the main weapon of the Hindu deity Murugan or
Transcript of the main weapon of the Hindu deity Murugan or
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➢ Vellore district is one of the 38 districts in the Tamil
Nadu. It is one of the eleven districts that form the north
region of Tamil Nadu.
➢ Vellore city is the headquarters of this district.
➢ The Government of India recently included Vellore city
in its prestigious smart city project, along with 26 other
cities.
➢ The name is said to have originated from Vel which is
the main weapon of the Hindu deity Murugan or
'Velayudayaan' (one who bears the spear).
➢ The word then literally means - The place of Murugan.
The name Vellore is derived from the Tamil words Vel +
uur meaning City of Spears.
➢ It is considered one of the oldest cities in South India
and lies on the banks of the Palar River on the site of
Vellore Fort.
➢ Vellore is a major transit point for travelers, a hub for
medical tourism and is emerging as a tourist hot spot.
➢ Vellore was once the capital city of the Vijayanagar
Empire during 1606-1672.
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HISTORY:
➢ The recorded history of Vellore dates back to the ninth
Century,as seen from a Chola inscription in
the Annamalaiyar Temple in Tiruvannamalai.
➢ Many dynasties and rulers dominated Vellore
throughout its history, including the Pallava
dynasty, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Vijayanagar,
the Rashtrakuta dynasty, the Sambuvaraya chieftains,
the Nawabs of the Carnatic, and the administration of
the British.
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➢ Tondaimandalam was an ancient division of Tamil
country comprising roughly the present Kanchipuram
district, Chennai district, Tiruvallur district, Vellore
district and Tiruvannamalai district.
➢ A four-and-a-half feet tall stone slab with inscriptions in Sanskrit and Tamil, believed to be dating back to the Pallava dynasty, has been unearthed by labourers at a village Thipasamudram in Tamil Nadu.
➢ Department of Archaeologist and researcher at Vellore Fort Museum, said that the stone slab might be as old as the Pallava period.
➢ The Pallava dynasty ruled several parts of present day Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh for about 500 years from fourth century to ninth century.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:
➢ Vellore district lies between 12degree 15 inch to 13
degree 15inch North latitudes and 78 degree 20 inch to
79 degree 50inch East longitudes in Tamil Nadu state.
➢ Altitude of vellore is about 708 Feet above the sea level.
➢ The geographical area of this district is 5920.18 sq.km.
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Main River: Palar River:
Drainage pattern of Palar river.
➢ Palar river in southern India. It rises near
the Ponnaiyar River, southwest of Chintamani,
in Karnataka state, and flows 183 miles (295 km)
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southeastward through Tamil Nadu state to the Bay of
Bengal, south of Chennai (Madras). Its major tributaries
are the Ponnai and Cheyyar rivers.
➢ The largest communities along its banks
are Vellore, Arcot, and Chengalpattu.
CLIMATE:
➢ Temperature ranges from as low as 10°C in the winter
months of December–February to even 43°C in the
summer months of April–June.
➢ It is essentially a dry climate, rainy and humid only at
the times of the two monsoons: June–August and
October–December.
Language spoken in the District:
❖ Tamil
❖ Telugu
❖ Urdu
❖ Hindi
❖ Kannada
❖ Sowrashtra
❖ Malayalam
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DEMOGRAPHY:
AS PER 2019 AND 2020.
Human development indicators:
➢ Tamil Nadu Government first Human Development
Report was published in the year 2003.
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➢ The report was prepared by State planning commission
with the support of the union planning commission and
the UNDP.
➢ The preparation of HDR has been an initiative of the
government of Tamilnadu supported by the UNDP and
the NITI Aayog.
❖ In Gender inequality index vellore placed in 3rd Rank.
❖ In Child development index vellore placed 29th Rank.
Sex ratio and Literacy :
Sex Ratio (Per 1000)
1007
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age)
944
Average Literacy 79.17
Male Literacy 86.50
Female Literacy 71.95
Politics in Vellore District:
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DMDK , DMK , AIADMK , INC , PMK are the major
political parties in Vellore District.
Collectorate:
➢ The Collectorate play a pivotal role in the District
administration.
➢ Collector in the Cadre of I.A.S heads the District.
➢ He acts as the District Magistrate for maintaining Law
and Order in his jurisdiction.
➢ He deals mainly with planning and development, law
and order, general elections, arms licensing etc.
City corporation:
In 2008, the 142 year–old municipalities were made a
City Corporation.
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IMPORTANT TOURIST PLACES IN VELLORE:
Vellore fort map
Vellore Fort:
➢ As per the inscriptions, the chieftains of the Vijayanagar
Empire Vellore Fort was built by Chinna Bommi Reddy
and Thimma reddy Nayak, subordinate chieftains
under Sadasiva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire
around the middle of the 16th century.
➢ Vellore Fort is where the first rebellion against the
British had happened.
➢ Due to the scale of the revolt of 1857, it is considered to
be the first revolt.
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➢ There is a temple, a church, a mosque and Tamil Nadu's
oldest police training centre inside the fort.
➢ The temple situated in the fort is called Jalakanteswarar
Temple.
✓ Inside the temple an escape tunnel leading to
Virinjipuram about 12 km (7.5 mi) away,
which could be used by the king and other
royals in the event of an attack.
➢ The church inside the fort was constructed during the
early British period (Robert Clive, East Indian
Company).
➢ Muthu Mandapam is a memorial built around the
tombstone of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, the last ruler of Sri
Lanka.
➢ In 1981 the Post and Telegraph Department of
India released a stamp commemorating the fort, and in
July 2006 a stamp marking the 200th anniversary of the
Mutiny was released.
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Stamp released for 200th anniversary of the mutiny.
Entrance to vellore fort. Moat around the fort walls
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Gun firing holes Old buildings within the fort.
➢ This 16th-century fort was opened up to tourists and is
now maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India.
➢ During British rule, the Tipu Sultan's family and the
last king of Sri Lanka, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha were held
as prisoners in the fort. It is also a witness to the
massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Sriranga
Raya.
➢ Tipu and Hyder Mahal are 2 individual palaces located
inside the fort of Vellore.
➢ They belong to Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali. Tipu Mahal is
said to be the place where Tipu Sultan, along with his
family, resided during the rebellion against the British
powers.
➢ Tipu Mahal houses over 150 rooms, whereas, Hyder
Mahal houses more than 200 rooms. All rooms in both
palaces reflect the lavish lifestyle led by Tipu Sultan and
Hyder Ali.
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Monument in the honour of the first mutiny in 1806 at vellore.
➢ This fort changed hands between the different dynasties the temple suffered majorly during the Muslim invasion and was almost destroyed.
➢ The temple structure was heavily repaired by ASI (Archeological Survey of India) in 1921, it was only in 1981 that controversially regular puja started back in this temple.
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Jalagandeeswarar Temple
Jalagandeeswarar Temple – Exquisite Stone Carvings
ST. JOHN’S CHURCH – VELLORE FORT:
➢ The church was built by the British during their reign in the year 1846 since by then this fort had turned into a garrison of the East India Company and later by the British Empire.
➢ Initially, there were chapels and other prayer rooms inside the fort but due to the gradual increase in the European population a church was built inside the fort.
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CHURCH INSIDE THE FORT
MOSQUE:
Built in the year 1750 the mosque is actually named Nawab Chanda Sahib Mosque. Like the Jalagandeeswarar Temple, this mosque was also under ASI and was also renovated by them.
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Nawab Chanda Sahib Mosque
Government Museum, Vellore:
➢ Government Museum, Vellore is situated within the
premises of the historical vellore fort.
➢ This museum was established in the year 1985 as the
6th district Museum to impart knowledge about
erstwhile North Arcot District (Present Vellore &
Thiruvannamalai) and its Significance.
➢ Both the Districts have rich flora and fauna and cultural
heritage.
➢ These Museum have a vast collection of artefacts from
this area from the various periods. You can see stone
sculptors, cannon balls, weapons etc.
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Original Vellore Fort Cannons Outside ASI Museum
Some of the Collections at Government Museum
➢ In vellore fort the Government ordered opening of a
temporary training school at Vellore for Inspectors. -
1896.
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➢ The Police Training School at Vellore was made a
permanent institution and called Police Training College
1902- 1905.
Sri Lakshmi Narayani Golden Temple:
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The golden temple of Sripuram is a spiritual park situated at
the foot of a small range of green hills in a place called
“Malaikodi” which is situated in the state of Tamil Nadu,
Temple construction:
➢ The temple has been built on 100 acres of land. It has
been designed by a Vellore-based architect, Sri.
Narayani Peedam.
➢ Narayani temple holds the crown of world’s largest
Golden Temple.
➢ The forehead or crown of the Temple has some of the
most intricate designs ever seen in the Indian
construction.
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➢ It is carved with complex art forms in gold and silver.
The development of this awe-inspiring forehead was
completed on 24th August 2007.
➢ About 1.5 tonne of gold was purchased for the
project through Minerals and Metal Trading
Corporation in Chennai after getting clearance from the
Reserve Bank of India,
➢ It has a rajagopuram, resembling the Tirupati temple,
with 36 pillars around it.
➢ The crown of Sri Lakshmi Golden Temple is called
“Vimanam” or “Ardha Mandapam”. This crown is one
of the biggest temple crown in the history of
architecture.
Temple shape:
➢ Sri Lakshmi Golden Temple has been built in the center
of a star-shaped path so that it absorbs a lot of positive
energy from nature.
➢ This star-shaped path is called “Sri Chakra”. The path to
the temple stretches for around 1.8 km.
➢ The Vellore Golden Temple history elucidates that this
location is a source of peace, tranquility and relaxation
for the devotees.
➢ It is believed that ardent devotees who walk through
this star-shaped path are blessed to read the messages
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of justice and truth which allow them to transform into
powerful and supreme creatures.
➢ The traditional Vedic architecture of the temple
showcases significant details from the Vedas, the
knowledge texts of the ancient India.
➢ The Annapoorani Mandapam or dining hall is where
about 10,000 devotees are served delicious vegetarian
meals on fresh banana leaves at the Golden Temple of
Sripuram.
➢ Temple runs several projects for social welfare,
including zero-waste management program, free
public distribution of drinking water, blood
donation camps, free coaching classes to the poor
students, scholarship program, tribal community
education, Sri Narayani Vidyalaya, and Sri Narayani
Hospital and Research Center.
➢ Among the projects, Sri Narayani Kala Peedam provides
the platform to promote different cultural forms
including art, music and dance.
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Amirthi Zoological park:
Amirthi Zoological Waterfalls are situated in the
premises of Amirthi Zoological Park in Vellore near the
place is enchanting to look at, owing to the natural
beauty and clear water cascading from a height. The
waterfalls can be reached through a trek of 1.5 kms.
VAINU BAPPU OBSERVATORY / KAVALUR
OBSERVATORY:
➢ The Vainu Bappu Observatory is located about 175 km
south-east of Bangalore, and about 200 km south-west
of Chennai (formerly Madras).
➢ Latitude : 12° 34'
➢ Longitude : +78° 50'
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➢ Altitude : ~750m
➢ Local Time : Indian Standard Time (IST) : IST = GMT +
05 30hrs
➢ The Vainu Bappu Observatory is an astronomical
observatory owned and operated by Indian Institute of
Astrophysics.
➢ It is located at Kavalur in the Javadi hills near
Vaniyambadi in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu.
➢ The observatory traces its origin back to the year 1786
when William Petrie set up his private observatory at
his garden house at Egmore, Madras, which eventually
came to be known as the Madras Observatory.
➢ Later it was moved over to Kodaikanal and functioned
there as the Kodaikanal Observatory since 1899. M.K.
Vainu Bappu who took over as the Director of the
Kodaikanal Observatory in 1960, found a sleepy little
hamlet called Kavalur in the Javadu Hills as a suitable
site for establishing optical telescopes for observing the
celestial objects.
➢ This came to be known as Kavalur Observatory. Later,
the name was changed to Indian Institute of
Astrophysics.
➢ The night sky can be seen through the 15cm telescope
on every Saturday from 7 PM to 10 PM, if the sky is
clear.
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➢ The Kavalur Observatory is located in a 100 acre forest
land. The observatory houses a number of optical
telescopes, including currently India's largest optical
telescope the 2.3m Vainu Bappu telescope, 1.3 meter J.C
Bhattacharya telescope, 1m Carl Zeiss Telescope and
many other smaller ones.
➢ Apart from the Telescopes, there is also a Fabry-Perot
Interferometer which is being used to study airglow
emissions from the Earth's thermosphere. The
observatory is situated at an altitude of 725m. Several
varieties of plants, some wildlife and different birds are
spotted in the campus.
AGRICULTURE IN VELLORE:
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➢ Agriculture is the prime driving force for food
security, rural economy and sustainable socio-
economic development of farmers.
➢ Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is the largest
livelihood provider particularly in rural areas.
➢ Vellore district ranks 7th place in area of the State
with a total geographical area of 5.92 Lakh Hectare and with Net Cultivated Area of 1.74 Lakh Hectare.
➢ Paddy, Millets Cholam, Cumbu, Ragi, Maize, Pulses like Redgram, Blackgram, Greengram, Oilseeds like Groundnut, other crops Sugarcane and cotton are cultivated predominantly in Vellore District.
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Paddy: ➢ Paddy, which is the staple food crop of Tamil Nadu is
extensively cultivated in Vellore District in a normal area of 42, 900 Ha.
➢ And it is cultivated in three major seasons viz., Sornavari (Apr – July), Samba (Aug – Nov) and Navarai (Dec – Mar).
Pulses: ➢ Pulses are a remunerative crop that enables the farmers
to fetch higher income. ➢ In Vellore, pulses is raised in a normal area of 30,000
Hectares of which redgram occupies major area followed by horse gram, black gram, green gram.
Organic Farming: ➢ To promote organic farming through cluster
approach under Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) of certification, Paramparagat Krishi
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Vikas Yojana (PKVY), a three year scheme of National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) is implemented.
➢ The financial assistance was extended for mobilization of farmers, capacity building, and procurement of organic inputs and establishment of organic input production units.
➢ 4 Clusters in Alangayam Block of Vellore district has been adopted for conversion to organic farming through Participatory Guarantee System (PGS).
Nannilam Organic Farm: ➢ Nannilam Organic Farm is a new concept in eco-friendly
tourism for people that do not want to be “tourists” or even “travelers”.
➢ It is meant for those select few who wants to actually understand our country, way of life and culture in a true, authentic way, that not only have a negative impact to the surrounding land and people, but actually gives back to the local families and improves the lands that help us in our efforts.
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RAINFALL: ➢ With distinct periods of rainfall and distribution
pattern, Vellore is entirely dependent on monsoon rains for recharging its water resources and thereby, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe drought.
➢ The average annual rainfall of the District is around 971.1 mm distributed at ❖ 39.8 mm during Winter (January – February),
106.6 in Summer (March – May), ❖ 439.1 in South-West Monsoon (June – September) ❖ 385.6 in North-East Monsoon (October –
December).
Infrastructure facilities:
SOIL TESTING LABORATORY, VELLORE ➢ This laboratory is functioning at Melalathur as head
Headquarters from 1966. ➢ Based on soil analysis suggestions are given with
fertilizer recommendations for major crops grown in the particular village/block.
➢ The quality of irrigation water are analysed in detail and recommendations are given for selecting suitable crops in problematic waters.
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➢ Conducting soil test awareness campaigns in villages to create awareness among farmers regarding usefulness of soil testing and better use of fertilizers.
PESTICIDE TESTING LABORATORY: ➢ Pesticide Testing Laboratory, Vellore was started in the
year 2009. ➢ Objective of the Pesticide Testing Laboratory is to make
availability of Standard Pesticides, Weedicides, Fungicides according to the Insecticides Act 1968 and to eradicate the sales and availability of spurious and non standard pesticides in the market.
LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZER PRODUCTION UNIT: ➢ In Vellore District, one Liquid Bio-Fertilizer Production
Unit was established in Natham Village of Gudiyatham Block under NADP Scheme during August 2017.
➢ The Unit produces Liquid Bio – Fertilizers of Azospirillum for Paddy and other crops, Rhizobium for Pulses and Groundnut and Phosphobacteria and distribute the same to Vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts.
SEED PROCESSING UNITS: There are three Government Seed Processing Units and
four Private Seed Processing Units functioning in Vellore district.
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Government SPUs: ➢ Avarakarai ( Walaja block) ➢ Kalpudur(Katpadi block) ➢ Nemili (Nemili block)
Private SPUs: ➢ Koorambadi (Arcot Block) ➢ Sirukarumbur ( Kaveripakkam block) ➢ Nemili ( Nemili block) ➢ Kalavai ( Thimiri block)
FARMERS TRAINING CENTRE: The Farmers Training Centre mainly aims to impart the
skill Demonstration and Training to the conveners and farmers on new crop varieties, new agronomic practices, Integrated nutrient management, Integrated pest management, Horticultural crop production, Quality seed production, Agricultural marketing technologists, Agri-Engineering technologists, Silk worm rearing, Agro forestry, Live stock rearing & Organic farming.
Forest cover:
The total covered under the forest in the district is 1813
sq.km.which is 29% of the total geographical area.
Economy:
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➢ Vellore has a diversified economy, primarily based
in leather processing, shoe manufacturing, automobile
assembly, precision tool milling, explosive materials
production, and the service industry.
➢ The SIDCO and SIPCOT industrial parks, all vital in the
Vellore economy, are located in Katpadi, Ranipet,
Mukundarayapuram, Vannivedu, and Arakkonam.
Clusters of leather factories are located
in Ambur, Melvisharam, Vaniyambadi, and Ranipet.
➢ Future developments include an electronics
manufacturing cluster (EMC) and leather and
information technology special economic zones.
Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMC):
➢ On 18 January 2014, the Brownfield Electronics
Manufacturing Cluster (EMC) cluster was approved,
making Vellore the first region in Tamil Nadu to develop
such a cluster.
Economic, Social AND Cultural Changes in Vellore in the
20th Century:
➢ The economic condition of the district in the earlier
stages was not very sound , in the absence of the major
industries..
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➢ Besides there has been marked growth of small scale
industries and Tanneries in the district.
➢ This industrial activity has not only generated employm
ent opportunities , but also contributed. Uzhavar to
economic growth the recently introduced ./ Uzhavar
Sandhai., for instance has benefited the rural poor
giving much needed thrust to the economic.
➢ The innovative self help groups of woman are also
playing a very useful role in building rural economy and
helping rural women to be self reliant.
Social Infrastructure:
➢ The Samathuvapurams that are being set up, in various
parts of the district , herald a new era, as social
harmony and peaceful co-existence of
different communities are the basic concept of this
scheme.
➢ The Varumun Kappom Thittam by proving
basic infrastructure to rural folk for a free medical
examination is indeed a milestone in the social history
of Tamil Nadu.
Engineering & manufacturing industries:
➢ Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL),
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➢ ArcelormittalDhamm Processing Private Limited
➢ MRF limited.
➢ Precision tool industries
➢ Explosives industries
➢ Tamil Nadu Industrial Explosives Limited
Medical Tourism Industry in Vellore:
➢ Medical tourism or health tourism is a term initially
refers to the act of patient going to different country for
either urgent or medical procedure or patient traveling
from one place to another for specialized surgical and
other forms of specialized treatment.
Many hospitals such as:
➢ Christian medical college and hospital
➢ Apollo KH Hospital (in Melvisharam),
➢ Sri Narayani Medical Research Center (in Sripuram)
➢ Government Vellore Medical College and
Hospital:VMCH (in Adukamparai)
are elegantly carrying the flag of medical tourism in Vellore.
Vellore Transport:
Road Transport
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➢ District Headquarters Vellore is well connected by road
to major towns and remote villages. Vellore is about
143 KM by road to Chennai( Capital of Tamil Nadu ).
Rail Transport:
➢ Some of the rail way stations in district are Katpadi
Junction , Arakkonam Junction , Vaniyambadi , Ambur ,
Walajah Road Junction .... which connects most of the
towns and villages in the District.
Other Important Places:
Kammavanpettai :
➢ Kammavanpettai(Ranuvapettai) is a village near Vellore. The Indian Army has a number of recruits from the Vellore district (especially from Kammavanpet, which is known as "the military village") and military spending is a major sources of income.
➢ Kammavanpettai Village Youngsters Every Morning they getup and Practice Running and Workout for Physical fitness to Enrollment in Indian Army, Navy, Air Force & Defence.
➢ More than 90% of the families have their men folk in the Army, Air Force and Navy. A few have also joined CRPF and BSF,".
Vellore institute of technology:
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➢ VIT has strong international presence across the world and partnerships with over 300 foreign universities.
➢ Recognized as an Institution of Eminence by Govt. of India.
➢ No. 1 Private University for Innovation as recognized by ARIIA, Govt. of India.
Other Importance:
➢ Halwa made from whole wheat flour or atta is a popular
sweet made in North India. Vellore region's Halwa is the
most popular one after North Indian Halwa.
➢ Makkan Peda is also considered to be another popular
sweet in Vellore.