The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.
-
Upload
daisy-dorsey -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
1
Transcript of The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.
![Page 1: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Mandate System
IB 20th Century World History
![Page 2: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What were the geopolitical and economic impact of the treaties on Europe; the establishment and impact of the mandate system?
![Page 3: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Impact of the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles: Clemenceau was voted out of office in the elections of January 1920. French Field Marshal Ferdinand Foch, declared, "This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for twenty years."
• America opposed to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.
• US Congress passed the Knox-Porter Resolution bringing an end to hostilities between the United States and the Central Powers.
![Page 4: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Knox Porter Resolution
• Signed by President Warren G. Harding
• July 2, 1921
• It officially ended US involvement in WWI
![Page 5: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Treaty of Versailles impact on Germany
• Germans denounced the treaty—particularly the war guilt clause—as an insult to the nation's honor.
• Germany's Chancellor, Phillip Schneidmann refused to sign the treaty and resigned.
• The German economy was weak and only a small percentage of reparations was paid.
• Germany eventually stopped paying the reparations. As a result French and Belgian forces invaded and occupied the Ruhr.
![Page 6: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Impact of Treaty of Saint Germain
• (Dealt with Austria remember) The vast reduction of population, territory and resources of the new Austria relative to the old empire wreaked havoc on the economy of the new nation.
![Page 8: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Impact of the Treaty of Trianon
• (Dealt with Hungary Remember)• Addressed some nationality issues, but also
sparked new ones. • After the new borders had been established,
a majority of the 3.3 million Hungarians who lived in now-foreign lands were situated just outside the new border lines and were unhappy.
![Page 9: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mandate System
• A League of Nations mandate refers to territories transferred from the control of one country to another following WW I.
• The mandate system was established under Article 22 of the League of Nations.
• All the mandates were previously controlled by states defeated in WW I, principally Germany and the Ottoman Empire.
![Page 10: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Class A Mandates
• The mandates were divided into three groups: Class A, B, & C
• Class A mandates• Class A mandates were areas formerly
controlled by the Ottoman Empire that were recognized as independent nations but were provisionally recognized subject to a lead country until they are able to stand alone.
![Page 11: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Examples of Class A Mandates
• Mesopotamia (United Kingdom), which became the independent kingdom of Iraq.
• Syria (France) After the termination of the French Mandate, to independent nations were formed (Syria and Lebanon)
![Page 12: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Class B Mandates
• Class B mandates• Class B mandates were all former German
territories in the Sub-Saharan regions of West and Central Africa, which were deemed to require a greater level of control by the mandatory power. The mandatory power was forbidden to construct military or naval bases within the mandates.
![Page 13: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example of Class B Mandates
• Ruanda-Urundi (Belgium) became two separate nations of Rwanda and Burundi after independence
![Page 14: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Class C mandates
• Class C mandates• Class C mandates, including South-West
Africa and the South Pacific Islands, were considered to be best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory.
• They essentially became colonies of the Mandates.
• The Class C mandates were former German possessions.
![Page 15: The Mandate System IB 20 th Century World History.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071806/56649cf85503460f949c99c8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Examples of Class C Mandates
• former German New Guinea became the Territory of New Guinea (Australia/United Kingdom)
• former German Samoa (New Zealand/UK)
• South-West Africa (South Africa/UK)