The Middle East During the Cold War Period

Mandates in the Middle East What are Mandates?

• Established by the League of Nations after WWI• Mandate countries were granted independence after World

War II• This independence resulted in Middle East conflicts created by

religious differencesFrench Mandates in the Middle East:• Syria

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/syrias-second-front/witnessing-syrias-war-through-the-eyes-of-its-children/

• LebanonBritish Mandates in the Middle East:• Jordan• Palestine (became the independent state of Israel in 1948)

• The Mandate System established after World War I was phased out after World War II. With the end of the mandates, new states were created in the Middle East.

Significant early leaders in the Middle East

• Golda Meir-

• 1st female Israel president

• After initial setbacks, led Israel to victory in the Yom Kippur War

• Sought support of the United States

• Gamal Abdul Nasser-

• President of Egypt

• Nationalized Suez Canal

• Established relationship with the Soviet Union

• Built Aswan High Dam http://www.nbcnews.com/video/nightly-news/54178954#54178954

What problems arose due to the newly independent states in the Middle East?

• Arab-Israeli Conflict

• PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)- wanted to regain land lost when the nation of Israel was formed in 1948.

http://www.history.com/videos/israeli-athletes-murdered-at-munich#israeli-athletes-murdered-at-munich

http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2013/03/19/first-person-how-palestinian-made-friends-with israelis/