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The LNG engineering solution

The LNG engineering solution – information and standards 2 I

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is purified natural gas containing more than 90 % methane and cooled down to –161 °C. In this state it is odourless, colourless, little toxic and non-corrosive. It is more than 600 times more compact than in its gaseous state and weighs half as much as water. Natural gas can be trans-ported safely and cost-effectively by sea in the form of LNG, with the aid of special tankers. This makes it a significant alternative to pipeline-bound natural gas. Experts are of the opinion that LNG will be the fastest growing energy source in the next 20 years. It is assumed that global reserves will not be ex- hausted for many years.

New exportation methods have en- abled additional gas sources to be opened up and states to join in the international gas business which were previously barred from this market on the basis of their location. Gas-rich countries, particularly in the Arabian and Asian regions, have been investing in liquefaction plants and port terminals for some years. The major LNG exporters are at present Qatar, Indonesia, Malaysia and Nigeria. Importing countries are most notably Japan, India and South Korea.

Natural gas is highly sensitive and easily inflammable. For this reason strict safety regulations must be ob- served and safety precautions taken in LNG trains, the large industrial plants for liquefaction and regasifi-cation of natural gas. STAHL Crane- Systems is known internationally as an explosion protection specialist and is regarded as world market leader in explosion protection tech- nology. As a developer of numerous innovations in this field we have had palpable influence on crane technol- ogy. The experience and know-how from many decades, our own funda- mental development, approvals from the Federal Physico-Technical Institute (PTB) and other inspection authorities in many countries around the world underline our expertise.

All explosion-protected hoist and crane components and our system- atic engineering solutions are based on our standard programmes. All parts come from our in-house production with certified quality assurance system, from motor and brake to control and switchgear. This ensures the complete high-quality explosion protection on which users, crane manufacturers and systems manufacturers all over the world have relied for decades. The strict ATEX directives and IECEx regulations on mechanical and electrical explosion protection are of course met.

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Main LNG trade route LNG liquefaction plant LNG receiving terminal LNG liquefaction plant with LNG hoists from STAHL CraneSystems

LNG receiving terminal with LNG hoists from STAHL CraneSystems

References

Qatar Gas

Chevron

Exxon Mobile

Dolphin Energy Ltd.

Woodside Energy Ltd.

CNOOC

Formosa Petrochemical Corp.

Sagas

Enagas

Gazprom

Petronet LNG Ltd.

PTT LNG

Aker Kvaerner Contracting

Jingbian Xilan Gas Co.

Ningxia Hanas LNG Co., Ltd.

LNG plants The LNG hoists from STAHL CraneSystems have been designed especially for maintenance work in natural gas liquefaction plants (LNG). Thanks to their high-quality components and robust design they are ideal for use near the coast in challenging climate conditions.Equipped with two rope drums, two ropes, two gears and two motors, they are explosion-protected and certified in compliance with the strict ATEX directives and IECEx regulations.

The pumps which pump the liquid natural gas into a pipeline system at a temperature of –161 °C must be lifted out of the tanks and transported to the exterior for maintenance up to five times a year. The extreme conditions prevailing in the tank necessitate special ropes which are perma-nently connected to the liquid gas pump and remain in the tank all the time. For maintenance work, these ropes are attached to the wire rope hoist by means of rope clamps, so that no hook is necessary. As all safety-relevant components are doubled up, the hoisting proce- dure can continue without disruption even if a rope should break. Only one rope acts as hoisting rope when lifting the pump. The second hoist runs alongside with a dead rope as backup. If the load rope should break during the hoisting procedure, the second wire rope hoist carries on hoisting. The shock-absorbing rocking sus- pension of the hoist cushions the impact of the abrupt load change.

Thanks to their redundant design and rocking suspension, STAHL CraneSystems’ LNG wire rope hoists are regarded as the safest hoists presently available on the market.

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The LNG engineering solution

�� Constructed from field-proven series components�� Hoist, gear, drum and motor

doubled up�� Off-standard ropes connected by

rope clamps, special recess in the drum for the rope clamp�� Design minimises risk if a rope

should break�� Integrated load sensors monitor the

suspended load�� Reliable, high-performance, low-

maintenance, mechanisms classi-fied in accordance with FEM�� Special-purpose equipment for use

in LNG plants�� Approvals to ATEX and IECEx

standards

The facts

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In the new Gate Terminal in the Port of Rotterdam several explosion-protected off-standard wire rope hoists with a load capacity of 2 x 2,400 kg are in use. The hoist is equipped with two independently driven rope drums. A pressure roller is used here instead of a rope guide. The rope is pressed onto an end clamp to fit the quick- action connection on the rope drum. The wire rope hoists are treated with a special corrosion-resistant paint for saline conditions.

Rope drums Ropes Hoist gear Reeving

Level 1 1 1 1 1/1

Level 2 2 2 1 1/1

Level 3 2 2 2 1/1

Level 3A non-rocking suspension

Level 3B rocking suspension

STAHL CraneSystems offers suitable wire rope hoists for all safety levels.

Maximum safety level 3B: normal operation even after rope breakage

Normal operation with 1/1 reeving

Accident!The rope breaks.

Normal operation with second hoist unit

At Qatar Gas, redundantly designed explosion-protected LNG wire rope hoists with articulated trolleys are used at maximum safety level 3B. The hoists have a load capacity of 6,500 kg, thanks to their rocking suspension and supplementary equipment they are regarded as the safest hoists on the market.

The LNG engineering solution 6 I

�� Load sensors in type of protection Ex i are integrated into the swivelling suspension points of the off-standard hoist to detect the load�� The arrangement of the two sensors

ensures that the load is measured even if a rope should break, and thus prevents overloading the hoist �� The load summation integrated into the

control guarantees maximum safety

Overload cut-off

�� The shock-absorbing rocking suspension reduces the load peaks in the event of a sudden load change between the two hoists

Suspension

�� Flameproof cable glands preventing the transmission of an explosion to the exterior are installed for the direct entry of cables into housings�� Post-type bushing

Cable entryControl pendant

�� The SWH 5 ex control pendants are designed specifically for controlling hoists and cranes in explosion-risk areas�� 2-step design�� EMERGENCY STOP palm button complying

with IEC/EN 60947-5-5�� IP 66 protection of casing�� The incorporated elements are protected

by flameproof enclosure ›d‹, increased safety ›e‹ and protection by housing ›tD‹.

There is a challenging industry behind the natural gas liquefaction plants. Working with inflammable gas is hazardous. As leader in explosion-protected crane technology, STAHL CraneSystems supplies suitable hoisting equipment for all fields of LNG technology. The range extends from explosion-protected standard wire rope hoists for day-to-day maintenance work to the doubly safeguarded LNG wire rope hoists guaranteeing a maximum of safety.

It is reassuring to know what convincing technlogy is concealed behind each hoist and each component. Everything is perfectly coordinated and thus pro-vides unvarying high performance, long service life and high efficiency.

The technology

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�� The compact panel boxes are made of light metal or stainless steel depending on operating conditions and application�� High degree of safety ensured by

non-wear main contactor, long service life of switching contactors

Panel box and control

�� Safe explosion-protected sliding rotor brake motor with conical brake and centrif-ugal mass for low-vibration acceleration and braking�� Motors for Zone 1 and Zone 21 are

manufactured of grey cast iron, the type of protection is combined of flameproof enclosure ›d‹, increased safety ›e‹ and protection by housing ›tD‹.

Motors

�� Visual and acoustic signal transmitters such as horn and flashing light meet ATEX directives and IECEx regulations. They can be used in Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 21 and Zone 22�� The signal transmitters can be activated

by a button in the control pendant

Signal transmitters

�� Customers’ off-standard ropes for pump maintenance are attached with rope clamps�� The quick-action connection means that,

depending on the intended application, the hoist can be equipped without difficulty with a bottom hook block

Rope clamp

�� The type of protection of all wheels is constructional safety ›c‹.�� As an option, brass wheels are available

to avoid the formation of sparks

Wheels

�� Off-standard rope drum to accommodate a work rope, provided with a recess for a rope clamp�� The area of the drum without grooves is

intended to accommodate pump ropes of varying diameter

Rope drum

F-PB

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STAHL CraneSystems GmbH Daimlerstr. 6, 74653 Künzelsau, Germany Tel +49 7940 128-0, Fax +49 7940 55665marketing@stahlcranes.com

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