The Levels of Communication Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking, by George L. Grice and John F....

The Levels of Communication

Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking,

by George L. Grice and John F. Skinner

To Communicate . . .

The Latin verb communicare means “to make common to many, share, impart, divide.”

Simply stated . . . When you communicate you share, or

make common, your knowledge and ideas with someone else.

Communication, then, is the sharing of meaning bysendingand receivingsymbolic cues.

Charles Ogen & I. A. Richard’s Triangle of Meaning The interpreter

– The person who is communicating, with words or symbols

The symbol– Anything to which people attach or assign a

meaning The referent

– The object or idea for which the symbol stands

Interpreter(Speaker or Listener)

Symbol Referent………

The Triangle of Meaning

Five Levels of Public Speaking:


1) intrapersonal

Intrapersonal Communication

The type of communication a person has with himself, thus the prefix “intra-” which means within.

As soon as a human being awakens, he begins an internal thought process and dialogue, almost always silent, but sometimes aloud.


2) interpersonal

Interpersonal Communication

Interpersonal communication takes place between two people.

This type of communication varies depending on the relationship between the two individuals.


3) group

Group Communication

Group communication occurs when three or more individuals, who have a common goal, interact either formally or informally.


4) public

Public Communication

Public communication takes place when one or more individuals communicate with a large group in a more “one-directional” approach.


5) mass communication

Mass Communication

Mass communication occurs when extremely large groups receive information, like a television audience watching a news broadcast, as well as the intermittent commercial advertising.


1) intrapersonal2) interpersonal3) group4) public5) mass communication

Linear Model of Communication


The speaker—the sender, the encoder, or source of the message.

The Speaker


Encoding—the process of putting ideas into symbols to carry a message.

The Speaker

The Speech Text


Message—ideas communicated verbally and nonverbally.

The Speaker

The Message

A speaker sends a message to a listener.


Listener—the receiver or decoder of the message

The Speaker

The Message



Decoding—the process of attaching meanings to symbols received.

The Speaker

The Message


Decoding


The speaker—the sender, the encoder, or source of the message.

Encoding—the process of putting ideas into symbols to carry a message.

Message—ideas communicated verbally and nonverbally.

Listener—the receiver or decoder of the message

Decoding—the process of attaching meanings to symbols received.


The Speaker

The Message


The Listener

Problems with Linear Model of Communication

#1—The assumption that a person is either the sender or a receiver of messages.

Actually, we perform both of these roles simultaneously.

Problems with Linear Model of Communication

#2—The suggestion that communication involves only one message.

Actually, there are as many messages as there are communicators involved, and the message the sender intends is never identical to the one received.

Interactive Model of Communication

When scholars began to see the limitations of the linear model of communication, they added other components to the speaker, message, and listener making a total of 7 components:

channel, feedback, environment, and noise


Channel—the medium, or the way the message is sent.


Feedback—includes all messages, verbal and nonverbal, sent by listeners to speakers.


Environment—the physical setting and the occasion for communication.


Noise—anything that distracts from effective communication; some form of noise is always present.


Channel—the medium, or the way the message is sent.

Feedback—includes all messages, verbal and nonverbal, sent by listeners to speakers.

Environment—the physical setting and the occasion for communication.

Noise—anything that distracts from effective communication; some form of noise is always present.

Noise

Physical noise—distractions originating in the communication environment.

Noise

Physiological noise—distractions originating in the bodies of communicators—cold, headache, hunger, fatigue.

Noise

Psychological noise—distractions originating in the thoughts of communicators—anxiety, daydreaming, worry.

Noise

Physical noise—distractions originating in the communication environment.

Physiological noise—distractions originating in the bodies of communicators—cold, headache, hunger, fatigue.

Psychological noise—distractions originating in the thoughts of communicators—anxiety, daydreaming, worry.

SPEAKER LISTENER

Message

Feedback

Noise

CHANNEL

NoiseNoise

Encoder

EncoderDecoder

Decoder

En

viro

nm

ent E

nviro

nm

ent

Interactive Model of CommunicationCHANNEL

The Levels of Communication

Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking,

by George L. Grice and John F. Skinner

The Levels of Communication Adapted from Mastering Public Speaking, by George L. Grice and John F....

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