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The Middle ColoniesChapter 2Section 5

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• Explain how Dutch New Netherland became English New York.

• Describe William Penn’s relationship with Indians in Pennsylvania.

• Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania Colony to other colonies.

Objectives

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Terms and People

• Dutch West Indies Company – group of merchants and investors that put money towards exploring and colonizing the Americas

• William Penn − wealthy Quaker Englishman who founded Pennsylvania

• Quaker − unlike Puritans, sought inner understanding of Bible, considered women equal, and were pacifists

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What were the characteristics of the Middle Colonies?

The English settled on the northern and southern Atlantic coast of North America. Swedes and Dutch settled small colonies on the mid-Atlantic coast.

Later the English came to control most of the Atlantic seaboard.

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1609: Sent ships up the Hudson River to trade for furs from Indians.

1614: With traders and farmers, founded Fort Orange (Albany, New York)

1625: Founded New Amsterdam, now present-day New York City.

Founding New Netherlands

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Rivers were important to the Middle Colonies for many reasons.

English

English

Dutch

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• Settled mainly by farmers and traders from the

Netherlands, France, Germany, and Norway.

• Colonies tolerated various religious groups

including Jews, Baptists, and Lutherans.

• The Dutch West Indies Company appointed a

governor and advisory council of colonial leaders.

• No elected assembly was permitted.

The Dutch Colonies

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• The Dutch West Indies Company bought land from

Indians.

• The colony expanded to parts of present-day New

Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland.

• Eventually overthrown by the more powerful and

more populous English settlers

The Dutch Colonies

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• They renamed New Amsterdam to New York after the Duke of York.

• The Duke of York took over governing the colony as a proprietary colony.

• York designated formation of a new colony in 1664, now present-day New Jersey.

When the English moved into the Middle Colonies:

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The Pennsylvania Colony

• Started by William Penn, a wealthy Quakerwho cultivated peace with the Indians.

• Quaker beliefs:

• no clergy leadership

• women spiritually equal to men

• pacifist―do not fight wars or bear arms

• tolerate other faiths

• Unlike other English leaders, Quaker William Penn bought land from the Indians.

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William Penn’s “Holy Experiment”

• Penn wrote a constitution that guaranteed fundamental liberties.

• Tolerant policies encouraged people from a broad range of religious backgrounds to immigrate.

• The colonists did not try to convert the Indians.

• Penn named the capital Philadelphia, which means “city of brotherly love.”

This early grid of Philadelphia shows wide streets and public spaces.

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The English Colonies

Founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom

Founded by Quakers seeking religious freedom

Founded by people looking for new ways to succeed financially

Elected governor and assembly

Had a constitutionAppointed governor and elected assembly

No religious tolerance Religious tolerance Little religious tolerance

Tried to convert Indians

Did not try to convert Indians

Tried to convert Indians

Took land from Indians Bought land from Indians

Took land from Indians

Massachusetts Bay Pennsylvania Virginia

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The Middle Colonies enjoyed diversity.

No single ethnic group or specific religious group had a majority in the Middle Colonies.

This peaceful diversity went against the traditional belief that political order depended on ethnic and religious uniformity.

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The ethnic and religious pluralism in the Middle Colonies was an early example of how the United States later developed into a multi-cultural society.

The Middle Colonies’ diversity became part of the nation’s character.