THE LONDON UNDERGROUND. AKA “The Tube” Oldest underground network in the world 270 stations 11...
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Transcript of THE LONDON UNDERGROUND. AKA “The Tube” Oldest underground network in the world 270 stations 11...
THE LONDON UNDERGROUND
• AKA “The Tube”• Oldest underground
network in the world• 270 stations• 11 lines• 270 miles • 3.2 million passengers
Why underground?
• Congested streets• No transport links to
the City
• Idea by Charles Pearson• Received financial backing in 1854
Opened 1863 Opened 1868
Opened 1884
Charles PearsonSolicitor , City of London
ConstructionCut and Cover Method
The Tunnelling Shield
• Invented by James Henry Greathead
• Deep underground tunnels• Eliminated disruption• Protected workers and
stopped tunnel subsiding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=YDFpC4O0roA#t=220s
• Dig three metres a day• First line finished in
four years
Used in the construction of:
• Last line: extension of Jubilee Line, 1999• Connected Canary Wharf financial district
Tunnel constructed by Kawasakio Earth Pressure Balance (E.P.B) boring machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=2W6KLvwz-CU#t=47s
The trains
• Steam trains• Ventilation
• Used on sub-surface lines
• First used 1890• Deep level tube lines• Cleaner, quieter, faster
The Tube today
The Future
• Currently under construction• “Underground mainline” service• Connect the City, Heathrow and West End with
commuter areas
• Direct travel across the city• Reduce congestion on Tube
New trains:• 200m long• 1500 person capacity• Accessible for people with restricted mobility• Comfortable passenger experience
Paddington
Tottenham Court Road
Canary Wharf
The Route
New York City Subway
• First line opened in 1904
• 10 major trunk lines
• 421 stations• Runs some 24
hour lines
Paris Metro
• 16 lines• 301 stations• Main construction
1900-1920• Dense network 245
stations within 34 sq miles
Tokyo
• 8.7 million passengers a day• 13 lines• 274 stations• Began operation
1927