The LTM term memory LTM

Stru

ctur

es o

f Mem

ory

Proc

esse

s in

Mem

ory

The

Mul

ti-S

tore

Mod

el

of M

emor

y 1

The

Mul

ti-S

tore

Mod

el

of M

emor

y 2

Fact

ors

Aff

ecti

ng

Mem

ory

Name the three types of long-

term memory (LTM).

Define storage.

According to the

multi-store model of memory,

which STM process allows

information to be encoded to

LTM?

What is the main supporting

evidence for the multi-store

model of memory?

Apart from culture,

name the factors that make

people more or less likely

to remember something

successfully and accurately.

1

2

3

4

5

Stru

ctur

es o

f Mem

ory

Proc

esse

s in

Mem

ory

The

Mul

ti-S

tore

Mod

el

of M

emor

y 1

The

Mul

ti-S

tore

Mod

el

of M

emor

y 2

Fact

ors

Aff

ecti

ng

Mem

ory

1

2

3

4

5

The three types of LTM are:

• episodic memory

• semantic memory

• procedural memory.

Storage is the process of

maintaining information in

memory over time, avoiding

forgetting or distortions.

The process that allows

information from STM to be

encoded to LTM according

to the multi-store model of

memory is rehearsal.

The main supporting evidence

for the multi-store model of

memory is the serial position

curve, a finding from an

experiment conducted by

Murdock (1962).

Apart from culture, the factors

that make people more or less

likely to remember something

successfully and accurately are:

• state

• timing

• interference

• context.

GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology





Perc

epti

on a

nd

Sens

atio

nVi

sual

Cue

s an

d D

epth

Pe

rcep

tion

Illus

ions

Illus

ions

Theo

ries

of P

erce

ptio

n

What is perceptual constancy?

Define depth perception.

What is the Necker cube?

Describe Rubin’s vase.

Which theory of perception is

based on the work of James

Gibson?

6

7

8

9

10

Perc

epti

on a

nd

Sens

atio

nVi

sual

Cue

s an

d D

epth

Pe

rcep

tion

Illus

ions

Illus

ions

Theo

ries

of P

erce

ptio

n

6

7

8

9

10

Perceptual constancy is

the ability of the brain’s

perceptual system to make

allowances for changes in the

environment.

Depth perception is the

perceptual process of

interpreting how close or far

away objects are.

The Necker cube is a 2D shape

that tends to be interpreted

as a cube in either of two

orientations.

Rubin’s vase is an illusion that

can be interpreted as either

two faces looking towards

each other, or (using the

space in between the faces) a

vase.

The direct theory of perception

is based on the work of James

Gibson.






Fact

ors

Aff

ecti

ng

Perc

epti

onBr

ain

Dev

elop

men

tN

atur

e an

d N

urtu

rePi

aget

’s Th

eori

es 1

Piag

et’s

Theo

ries

2

What are hallucinations?

What is the brain stem

responsible for?

What does the nature–

nurture debate argue about?

Piaget thought that schemas

develop through which two

processes?

The policeman doll study was

a simpler version of which

experiment?

11

12

13

14

15

Fact

ors

Aff

ecti

ng

Perc

epti

onBr

ain

Dev

elop

men

tN

atur

e an

d N

urtu

rePi

aget

’s Th

eori

es 1

Piag

et’s

Theo

ries

2

11

12

13

14

15

Hallucinations are things that

we perceive in the absence of

real sensations.

The brain stem is responsible

for autonomic functions such

as breathing and heartbeat.

The nature–nurture debate

argues about whether

human psychology is mainly

determined by upbringing/

environment or by genetics.

Piaget thought that schemas

develop through assimilation

and accommodation.

The policeman doll study was

a simpler version of Piaget’s

three mountains problem.






Lear

ning

Sam

plin

gVa

riab

les

and

Hyp

othe

ses

Des

ign

of E

xper

imen

ts 1

Des

ign

of E

xper

imen

ts 2

Define self-efficacy.

Who does the term target

population refer to?

What is a variable?

In experimental design, what

is a control condition?

A key ethical

procedure is seeking

informed consent from

participants – what does

this term mean?

16

17

18

19

20

Lear

ning

Sam

plin

gVa

riab

les

and

Hyp

othe

ses

Des

ign

of E

xper

imen

ts 1

Des

ign

of E

xper

imen

ts 2

16

17

18

19

20

Self-efficacy is a person’s

sense of whether they are

good or bad at something.

Target population refers to

the group of people who the

researcher is interested in

studying.

A variable is any

characteristic, attribute or

environmental condition that

can vary – in other words, it

can have different values.

A control condition is a

condition that is used simply

for comparison – it is used as

a baseline.

Informed consent means that

research participants must

give their consent in full

knowledge of what they are

consenting to.






Non

-exp

erim

enta

l M

etho

dsCo

rrel

atio

n an

d D

ata

Han

dlin

gCo

nfor

mit

yO

bedi

ence

Pros

ocia

l and

Ant

isoc

ial

Beha

viou

r

What is the difference

between qualitative data and

quantitative data?

Correlation studies typically

display findings on which type

of graph?

What was the main aim of

Asch’s study of conformity

(line study)?

How do people behave when

they are in an agentic state?

What is social loafing?

21

22

23

24

25

Non

-exp

erim

enta

l M

etho

dsCo

rrel

atio

n an

d D

ata

Han

dlin

gCo

nfor

mit

yO

bedi

ence

Pros

ocia

l and

Ant

isoc

ial

Beha

viou

r

21

22

23

24

25

Qualitative data is in the form

of spoken/written words or

some other non-numerical

form; quantitative data is in

the form of numbers.

Correlation studies typically

display findings on a scatter

graph.

The main aim of Asch’s study

of conformity (line study) was

to investigate the extent to

which social pressure from

a majority could influence

the likelihood that a person

would conform.

When people are in an

agentic state, they allow

other people to direct

their actions, assuming no

responsibility for their actions

or the consequences.

Social loafing is a

phenomenon whereby a

person exerts less effort to

achieve a goal when they

work in a group than when

they work alone.






The

Poss

ible

Rel

atio

nshi

p Be

twee

n La

ngua

ge a

nd

Thou

ght

Diff

eren

ces B

etw

een

Hum

an

and

Ani

mal

Com

mun

icat

ion

Non

-ver

bal

Com

mun

icat

ion

Expl

anat

ions

of N

on-

verb

al B

ehav

iour

The

Stru

ctur

e an

d Fu

ncti

on

of th

e Br

ain

and

Ner

vous

Sy

stem

What are the two main

theories concerned with

the relationship between

language and thought?

Humans have an open vocal

system – what does this

mean?

Define the term postural

echo.

Darwin’s evolutionary

theory suggested that non-

verbal communication was

innate – what does this term

mean?

Name the two divisions

of the peripheral nervous

system.

26

27

28

29

30

The

Poss

ible

Rel

atio

nshi

p Be

twee

n La

ngua

ge a

nd

Thou

ght

Diff

eren

ces B

etw

een

Hum

an

and

Ani

mal

Com

mun

icat

ion

Non

-ver

bal

Com

mun

icat

ion

Expl

anat

ions

of N

on-

verb

al B

ehav

iour

The

Stru

ctur

e an

d Fu

ncti

on

of th

e Br

ain

and

Ner

vous

Sy

stem

26

27

28

29

30

The two main theories

concerned with the

relationship between

language and thought are

Piaget’s theory and the Sapir-

Whorf hypothesis.

An open vocal system is the

vocal system found in humans

that allows them to combine

known symbols with new

symbols in order to create

new meanings.

Postural echo is the mirroring

or adoption of the same

posture as the person doing

the talking, which encourages

mutual positive feelings.

Innate means something (such

as an ability) that you are

born with.

The two divisions of the

peripheral nervous system are

the somatic system and the

autonomic system.






Neu

ron

Stru

ctur

e an

d Fu

ncti

onLo

calis

atio

n of

Fun

ctio

n in

the

Brai

nLo

calis

atio

n of

Fun

ctio

n in

the

Brai

nA

n In

trod

ucti

on to

N

euro

psyc

holo

gyA

n In

trod

ucti

on to

M

enta

l Hea

lth

31

32

33

34

35

Neu

ron

Stru

ctur

e an

d Fu

ncti

onLo

calis

atio

n of

Fun

ctio

n in

the

Brai

nLo

calis

atio

n of

Fun

ctio

n in

the

Brai

nA

n In

trod

ucti

on to

N

euro

psyc

holo

gyA

n In

trod

ucti

on to

M

enta

l Hea

lth

31

32

33

34

35

Relay neurons carry messages

from one part of the central

nervous system to another

– they connect motor and

sensory neurons.

The somatosensory area of

the brain is concerned with

the sensation of the body.

The parietal lobe is

responsible for processing

sensory information that

is associated with taste,

temperature and touch.

The three main scanning techniques used to identify brain functioning are:• fMRI (Functional Magnetic

Resonance Imaging)• CT or CAT scan

(Computerised Axial Tomography)

• PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography).

Self actualisation is the

realisation of your talents and

potentialities.

What do relay neurons do?

Describe the function of the

somatosensory area of the

brain.

What is the parietal lobe

responsible for?

Which three main scanning

techniques are used to

identify brain functioning?

Self actualisation is

one of the characteristics of

ideal mental health – what

does this term mean?






Effe

cts

of M

enta

l Hea

lth

Prob

lem

s on

Indi

vidu

als

and

Soci

ety

Char

acte

rist

ics

of

Clin

ical

Dep

ress

ion

Theo

ries

of D

epre

ssio

n an

d In

terv

enti

onCh

arac

teri

stic

s of

A

ddic

tion

Theo

ries

of A

ddic

tion

an

d In

terv

enti

ons

36

37

38

39

40

Effe

cts

of M

enta

l Hea

lth

Prob

lem

s on

Indi

vidu

als

and

Soci

ety

Char

acte

rist

ics

of

Clin

ical

Dep

ress

ion

Theo

ries

of D

epre

ssio

n an

d In

terv

enti

onCh

arac

teri

stic

s of

A

ddic

tion

Theo

ries

of A

ddic

tion

an

d In

terv

enti

ons

36

37

38

39

40

Mental health issues can

affect physical wellbeing by:

• reducing the function of

the immune system

• leading to a greater

susceptibility to infection.

The two main types of

depression are unipolar

depression and bipolar

depression.

A holistic approach treats the

whole person (taking into

account mental and social

factors) rather than just the

symptoms of depression.

Addiction refers to a

behaviour that leads to

dependency; substance abuse

is where the substance (often

a drug) is used in amounts

that are harmful to the user

but does not necessarily lead

to dependency.

Aversion therapy works by

conditioning the individual

into experiencing an

unpleasant reaction when

engaging in the unwanted

activity.

Give two ways in which

mental health issues can

affect physical wellbeing.

What are the two main types

of depression?

What is meant by a holistic

approach to treating

depression?

What is the difference

between addiction and

substance abuse?

How does aversion therapy

work?






The LTM term memory LTM

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