The Legacy of Rome

The Romans Chapter 10 Case study

Source: ‘Benevento-Arch of Trajan from South’ by Decan. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 via Wikimedia Commons:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benevento-Arch_of_Trajan_from_South.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Benevento-Arch_of_Trajan_from_South.jpg

Imperial titles on Trajan’s Arch at Benevento (AD 114-117)

The legacy of onomastics(words in brackets are the titles from Trajan’s

dedication)

• (IMP) Imperator: Emperor• (CAESAR) Caesar: Czar, Kaiser, Caesar’s Palace in

Las Vegas, etc.• (Pontif Max) Pontifex Maximus: still ascribed to

the Pope today • (Principi) Princeps: inspiration for Machiavelli’s

‘Prince’ and many others• (P P) Pater Patriae: not Augustus’ invention, it

should be noted• (SPQR) Senatus Populusque Romani: the Senate

and people of Rome

A 1672 bronze farthing from thereign of Charles II depicting a seated Britannia with a shield and trident

Sesterce of Antoninus Pius, AD 138-160,depicting Britannia with a shield and trident

Mythological figures and patriotism: Britannia

A 1997 fifty-pence piecewith seated Britannia withshield and trident

Pater patriae: other founding fathers

Sources: ‘Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States’ by Howard Chandler Christy, licensed under public domain via Wikimedia Commons. Portrait of Gandhi: http://flickr.com/photos/55638925@N00/255569844/. ‘Ataturk and the Flag of Turkey’: http://

www.istanbul.edu.tr/genel/idari/basinhalk/albumler/kitapcik_HTML/

America’s founding fathers (below), Gandhi (right), known as‘father of the nation’, and Mustafa Atatürk, ‘father of the Turks’

The Senate and the people of Rome live on

Source: By G. Dallorto via Wikimedia Commons.

Mosaic floor depicting the Capitoline Wolf, Gallerie Vittorio Emmanuele II, Milan

‘Manhole SPQR’. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

A modern manhole cover in Rome

• Imperator Romanorum, Imperator Augustus• Reintroduced silver coinage (livre)• Unified a wide empire: Pater Europae

Charlemagne, AD 742-814

Source: ‘Frankish Empire 481 to 814-en’ by Sémhur from Image:Frankish empire.jpg, File:Growth of Frankish Power, 481-814.jpg,from the Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911).

Pope Sixtus IV in Rome, 1471-1484

‘I found a city of mud and left it a city of brick’

• Nepotism• Restored the Aqua Vergina• Built streets and bridges: Via Florea and Ponte Sisto• Restored and built churches• Refounded the Vatican library

and donated ancient sculpturesto the Capitoline Collection

• First reorganization of theJulian calendar

Source: Photo by Jensens, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

• Empereur des Français• Napoleonic Code• Wide foreign policy• Titles• Imagery and architecture• The metric system

Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821

Napoleon Bonaparte 1769-1821Napoleon wearing the coronacivica on his deathbed (left).His Roman-style tomb altar (right).Relief of Napoleon from the US House of Representatives (below).

Napoleon’s triumphal arches at Etoile and in front of the Louvre, Paris

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon.