The Leaders of Russia

1800-1914

Were the people ever happy

with their leaders?

Peace, Land and Bread!!

SIBERIA

2

SIBERIA IS -50 AT TIMES

HOW COLD IS THAT?

Alexander I: 1801-1825 Russia was mostly an

Agricultural country where

feudalism and serfdom and

still very much alive.

Nobles had unlimited

power and could buy and

sell serfs.

Alexander I will die

suddenly of a fever.

He was an AUTOCRAT,

which is Greek for rule by

oneself.

Fun Fact: 26,000 miles of coastline in Russia

Nicholas I: 1825-1855

Decembrists Revolt: 1825 will be led by army officers (got ideas from Napoleon)

Lots of people got sent to Siberia

1825-54: Crushed 500 peasant uprisings

Secret police- If you mentioned change or reform you would be arrested.

Little or no education took place.

FF:10,000 miles of frontier

Alexander II: 1855-1881 Crimean War: got beat

by France/Great Britain

on there own soil.

British rifles could shoot

200 yards further.

Russia was far behind in

technology. (150 years)

1860-1873 First Railway

boom.

Alexander III: 1881-1894

Serfdom will end in 1861

People would be

allowed trials.

Land goes to the nobles.

Alexander gets killed by

a bomb.

Just like Nicholas I

This man’s brother tried to assassinate

Alexander III, sentenced to death and

Lenin witnessed

Nicholas II: 1894-1917

21 countries border Russia

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Nicholas II: 1894-1917

Students will begin to study Karl Marx and

communism.

“I shall maintain the principle of autocracy”

An Enlightenment of sorts was taking place.

1904 Russo-Japanese War: the Czar

figured a war would shift attention away from

their problems to other things.

The Japanese would WIN!

Alexis: a son is born 1904-1917

10

The Revolution 1905: 200,000 workers and their families approached the palace asking

for better working conditions.

His Generals ordered that the soldiers fire on the crowd and 500-1000 died.

This was called Bloody Sunday. Widespread

strikes no negotiations.

The Czar knew that he could no longer ignore the people and established the first DUMA! (like a Parliament)

The DUMA will dissolve in 4 months. (representative assembly)

Moderates will push for a CONSTITUTION but Nicholas II will block all attempts.

10

Rasputin and Cheka: 1916-1919 Nicholas II will begin

to prepare for WWI.

This was one of the worst decisions of his life.

His son Alexis was a hemophiliac: blood does not clot.

Rasputin: Holy man that will influence the Czarina. (Alexandra)First head of Cheka

CHEKA: A secret police

who executed ordinary

citizens, and this is

when the forced labor

camps came into

existence. Later known

as the KGB.

12

World War I and Russia 1914-1917:

2 million dead if you go to war you forget your problems!

WWI will UNITE Russia & create National PRIDE

They could not produce enough, many soldiers had no

rifles or bullets.

Nicholas II will leave Russia and go to the

front. (Why?)

Food and fuel shortages forced Russia out

of the war.

People came home wanting bread and peace.

13

The Revolutionaries: 1917

They were divided into 2 groups:

Bolsheviks: The majority

party led by Lenin and who

wanted to set up a

dictatorship. (REDS)This was

an overthrow of the govt.

Mensheviks: The minority who

disagreed with the plan of taking

over the government. They

wanted to move more slowly

through the use of higher wages,

suffrage, and welfare programs.

The Peasants: Social

Revolutionaries who

wanted land distributed

fairly.

The Industrial Workers:

Social Democrats who

were embracing Karl

Marx’s ideas that the

working class would one

day overthrow the ruling

class. (split into 2 groups)

The White Army will fight the Bolsheviks, 1918-1920 15 million die

V.I. Lenin

Brother was

killed for

trying to kill

Tsar.

1917

Lenin was

Exiled, Siberia

And then to Switzerland.

L.Trotsky

14

Karl Marx: What is Marxism?

Karl Marx was trying to develop a critique of society

which he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary.

Said that,”Power should be held by workers.”

“Workers will unite across national borders to wage

class warfare.” How does that workout?

The theory seeks the elimination of private property

in order to gain control of the economic "means of

production" by taking it from the bourgeois (the

wealthy or propertied class) for the benefit of the

proletariat (working class.)

15

PEACE LAND AND BREAD

Germany tried to help Lenin return to Russia.

His slogan was “Peace, Land, and Bread”

This was the beginning of the socialist order,

first was to divide all the farm land up.

Lenin thought the Socialist revolution was

going to spread to Germany.

Germany lost the war and it did not spread.

15Peace, Land and Bread!!

16

Treaty of Brest Litovsk 1918:

Russia will adopt a modern

calendar in 1918 as they were

behind the rest of Europe by 13

days.

1918 Germany will sign Treaty of

Brest Litovsk with Russia giving

up a huge chunk of land and

territory.

Russia lost 300,000 miles

Louisiana purchase

820,000 miles

Civil War will rage

on in Russia for 3

years. Reds vs.

White (counter

revolutionaries.

The Allies actually

Intervened

And tried to help

The whites win.

This did nothing

17

The scattered foes of the Revolution were defeated by 1921.

This flag will symbolize the union of the workers and the peasants.

THE END