The Living Environment Study Guide 2015 - · PDF fileHillside Arts & Letters Academy The...

Hillside Arts & LettersAcademy

The LivingEnvironmentStudy Guide

2015Review Book Answer Key

+

by Gregory Arnold

Answer Key for HALA Living Environment Student Review Book 2015

Topic 1A1. 12. 33 .

4. 45 . 26 . 47 . 28. 19. Digestion - Chemically break down large molecules

to small molecules that can be dissolved by thefluids present in the organism (molecules madeusable).

Synthesis - making larger molecules from smaller molecules. The molecules from Digestion are used to Synthesize larger molecules that are used by the organism10. 311. 312. 313. 214. 315. 416. 417. 218. 2

Topic 1B1. 32. 33. 44. 45. 26. 37. 18. 49. 310. 211. 212. • Mitochondrion or Mitochondria

• Cellular Respiration or just Respiration• Glucose (Simple Sugar), Oxygen and/or Water• ATP - ATP is used to supply the energy necessary

to maintain an organism's metabolism (Keep the organism alive).13. 114. 315. 1

16. 117. • The Nucleus contains DNA which carries the code

for making proteins. The Ribosomes synthesizesprotein from amino acids.• The DNA in the nuclecus contains the instructionsfor making the proteins in ribosomes. Some ofthese proteins are used for forming structureswithin the nucleus.

Many Other Answers!

18. 319. Cell 1 - It contains chloroplasts & a cell wall 20. Photosynthesis

Topic 1C1. 22. 43. 44. Size - Molecule B is smaller than molecule A5. Size of the molecule6.

7. 48. Diffusion9. Water entered the potato cells by diffusion10. 411. 412. 413. 114.

15. Salt16. Water17.

LE Study Guide (Student Review Book) Answers Page: 2©2015 G. Arnold HALA

18.

19. Use eyedropper to place several drops of saltwaterat the edge of the coverslip. Place a paper towel onthe opposite edge to draw the salt water under &across.

20.

21. 222. 123. 224. 125. 326. 327. 128. Active Transport29. 230. 331. 232. Cell Membrane33. 234. 1. Active Transport uses energy (ATP)

2. Molecules move from areas of lowerconcentration to areas of higher concentrationduring active transport, the opposite of diffusion.

35. Water moved into the cell by diffusion36. 80% - there was no net movement of water into the

model cell37. 238.

39. The starch solution turns blue-black in the presenceof starch Indicator.

40. 141. 2

42. 443. 444. & 45.

46. 447. Diffusion48. 249. 250. The receptor molecules will not accept the hormones

because they have different shapes 51. 252. 153. 354. 355. 1

Topic 1D1. An increase in simple sugars, amino acids or carbon

dioxide or a decrease in the amount of oxygen2. 13. Most food molecules are too large and must be

digested and made smaller to pass through the cellmembrane

4. 25. 46. 17. 18. 39. Damage nerve or muscle or a chemical that stops the

function of chemical messenger or receptor10. 111.


12. 313. 214. 215. 216. 217. 118. 119a. Circulatory - move substances throughout the

organism.Digestive - breakdown large insoluble moleculesinto small soluble molecules that can enter thebloodstream and cells.

19b. • Circulatory - heart attack• the heart cannot pump the blood properly,reducing the amount of oxygen available to bodycells for cellular respiration (making ATP)• Prevented by eating heart healthy foods andtreated by asprin and other blood thinning drugs.

20. 321. 322. 4

Topic 2A1. 22. Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen3. The Euglena is able to change light energy into food.

The food is used to provide energy for lifeactivities.

4a. Light4b. Chemical bonds of glucose (organic molecules or

food)5 . By photosynthesis, light energy is used to combine

inorganic molecules (H2O & CO2) into glucose (food.)

The energy in glucose powers the world's food web. 6. 27. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

8. Chloroplasts9. 410. 111. 212. 413. 314. 115. 216. 117. 118. 219. 120. 221. 122. 223. 224. 425. 426. 427. • Chloroplasts

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Water (H20)

• Glucose (C6H12O6)

• Glucose is broken down by respiration to produce

ATP, a form of energy used to maintain (power)the metabolism of organisms.• Oxygen is used by most organisms during theprocess of respiration.

28. Photosynthesis29. Carbon dioxide increases and Oxygen decreases30. Carbon dioxide decreases and Oxygen increases

Topic 2B

1. C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP or

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP2. ATP, energy necessary for life activities

(metabolism) is produced by respiration3. 24. 45. 46. 47. 38. 39. 310. 211. 212. 313. 214. Chemical bonds of glucose15. ATP16. ATP is produced. ATP is the form of energy used by

organisms for life activities. 17. 418. 319. 420. 221. Lost as heat to environment or used for Life

Activities. 22. 223. Carbon dioxide - Cellular Respiration 24. 3


25. To 27.

28. As the temperture increases, the rate of gasproduction in yeast increases.

29. Carbon dioxide30. More oxygen and glucose are supplied to the muscle

cells as blood flow increases. Oxygen and glucoseare used make ATP by respiration.

31. Photosynthesis - Increases OxygenRespiration - Decreases Oxygen

32. 233. 334. 135. 336. 337. 338. • Mitochondrion or Mitochondria

• Glucose and Oxygen• ATP• ATP is used as the source of energy for lifeactivities (metabolism)• Carbon dioxide produced by respiration is used bythe process of photosynthesis

Topic 2C1. 32. 13. 24. 25. D6. They have corresponding complementary shapes,

that is one will fit into the other. 7. 2

8. 29. 210. 111. 212. 213. The rate of reaction would increase.14. - 15.

16. 35 °C as it is the highest point on the activitygraph.

17. Enzyme18. 419. 220. 221. 122. 423. 224. 225. 126. 327. 428. 229. 330. 131. 332. • The activity of pepsin decreases as it passes into

the small intestine.• It decreases because pepsin works best at pH 1.0-3.0 and the pH in the Small intestine is 7.5 -9.0.

• Human enzymes work best at 37 °C, normal bodytemperature. At 40 °C, enzyme action woulddecrease.

• The shape of an enzyme molecule determines theenzyme's function. Ptyalin and trypsin havedifferent shapes corresponding to the shapes of theirsubstrates.

33. 334. Enzyme action would decrease as the new

temperature is 10 °C lower than the enzyme'soptimal temperature.


Topic 2D1. 22 . This behavior helps to keep these organisms body

temperature within a functional range. 3. 24. 25. 16. 37. 38. 29. 110. 311. 112. 413. 214. 215. 416. If the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood becomes

to high, insulin is released by the pancreas causingcertain body cells to absorb the excess sugar.

17. The individual consumed food containing simplesugars.

18. - 19.

20. 321. 422. 423. 324. 125. 126. • Insulin • Pancreas • Defective receptors could render the hormone

ineffective. 27. 328. 229. 230. 431. 132. Skeletal Muscle

During exercise the muscle need increase blood flowto supply the increase demand of oxygen necessaryfor cellular respiration (making ATP).

33. 134. 135. 436. 137a. Guard Cell37b. Proper gas exchanged would not occur between the

cells within the leaf and the atmosphere. 38. 4

Topic 2E1. Bites from infected deer ticks. 2. Protect themselves from being bitten by ticks by

using insect repellent or wear light clothes so theycan be removed

3. Headaches muscle aches and joint pain4. Lyme disease can lead to chronic arthritis and

disorders of the heart.5. 46. If ingested, it can cause fever, diarrhea, vomiting

and dehydration.7. The bacteria needs time to multiply and produce the

toxin that causes the symptoms.8. 19. Bacteria10. Render them ineffective temperature changes the

shape of enzymes and denatures them. 11. High salt concentrations can cause water to move

out of an organism, dehydrating the organism. 12. 213. 314. The presence of antigens can bring about an immune

response increasing the number of WBCs.15. Some white blood cells can produce antibodies while

others can kill and engulf pathogens. 16. 117. 318. 319. 220. 421. 222.

23. A change in its DNA or a mutation24. Parasite - host 25. • A virus

• The Immune System• Aids weakens the immune system leaving theperson susceptible to other diseases, such as cancerand pneumonia.

• avoid taking illegal intravenous drugs and avoidexchanging body fluids with other individuals

26. 227. • An antigen is a foreign substance that causes an

immune response. They are usually proteinsattached to the outside of pathogens.


• White Blood cells recognize the antigens and thenmakes the antibodies to fight them

• The antibodies made are very specific, onlyfighting the antigen for which they were made

• People usually do not become sick when given avaccine because the vaccines are made from dead,weakened or parts from a pathogen.

28. 429. 330. 231. Dead, weakned or parts from a pathogen32. Immune system33. Once the immune system learn how to make

antibodies to fight a pathogen, it remembers how tomake more antibodies to fight the same pathogen inthe future.

34. - 36.• Immune system• Allergic reaction• She quickly recovered when she was removedfrom the allergin (substance causing the allergy)

37. 138. 339. 340. 141. 142. 243. 144. Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. These

may increase more rapidly when competition isreduced by removing competing varieties ofbacteria.

45. 146. - 48.

49. 150. Insulin51. 2

Topic 3A1. 32. 23. Nucleus

Chromosome

Gene

4. 25. 36. 37. 38. 39. 4

Topic 3B1. 42. 23. 14. 25. 26. 17. 38. 49. 210. 211. Each type of cell used different genes of the same

DNA12. 413. 314. 215. 216. 117. 418. 319. 320. GAU/GAC UGG UGU/UGC 21. UGA or UAA or UAG22. - 23.

24. The amino acid SER is replaced by the Amino AcidARG.

25. • Amino Acids• Ribosomes

26. 427. 128. 4


29. 230. 331. 132. 433. 234. 235. 436. 137. Structure 2, the nucleus, contains DNA which

contain the instructions for assembling Amino Acidsinto proteins at structure 1, a ribosome.

38. 139. 340. 141. 1

Topic 3C1. 32. 43. 14. 45. 36. 47. 38. 29. 410. 311. ATGCATGCA (any 9 base sequence)12. AAGCATGCA (any different 9 base sequence)13. 214. 315. 116. 417. A mutation in a gamete will affect every cell in a

new organism formed from fertilization with thisgamete. A mutation in a body cell can spread withinan organism but it dies when the organism dies.

18. 319. 220. 321. 122. 223. 324. 325. 226. Radiation or Ultra violet light 27. 428. 229. 430. 131. 132. Met - Cys - Val - Cys - Pro33. The first Cysteine would be replaced by Tryptophan.34. GGG and GGT code for the same Amino Acid35. 336. Proline would be replaced by Threonine, changing

the shape and therefore the function of the protein.

Topic 3D1. 32. 33. 24. 35. • Selective Breeding • Cross the wheat resistant to disease with the

wheat that has more nutrients. Some of theoffspring might have both the desiredcharacteristics.• All of the offspring might have both of theundesirable characteristics.

6. 17. Insulin.

Insulin produced by bacteria with inserted humangenes costs much less to produce than extractinginsulin from animal pancreases. Bacteria insulin is"human insulin." It is more compatible to humansthan "Animal insulin."

8. 29. 210. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. The gene was inserted into the first cell of the plant

and every cell produced from this original cell willhave a copy of the gene.

16. 317. 318. • Genetic testing can sometimes be used to

determine if someone is predisposed to a disease.This can lead to early treatment with better results.• Genetic testing is being used to test cancer cells toproduce more targeted drugs in treatment.• Discrimination may occur if a personpredisposition to a disease is known. Would youwant to employ, go out with or even marry someonethat is going to have a serious disorder later on inlife?

19. 4

Topic 4A1. 22. 43. 14. 15. Both bread molds will have the same DNA. 6. 37. 38. 29. 410. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 116. 2


17. 118. Each parent contributes 1/2 of their DNA to their

offspring. The offspring may look similar to one orboth parents because it has some DNA from both butnever identical because its DNA is different fromboth parents.

19. 220. 121. • both methods of reproduction produces offspring

• Sexual involves a fusion of gametes, one fromeach of 2 parents, while asexual involves 1 parent.• Asexual - bacteria• Sexual - humans

22. 4

Topic 4B1. 22. 43. 14. 25. 46. 17. 38. 29. 410. 411. 312. Each parent contributes 1/2 of the offspring's DNA.13. 414. 415. 116. 417. 318. 319.

20. 1. Mitosis produces daughter cells having the sameDNA as the parent while cells produced by meiosishave 1/2 the amount of DNA than the parent cell.2. Mitosis involves 1 division while meiosis involves2 divisions.

21. 4

Topic 4C1. 42. 43. 44. 15. 16. 17. 18. 3

9. During gamete formation, the genetic information ishalved (1/2). Each parent provides 1/2 of the DNA.

10. During fertilization, the zygote has all the DNA, halffrom the egg and half from the sperm.

11. At least half of the DNA sequencing would be thesame as the mother provided 1/2 of the baby's DNA.

12. The girls would look alike because they all sharesome of the same DNA contributed by the mother andfather.

13. 314. 215. 116. 417. Muscle cells and nerve cells use different portions

(genes) of identical DNA. 18. 119. 120. 321. 422. 123. 124. 225. 226. 127. 328. 429. 330. It might be possible to make new cells to replace the

damaged cells of Alzheimer's or Parkinson'sdiseases.

31. 332. 233. 334. 3

Topic 4D1. 32. 33. 14. 45. A6. D7. These substances help neutralize acids in the Female

and provides a medium allowing sperm to swim. 8. 19. 210. 211. 212. 313. C14. B15. A16. C17. A18. 219. 320. 221. 322. 123. 2


24. The uterus - When an embryo implants in the uterus,a placenta with an umbilical cord develops, providingnutrients and oxygen from the mother to thedeveloping baby.

25. 126. 127. 128. 429. 330. 431. 132. 133. 334. 435. 3

Topic 4E1. Pregnant women should avoid X-rays, smoking,

drugs and alcohol.2. 13. 34. 45. • Sickle cell anemia

• Microscopic analysis of the blood.• Blood cells are sickled shape and cannoteffectively carry oxygen to body cells, causing pain.

6. The sperm can be shipped so the male animal neednot be present.

Topic 5A1. 42. 23. 14. Species C and B have a more recent Common

Ancestor (F) than species A and C5. 46. 37. 48. 49. 210. or

11. 212. No - According to this tree, turtles are closer to

birds than snakes. Snakes are in their own groupwhile turtles are in the bird group.

13. The pig is more closely related to the dog becausebecause they share a more recent common ancestor.

14. 115. 116. 217. 218. 319. Organism A and Organism C

They have the most similar characteristics than any

other pair.20. Similar Anatomy (Bone structure)21. 222. 123. 424. They all have similar protein molecules indicating

they would have similar DNA.25. 326. 427. 328. 329. 430. 231. 432. 333. 4

Topic 5B1. 12 . • Overproduction

• More organisms are produced than can supportedby the environment, so most die.• Most fit (best adapted) organism survive (tohopefully reproduce and pass on their genes).

3. Sharp-billed ground finch and Small ground finch Same type of bills and both eat mainly plant food.Many answers - be sure both eat same food!

4 . One eats plants while the othe eats animals so theydon't compete with one another.

5 . Large ground finch It has a large bill that could break open seeds withthick coverings.

6. 37 . Competition - the size of one species was effecting

the ability of the other species to get food.8. 39. 210. 211. 212. The faster rabbit trait would increase as more of

them will survive and produce offspring.13. More likely to be eaten and never get the chance to

produce offspring.14. The fast rabbit lost its advantage since it may not

see the predator, and the trait's frequency maydecrease.

15. 116. 117. 218. The number & length of the spines on their seed

coat.19. • Coloration - ability to hide from its predators.

• Eyesight - ability to find food.• Speed - ability to get to food first and avoidpredators.

20. 421. 422. 423. 324. 1


25. Thick walled bacteria have an adaptation that allowsit to survive. Over time, only thick walled bacteriawould be found in the culture indicating a change inthe species.

26. 127. 128. 329. - 32.

33. 334. 435. 136. 137. 138. 339. 340. 441. 442. 143. 244. 345. • All bats within a given area compete with one

another for food. Bats with stronger flight muscleshave an advantage in capturing more insects becausethey are quicker.• The quicker greater fed bats have a greaterchance of surviving and producing offspring.• Over time the frequency of these quicker batswould increase.

46. 447. • All Hawks within a given area compete with one

another for food. Hawks with better eyesight havean advantage in getting food because they seeclearer.• The better eyesight hawks would have a greaterchance of surviving and producing offspring.• Over time the frequency of these sharper seeing

hawks would increase.• If the hawks with better eyesight had weak flightmuscles, they may see the food but would unable toget the food. The advantageous of better eyesightwould be canceled out by the weak flight muscles.These hawks would eventually die out.

Topic 5C1. 22. 23. 34. 15. 36. 37. 48. 29. 310. The girls would look different because each would

inherit different genes from the same parents.11. 212. 113. 314. 415. 116. 217. 1. Mutation - A change in the DNA. It could be a

major change such as an extra chromosome or asmall change such as a change in one of the DNAbases. This change may change the shape of theprotein produced, therefore altering its function.2. Recombination - Occurs during sexualreproduction. When fertilization occurs, each parentcontributes 1/2 the genes resulting in newcombinations of genes and therefore variation.

18. 419. 4

Topic 5D1. 32. 43. 14. 35. 16. 37. Most species tha lay many eggs do not provide

parental care and most of the offspring do notsurvive.

8. 1. Great parental care.2. Babies are large, increasing their survivalchances.

9 . When birds eat a monarch butterfly they get sick.Since it has distinct coloration, birds learn whichbutterfly to avoid in the future.

10. Birds avoid viceroy butterflies because they mimicthe bad tasting monarch butterfly.

11. (1) Keeps other plants from blocking the sun, whichis necessary for photosynthesis(2) kills pathogens thereby decreasing the chancesthese disease causing organism can harm the plant.


12. The population would decrease as the chemicalswould create areas around many other types ofplants where this plant would not be able to grow.

13. Its population would decrease because much of plantswould not be edible because they are poisonous.

14. With a decreased population of herbivores, therewould be a corresponding decrease in carnivores dueto a lack of food (carnivores eat herbivores).

Topic 5E1. 12. 43. 34. 25. 26. 37. 28. Adaptations from mutations and recombination

allowed these organisms to survive is differentenvironments.

9. 310. 411. 312. 113. • Not all medflies are the same. Some are

genetically resistant to pesticides.• This adaptation, being resistant to pesticides isvery important when the medfly is exposed to thepoison.• Since these medflies are resistant to thepesticide, they have a good chance of surviving thepoison.• The medflies that survive could produce manyoffspring that are also resistant to the pesticide,making the pesticide ineffective (useless).

14. • Rabbits are not genetically the same. Each rabbithas its own unique DNA, and could have a gene thatprotects them from Myxoma sp virus .• Rabbits with this adaptation, being immune fromthe Myxoma sp virus, were rare.• Only a very small percent of the rabbits had thisvariation as 99.8% of the rabbits died when thevirus was applied the first time.• Those few rabbits that survived are an example of"Survival of the fittest." These rabbits reproducedand many of their offspring also contained thevariation of this gene with an high adaptive value.Today, Australian rabbits are not affected by thisvirus.

15. 416. 117. 118. 119. - 23.

• Mutation• A new combination of DNA bases occurs giving thebacteria resistance to the antibiotic. Once rare,these bacteria are becoming more and more commonbecause of the overuse of antibiotics.• These resistant bacteria can multiply and cause a

disease that is hard to cure since some antibiotics donot work as well as they once did.• Stop using antibiotic unless absolutely needed, andwhen prescribed, follow the directions given by thedoctor.• Some people may be sick longer and in extremecases, die.

24. 4

Top ic6A1. 32. 23. 14. 45. 36. 47. Water, Temperature, or Dissolve Oxygen8. 49. 210. 311. 112. 313. 314. 215. 116. 117. 218. 319. 220. 421. 422. 123. 224. Each species uses different resources from the same

environment. 25. 426. 327. 328. 429. The coyotes ran out of food or the population

decreased due to a predator or disease. 30. 431. 432. 333. 234. The finches have different niches, and are not

competing for the same food.35. 336. 137. Small tree finch

Only the small tree finch of the 3 finches in thequestion eat insects.

Topic 6B1. Plants (by photosynthesis) 2. Plants nee light to survive and they are on the

bottom of the lake.3. Producers can convert inorganic molecules into food

by using energy from light. Carnivores cannot.4. 4


5. 36. 47. 48. 39. 110. Small fish11. 212. They feed on dead animals that they did not kill.13. 114. 115. 316. 417. 318. 419. 420. 221. 422. 223. 424. 425. 426. 327. 228. 229. Mountain lions are predators of these sheep and by

killing the lions, less sheep will be killed andconsumed.

30. 331. There would be less wolves because there would be

less reindeer as they eat plants and there are lessplants.

32. 233. 334. 335. 136. 137. 238. 339. 340. There would be more Walleyed Pike. (Also less

Zooplankton.)41. 342. 443. 344. 145. 446. 3

47.

48. 149. Arrows represent the flow of energy. Energy is

passing from the plants to the herbivores.50. 451. 152. Predator: Mountain lion; Prey: Deer & rabbit or Predator: Hawk; Prey: snake, rabbit, mouse or

frog

Topic 6C1. 12. 13 . • Carbon dioxide (CO2)

• Photosynthesis• Source of Energy for life processes• Respiration

4. 15. 36. • Wolves

• Sun —> Grass —> Deer & Rabbits —> Wolves or

• Worms or Fish• Sun —> Pond algae —> Rotifers —> Worms —> Fish

7. 38. 29. 210. 411. They use it for their own metabolism, giving off

heat to their environment. 12. Route B - Only 10% of the energy is passed from

one organism to the next because organisms usemost of the energy they obtain for their ownmetabolism. Route A - 1% transfer Route B - 10% transfer

13. 414. 2


15. 216. Algae, a producer, contains the most energy in this

energy pyramid. 17. 418. Energy is lost whenever energy is passed from one

level to the next. 19. 120. 421. 122. 323. 224. 425. 326. 427. Grass28. 4

Topic 6D1. 22. 43. 14. 25. 26. 37. 1. To keep ecosystems more stable with more

pathways for energy to move through the food web.2. To preserve specimens that might have medicaluse.

8. They might have agricultural or medical importance. 9. 110. Animals are sensitive to the amount of available DO

(Dissolve Oxygen) might not be able to survive inwarm water which holds less DO.

Topic 6E1. 22. 33. 24. 45. 46. 47. 48. 39. 110. 411. 112. Ecological Succession13. It will disappear and turn into a forest. 14. Forest fire15. Logging16. 117. 218. 319. 2

Topic 7A1. 22. 2

3. - 4.

5. Oil or Coal 6. Solar or Hydro7. Air Pollution8. 49. • As the population increases, there will be more

demand for materials to make products. This willcause stress on many of our natural resources.• The materials collected by recycling can be reusedto make new products with the added advantage ofless debris in landfills.

• Metals, glass, plastic and paper can be recycled.10. 411. 112. 413. The farmer is removing soil nutrients without

replacing them by using fertilizer, manure orcompost.

14. 315. 116. The "problem" is just moved to another site.17. The natural process was speeded up by injecting air,

water and fertilixer into the contaminated soil.18. 4

Topic 7B1. 12. 43. 14. 25. 36. 4


7. 38. 49. 110. 311. 1

Topic 7C1 . • Humans use fertilizer. Fertilizer contains

phosphorous and nitrogen and it is getting in thewater with runoff.• When fertilizer enters lakes and rivers, it causesan algae bloom which depletes the O2 at night killinganimals.• Humans should stop using fertilizer near waters.

2. 23. 34. (1) Bald Eagles

(2) Flyer Otter5. Eight species of animals have made little or no

progress towards recovery. 6. 17. 48. 19. • Electric is produced in coal fuel plants. These

plants give off sulphur and nitrogen emissions. Theseemissions combine with water in the atmosphere toform acid rain.• Acid rain damages plants and can acidify water toa point that aquatic organisms can't survive.• To reduce acid rain, we should consider upgradingall coal power plants with scrubbers that removethe acid forming gases, sulphur and nitrogen orreplace them with emission free nuclear or solarpower.

10. 311. 312. 413. Between 1880 and 1980 th pH of certain Adirondack

Lakes decreased from 6.8 to 4.8 (more acidic.)14. This lowering of the pH have eliminated muscles,

smallmouth bass & brown trout and now harmingLake trout.

15. 416. 217. • The new power plant will release warmer water

into increasing the river's temperature.• The warmer the water, the less dissolve oxygen(O2) it can hold.

• Some fish species may be harmed, especiallyTrout and Black Bass, during the summer monthswhen the water temperature will the greatest.

18. 119. 220. Some poisons are not broken down or excreted by

organisms. When first entering the food chain, oftenthey do little harm. However, they are magnified ateach level of the food web, becoming toxic to toppredators.

21. 4

22. Biomagnification: Pond algae eats 1 unit of pesticide.Rotifers eat 10 algae. Worms eat 10 Rotifers. Fisheat 10 worms. Fish now has 1000 units of pesticide!

23. Plant rich because plants contain far less pesticides. 24. 425. 126. • These chemicals are known to cause reproductive

problems and nervous system damage.• Biomonitoring• These chemicals are found in children clothing andbaby bottles and toys. Young children are exposedmore to these chemicals.• Most manufactures want to produce safe products.Many voluntarily test their products to make surethey are safe and to protect themselves from futurelawsuits.

Topic 7D1. 32. 1. Destroy plant and animal habitats.

2. Increase air pollution in the area due to cars andtrucks traveling to the mall.

3. 14. 35. 36. • Biodiversity would be decreased because some

organisms will be eliminated to make a path for theroad. In addition, if the road is built, animals will bekilled crossing it.• The roadway will allow new light penetration intothe rainforest, favoring some producers. • Herbivores increase because they have more food.• Road builders could erect fencing and providetunnels for animals to cross to the other side to keepthem from being harmed.

7. It greatly increased. 8 . The forest uses the nitrates for growth. Without the

forest, the nitrates seeped into the brook. ( Note:Nitrates are found in fertilizer.)

9. 410. 411. The beetle might eat other plants. 12. It might have no other organisms limiting its growth

and it will grow unchecked, out competing nativeplants.

13. 414. They did not have as many predators and was able to

out compete the native (indigenous) species15. 216. 217. Sometime invasive out compete native species for

the limited resources available. (Native getscrowded out.)

18. • Phytoplankton will decrease in numbers as thezebra mussels multiply consuming more and more ofthem. As the phytoplankton numbers decrease sowill the numbers of fresh water clams since theywill have less food.• Phytoplankton are photosynthetic, producing


oxygen. As zebra mussels increasingly consumephytoplankton, there will be less in oxygen in thewater harming all aquatic animals that need thisoxygen.• The rate of decay will increase as bacteriapopulations increasingly recycle the minerals ofdead organisms.• The zebra mussel population will crash when theyrun short of food ( phytoplankton).

19. To destroy the beetle that was eating the sugarcane.

20. Cane toads are poisonous to the predators that atethem, reducing the number of predators.

21. They ate everything that moved and could fit in theirmouth. They were poisonous and without predators.

22. 123. It effects all organisms in the area, including

humans.24. • by killing the mosquitos, there is less chance of

spreading West Nile Virus.• When you kill all of the mosquitos, bats and birdshave less food, and their numbers will decrease.• Humans will breath the pesticide, and it ispoisonous.

25. • Some insects have mutations that allow them to beresistant to the effects of the insecticide.• When insecticide is used on a population of insects,those insects with the resistance to the insecticidemay survive and reproduce, producing many moreinsects that are resistant to the insecticide.• Release predators to the insect pest.

26. 127. 128. 329. Herbicides will kill other plants besides the

loosestrife. 30. 331. 432. 133. 234. 1. Resistant to insects as it produces its own

insecticide.2. Overall its less expensive to grow because thereis no need to spray insecticides.

35. When human eat the potato, they are also consumingthe insecticide, which may be harmful.

36. 237. 238. 139. • Cutting down a forests to harvest the wood.

• Less habitats for people to watch and enjoywildl i fe.• Plant a new tree for every tree cut down.

40. • It is a measure of how many different species livein an area.• Food chains will be disrupted , harming theecosystem.• Reduce pollution and protect the environment.

Topic 7E1 . Plants and algae (By Photosynthesis)2 . 1. Oceans will rise flooding costal cities

2. Habitats change becoming unsuitable for currentorganisms due to changing weather patterns.

3. 14. 15. 16 . • Burning fossil fuels (Producing CO2)

• Global warming may cause the oceans to rise,flooding costal cities• Replace coal, oil and gass fired power plants withnuclear power which does not produce CO2

7 . a) Carbon dioxide levels will be reduced becauseplants use carbon dioxide when they make food byphotosynthesis.b) Carbon dioxide levels will increase becauseanimals give off carbon dioxide during respiration.

8 . • Global warming is the overall increasingtemperature of the Earth due to increase carbondioxide in the atmosphere.• Burning fossil fules releasing carbon dioxide intothe atmosphere.• As the Earth Warms, the oceans will rise, floodingcoastal cities.

9. 210. • Humans released CFCs into the atmosphere by

using it as a propellent in spray bottles.• CFCs destroy the ozone layer which protects allliving organisms from harmful ultraviolet radiation.Ultraviolet radiation can cause skin cancer inhumans.• Collect old CFCs from discarded refrigerators andair conditioning units to prevent them getting intothe atmosphere.

11. Ultraviolet can harm plant leaves and can causecancer in humans.

12. 313. 114. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Recycle it by removing it from old refrigerationunits, to be used in new refrigeration units.

15. Ozone can cause mutations in organisms. It is thecause of skin cancer in humans.

Topic 7F1. 12. 13 . Some people might lose their jobs an manufacturers

go out of business. 4. Businesses have met the standards as set by laws.5. Air pollution by limiting the burning of coal.6. 47. 18. Trains and buses move people much more efficiently

than cars, reducing the amount of global warmingcarbon dioxide produced. If they are no longerfunded, the air quality will decrease and globalwarming will increase.


9. 210. Activity: Logging

Harm: The forest is harvested, reducingBiodiversity.

11. Cheaper wood products for people to build homes.12. The town would make money and there would be

more wood to build homes.13. Biodiversity is lost and the ecosystem is less stable. 14. People can enjoy the new park and the trees will be

removing the greenhouse gas, CO2 from the air.

Topic 8A1. 32. 23. 24. 35. 46. 1

Topic 8B1. When conducting the experiment: 1. Use a large

sample, 2. Have a control group, 3. have a safetyplan

2. 33. 34. 45 . Drugs do not always work the same in humans as

they work in test animals. (Every organism hasunique DNA, which can effect the way a drugworks.)

6 . They don't cost much, are easy to clean, mostpeople don't care if they are sacrificed for scienceand they are mammals like humans. (Pick one!)

7. 38. 49 . Plants grown in a solution containing the mineral

potassium will grow at a faster rate than plantsgrown in the same solution but without potassium.

10. 311. 212. Everything the same except it would contain no

Fertex.13. 114. Students without background music.15. 416. The group with a pH of 5.6.17. The number os seeds that germinated. 18. 119. Amount of light. 20. 321. 322. Lily plants frown at 20 °C will grow faster than Lily

plants at 16 °C.23. The height, leaf surface area, or weight of the plant.

(Anything that would indicate growth!) 24. • Adding iron to the hydroponic solution will

increases the growth of lettuce plants.• The control group does not get iron. Theexperimental group gets iron.

• Temperature and amount of light.• Size of the plants (weight, height, surface area ofleaves, or anything that indicates size.)

25. Acid rain stunts the growth of bean seedlings. 26. pH27. (1) Temperature

(2) Amount of Light

28.

Topic 8C1. • Size of the plants (weight, height, surface area of

leaves, or anything that indicates size.) 2. The number of sea urchin eggs fertilized. 3. 34.

5 . Plants were exposed to different environmentalconditions. Or Plants have different DNA.

6. 27. 18. 3


Topic 8D1. - 2.

3. As the water depth increases, the temperaturedecreases.

4. 25. - 7.

8. Day 49. 3

10. - 11.

12. Rerun the experiment with other classes. OrIncrease the sample size of the study.

13. - 15.

16. 317. 1


18. - 20.

21. Classroom conditions + mist 22. Classroom conditions

Topic 8E1. 22. 33 . As the sewage increased, the dissolve oxygen and

the number of fish species decreased.4. As the activity increases, the pulse rate increases.5. 16. 27. 18. Invalid - each species has its own unique DNA and

might react differently to the drug being tested. 9. 410. 111. 412. Experiment must only have one independent variable.

(What is being tested!) This on has two: living space& amount of food.

13. No control - pulse rate before eating the meal.14. 315. 416. The larger the number of subjects, the more valid

the results.17. 118. Increase the number of plants.19. 3

20. 1. No control experiment.2. Not large enough sample size.

21. Increase the number of eggs in each tank. 22. The student's resting pulse rate.23. 424. Yes - the incident of low birth rate and physical

deformities is much greater for drinkers whencompared to the nondrinkers.

25. 126. No. Each species has its own unique DNA and may

react differently to the growth solutions tested.27. No - Females have a higher walking pulse. 28. 229. 330. 431. 432. 133. 434. 235. 236. 237. 238. 439. 140. • the experimental group gets Vitamin C while the

control group gets water• The type of surgical wound and the age of thepatient• Time it takes for the wound to heal• The average time for the wound to heal fromsurgery without Vitamin C is 14 days and withVitamin C is 11 Days.

41. • The cough drop• A sugar drop (same color and shape as the coughdrop, but just sugar.)• Time of each cough• One hour before given the cough drop to 9 hoursafter given the cough drop.• People receiving the cough drop, cough on average8 times less per hour in the 7th hour. The peoplewho received the sugar drop had no reduction ofcoughing in the 7th hour.

Topic 91. A and C2. E3. 14. 35. 16. 27. 18. 49. 310. 311. Inverted and upside down12. 113. 214. 1 515. 316. 2


17. (1) Never heat a test tube with the opening (mouth)stoppered.(2) Never heat a test tube with its mouth (opening)pointing towards another person.

18. 219. The test tube could explode, sending glass and hot

liquid in all directions. 20. graduated cylinder21. 222. 323. 124. 125. 126. Bear 1 and 3 as they have 4 matching DNA fragment

bands. 27. Their anatomy or skeletal structure. 28. 229. Salt30. Water31.

32. 333. 134. Able to see more cell structures when using a stain.35. Starch only because its indicator changed color

(amber to blue black.)36. They would be different colors. 37. 438. 2 . a Six legs ............ Spider

b four legs ............ Dog

3. a Has fins ............ Fish

b No fins ............ Worm

39.

40. The indicator turns from amber to blue black.41. Starch indicator (Iodine)

42. Procedure:Add the following substances to three test tubes:Tube 1- Enzyne x, Sugar C solution, Indicator,WaterTube 2- Enzyne x, Sugar C solution, Indicator,VinegarTube 3- Enzyne x, Sugar C solution, Indicator, b.SodaAfter 30 minutes, place in hot water bath toactivate indicator to determine presence of digestion(glucose)Data table:

Safety precautionWear safety goggles when heating test tubes


The Living Environment Study Guide 2015 - · PDF fileHillside Arts & Letters Academy The...

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