The Middle East

The Middle EastWhat do you know ?

Oldest Cities in the World

7 of the 12 oldest cities in the World are in the

Middle East

Project Middle East

Present in class

Story set in the Middle East• You will write a fictional story set in the

Middle East. The story is fictional but must be based in reality. Use common names of the Middle East. Make sure I know where the story is being set and what year it is. Make sure your story is distinct to the Middle East. Example in class (100 points)

Oldest CityGaziantep, Turkey

5,600 Years Old

Theft Rate(per 100,000)

United States 4697

Israel 4113

Libya 270

Lebanon 172

Jordan 149

Other ME Countries under 129

Sex Offenses (100,000)

Kuwait 60

Israel 48

U.S. 35

Qatar 30

Saudi Arabia 19

Turkey 6

Murder Rate (100,000)

Lebanon 19.2

United States 7.9

Jordan 2.7

Syria 2.2

Israel 1.8

Qatar 1.7

Crime Rate (100,000)

Israel 6,005

U.S 5,031

Egypt 2378

Jordan 629

Kuwait 575

Lebanon 489

Qatar 212

Saudi Arabia 25

The Ancient Middle East

10,000 Years Ago Most PeopleBedouins

(Nomads- Move from place to place)

What decreased the Bedouin population ? What would make

people stay in one place ?

Irrigation which led to FarmingPeople begin to stay in one place,

cities form.

Egyptian Religion

King and God equals at the top

Nice Afterlife for those who obey

Pyramids

Hieroglyphics ( How we know what they thought)

Religion dominates life 6000-1500 B.C.

Why did people turn to religion ?

Explanations

Little – no science

Hammurabi’s CodeKing of Babylon (1792-1750 b.c.)

Code of do’s and don’ts

Different Laws for different people

Marriage and Divorce

Key : “Eye for and Eye”

Steal = Hand Cut off

Homework 1

Hammurabi’s Code

(An Eye for an Eye)

1) Explain the code

2) Give your opinion on the idea behind the code

3) Should the code be followed today here in the

United States ?

Islam (570-600)

Muhammad

Quran or Koran

Mecca - Jerusalem - Medina

(Muslims)

The Five Pillarsof Islam

The Giving of Alms

Charity

Belief in One God and the Muhammad is the Prophet

Allah = God

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Pray Five Times a Day Facing Mecca

Fasting in the 9th Month of Ramadan

Other Muslim Rules

No Eating of Pork

Drinking of Liquor

No Gambling

What else do Muslim’s believe

From the Quran

Islam as a System of Government

• All power belongs to God

• Government protects religion (unlike U.S.)

• Muhammad’s followers prepared law based on his teachings

The Four Caliphs

1st Caliph = Muhammad’s Friend

Caliph leads Islamic State

Jihad = Holy War

4th Caliph = Ali (Muhammad’s Son in Law)

Shi’i and Sunni MuslimsShi’I, Shiite,Shi’ite

Shi’i

Believe Ali is the Ruler

Islamic Leaders godlike

Leader now = Ayatollah

Iraq, Iran, Lebanon

Sunni

Koran is Authority

Leaders teach Muhhamad’s Teachings

Friendlier with U.S.

Saudi Arabia, Kuwait

Islam Spreads until 732

Middle East, N.Africa, Spain

The Battle of Tours

Charles “The Hammer” Martel

French Leader

Stops spread in Europe

Probably a reason we are not primarily Muslim

Abbasid Empire

Increased trade

750-1258

Ottoman Turks Rule Region

1300’s - 1900’s

20th Century Middle East

Ottoman Turks in Decline

German Influence

Rule over Iraq,Syria, Palestine, Israel, Jordan,

Saudi Arabia,Yemen Libya

Zionist Movement

Theodore Herzel’s Jewish State

80,000 Jews in Palestine by 1914

World War I

Turks with Germans

British (Lawrence) drive out Turks from most of Middle

East

Treaty of Versailles

British and France divide

up the Middle East

Saudi Arabia

Ibn Saud unites Arab tribes

From poor to rich when Oil is found

Hand Chopped off for Stealing “Eye for an Eye”

World War II

The Holocaust

6 Million Jews tortured and killed

United Nations formed

The Israeli Revolution

United Nations takes over world decision making

UN wants to divide Palestine

1948 - Israel Proclaimed

British leave Palestine

Arabs invade

Jews win battle

Israel

Western Style Government

Democracy

Law of Return (any Jew)

The Suez Battle of 1956

Egypt under Nasser takes Suez Canal from British and

French

UN Stops activity, Keeps Canal open for Westerners

The Six Day War (1967)

Israel Gains Territory

Israel offers terms of return for Palestinians but they

refuse

Six Day War

Israel Defeats Gains

Egypt Gaza Strip

Jordan West Bank

Syria Golan Heights

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Syria and Egypt attack Golan Heights and Suez Canal

Egypt spreads across Suez

(Gain for Egypt)

Camp David (1978)

Israel, Egypt and U.S.

Israel returns Sinai to Egypt

Israel gains passage thru Canal and Tiran

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

Fight for return for Palestinian Muslims to Israel/Palestine

Yassar Arafat

Lebanon

On Israeli Border

Civil Wars and fighting with Israel

Christians, Sunni, Shi’I, Palestinians, Israeli troops

Hezzbollah

Terrorists

Hijackings, Hostages, Bombings

Shite Muslims

Iran

Shah Reza - 1940’s

(US Puppet)

Shah’s Autocratic Government controls

Oil Wealth

Religious leader - Ayatollah Khomeni exiled in 1960’s

Iran - 94% Shi’i Muslim

Ayatollah returns in 1970’s

Unites people against the Shah (Strikes and Protests)

1978 Shah Heart Attack, fleas to U.S.A.

Ayatollah leads attack on U.S. Embassy

65 Hostages

13 Released Early

Ordeal lasts over 1 Year

Election of Reagan scares them

Iraq

60% Shi’I

35% Sunni (But did Control the Govt.)

1979 - Saddam Hussein becomes Military Dictator of Iraq

1980’s War with Iran 1990 Attack Kuwait

2003 Falls from PowerU.S. Takeover

Iraqi-Kuwait Dispute

Iraq claims Kuwait belongs to them

Iraq claims Kuwait steals Oil

Iraq claims Kuwait undercharges USA and others (Oil)

War in the Gulf

Blow by Blow TV Coverage

Iraq totally defeated by U.S. and Friends

Israel stays out of war

New Technology

The New War

World Trade Center-Pentagon

Hijackings

September 11, 2001

Bin Laden (Al Queda network)

1000’s Dead

Study for the Map Quiz

Handout Middle East Map