, said she has asked both houses of the statQ legislature to adopt a reso­lu tion o f sym pathy w ith the Southern s it-in demonstrations.

O ther Socialist W orkers state candidates are Robert H im m el fo r governor, L a rry D o linsk i fo r secretary of state, R ita Shaw fo r a ttorney general, H a rrie t Talan fo r state treasurer and E d ith G bur fo r aud ito r general.

ta l where he is the sole Negro physician. He was arrested and warned never to tr y again.

B u t a fte r filin g a pe tition ask­ing fo r equal righ ts on thè beach, M a s o n w ith several others made a second atem pt on A p r il 17. He was again arrested and released under $25 bond.

The M ay 2 New Y o rk Times' reported tha t c ity au thorities be­lieved the “ cris is” could be set­tled by a llocating pa rt o f the beach to Negroes on a segre­gated basis. B u t Dr. Mason was quoted in the M ay 7 A fro -A m e r­ican as saying: “ I . . . voice thtì sentiments of the vast m a jo rity of colored persons here when I say the whole, is be tter than some of its parts.”

House Probers Plan Attack on Sit-In Backers

NEW ORLEANS, M ay 5 — Rep. E dw in E. W illis of Lou is i­ana heads a Congressional sub­comm ittee w hich w il l quiz supr porters of Southern s it-ins at hearings in San Francisco, i t was reported here.

The D ix iecra t Congressman is a member of the House Un- Am erican A c tiv it ie s Committee.

Willis comes from one of the worst areas of Louisiana, so far as Negro voting rights are concerned. He was also a leader in raising large sums of money to support Gov. Faubus of Arkansas in his ef­forts to keep Negro children out of previously all-white schools in L ittle Rock.

A w ide va rie ty o f people are to be summoned to the C a lifo r­nia hearings. The on ly th ing they have in common is tha t they have been active in o r­ganizing p icket lines, boycotts, and other support fo r the resist­ance movem ent in the South.

Some are teachers who were able to block the House Com­m ittee from hold ing hearings in C a lifo rn ia last fa ll.

The San Francisco hearings recall s im ila r proceedings held in A tlan ta , Ga., in 1958. A t tha t tim e W illis was a member of the subcommittee th a t q u i z z e d Southern in tegra tion workers.

One o f the in tegra lion ists, Carl Braden, o f Lou isv ille , Ky., was- la te r sentenced to a year in prison fo r refusing to co-operate w ith the subcommittee. The U.S. Supreme C ourt has agreed to re ­view his case. Braden is a fie ld secretary and 'e d ito r fo r the Southern Conference Education­al Fund, a southw ide group w ork ing to end segregation' and d iscrim ination.

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